missile-defense plans of, 189
Saleh and, 86, 100–101
secret prison program and, 119–21
Somali and, 141, 143, 148, 150
Calland, Albert, 133
Call of Duty (game), 185
Cambodia, 79
Cambone, Stephen, 79, 81, 116, 129, 133
Campbell, John, 98–99
Camp Chapman attack, 159
Card, Andrew, 127–28
Carlucci, Frank, 72–73
Carter, Jimmy, 43, 220
Cartwright, James, 228
Casey, William J., 74, 220
covert activities in Central America and, 50–51
Islamic terrorism and, 53–56
Castro, Fidel, 17, 46, 47
Ceausescu, Elena, 58
Ceausescu, Nicolae, 58
Celestial Balance, 246–47
Central Asia Online (website), 187
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 37
alliances with authoritarian regimes, 26, 253–55
Arab Spring missed by, 252–55, 316
assassinations and, 43–46
Benghazi attack and, 316–17
briefing White House on assassination targets, 9–10
budget cuts in 1990s and, 58
change in CIA culture to one socialized in war, 317–18
Church Committee investigations of, 45–46, 47, 88
Counterterrorist Center (See Counterterrorist Center)
covert activities of, 43–61
Davis incident and, 1–4, 257–65, 272–76, 290
detention-and-interrogation program, 13, 117–21, 126–28
division of labor agreement with Pentagon, 132–34
drone program (See Predator drones)
founding mission of, 44
Furlong’s operations and, 188–90, 195–96, 208–9
independence of, 44–45
Iranian Revolution and, 69
ISI-CIA relationship, 26–29, 167–70, 267–70, 276–77
Kashmir relief aid as cover for sending agents into Pakistan, 164–65
Khairkhwa, Khirullah and, 21–23
killing program, Blackwater phase of, 121–26
military support role of, in mid-1990s, 60–61
9/11 Commission recommendations regarding powers of, 81
in North and South Waziristan, 153–73
Obama administration reliance on, 216–28
outsourcing of missions to private contractors by, 324–25
Panetta as director of, 221–23
Pentagon spying efforts, CIA efforts to undermine, 73–74
Peshawar operations with Munir and ISI, 38–41
poor communications with Pentagon, 18
Predator drone program (See Predator drones)
psychological operations of, 175–76
reliance on foreign intelligence agencies, 26–29
rifts within CIA over Afghanistan strategy, 32–33
Rumsfeld critical of, 68–69
secret war of, 11–17
Somali warlords backed by, 137–43
terrorism and, 53–57
training philosophy of, 25–26
U.S.C. Title 50 as governing authority, 76, 133, 287
vaccination campaign spying operation, 279–84
in Vietnam, 45
Chalabi, Ahmed, 199
Chamberlin, Wendy, 32, 33
Charlie Wilson’s War (Grile), 131
Cheney, Dick, 13, 78, 122, 128, 156
CIA’s proposed plan for assassinations presented to, 9–10, 122
criticizes Obama’s ban of coercive interrogations, 218–19
use of databases for information-mining and, 64–65
Church, Frank, 45–47
Church Committee, 45–46, 47, 88, 120, 282
Churchill, Winston, 6, 36–37
City Mayor (game), 186
Clarke, Richard, 88
Predator drone program and, 89–93
Clarridge, Duane R., 50–51, 59, 60, 73, 199–211, 323–24, 326
Bush, H. W.’s pardoning of, 199
Counterterrorist Center proposal of, 55–57
covert activities in Central America and, 50–51
Nicaraguan mining operation and, 52
private spying operations in Afghanistan of, 201–211
Clinton, Bill, 60, 61, 220
bin Laden hunt and, 89
lack of attention paid to intelligence issues by, 58–59
Clinton, Hillary, 238–39, 292
Clinton administration, 223
lack of leads in hunting bin Laden, 89
CNN, 97, 100
Colby, William, 46
Cold War, 25, 175
Combating Terrorism Technical Support Office (CTTSO), 240–41
Contras, 51, 52–53
Costa Rica, 52
Counterterrorist Center (CTC), 10, 11–15
creation of, 55–57
expansion of, 11
initial success in Afghanistan, 12–13
“targeting” of foreign nationals, 14–15
covert operations. See also specific operations
AfPax Insider project, 194–99
of CIA, 43–61
of Clarridge and Furlong in Afghanistan, 201–11
legal authority for, 76–77
of Pentagon, 63–82
Creech Air Force Base, 320–21
Cross Project, 45
Crumpton, Hank, 33, 125, 142–43
CTC. See Counterterrorist Center (CTC)
Cuba, 17, 46, 50–51
cycle of intelligence, 230
Czech Republic, 188–90
Daily Telegraph, The, 36
Damadola raid, 134–35
Dante Alighieri, 65
Darkazanli, Mamoun, 10
Datta Khel strike, 291
Davis, Perry, 239, 240–41, 247, 248, 250, 252
Davis, Raymond, 1–4, 257–59, 261–65, 272–76, 279, 290, 291, 327
Dearlove, Richard, 6–7
Defense Department. See Department of Defense
Defense Intelligence Agency, 314
defense secretary, legal powers and authority of, 75–77
Deininger, Bill, 247–48
Delta Force, 57, 64, 69, 75, 76, 129, 138, 149–50, 251
Department of Defense, 44. See also Pentagon
defense secretary, legal powers and authority of, 75–77
dependence on CIA, 67–68
Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) (See Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC))
psychological operations of, 176–90
regulation prohibiting hiring of contractors for human-spying operations, 206
Rumsfeld efforts to modernize, 19–21
Department of Justice, 127
al-Awlaki killing approved by, 305, 312
waterboarding and interrogation program authorized by, 118, 120
Detainee Treatment Act, 126, 127
detention-and-interrogation program, 13, 117–21, 126–28
Deutch, John, 16, 59–60, 61, 222, 282
Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), 33–36
CIA-ISI operation to arrest Rauf, 165–66
CIA-ISI relationship, 26–29, 167–70, 267–70, 276–77
Directorate C, 168
Directorate S, 168–69, 266
Kayani as head of, 110–13
Khairkhwa capture and turnover to U.S. by, 22, 23
misreading of American commitment to Afghanistan, 34–35
Peshawar operations with CIA, 38–41
Directorate of Intelligence, 266–67
Directorate of Operations, 12, 162
Director of National Intelligence position, 128, 223–24
diyat, 273
Djibouti, 306–7, 308
Doherty, Glen, 317
Donilon, Tom, 226, 292–93
Donovan, William J., 45, 56, 200, 300
Downing, Wayne, 131, 199
drones/drone program
Predator (See Predator drones)
Reaper, 266, 308, 318
Durrani, Assad, 35
Eclipse Group, 210
Egypt, 26, 252, 254
Ehsan ul Haq, 28, 33–36, 108, 111
Eikenberry, Karl, 192–93
El Al ticket counter terrorist attacks, 55
Eldridge, Bill, 182
Eliot, T. S., 153
El Salvador, 15
Emanuel, Rahm, 223
embassy bombings
in Beirut, 54
in Kenya and Tanzania, 27
Ethiopia
invasion of Somalia by, 148–51
Faheem, Shumaila, 272
Faina (ship), 237–38, 247
Farina, Chris, 146–47
Farm, the, 25, 115, 165
Feith, Douglas J., 78
Fernandez, Joe, 52, 53
Field Operations Group (FOG), 69–70
Flynn, Michael, 198
FOG. See Field Operations Group (FOG)
Ford, Gerald, 45–46, 300
Fort Hood shooting, 308–9
France, 82
Franks, Tommy, 67
Frazer, Jendayi, 143
Freedom at Midnight (Lapierre and Collins), 288
Frontier Corps, 105–6
Furlong, Michael, 176–90, 191–92, 229, 309, 326
AfPax Insider project and, 194–99
CIA and, 188–90, 195–96, 208–9
civilian work for Defense Department, 179–80
Clarridge’s private spying operations and, 203–9
early career of, 177–78
U-Turn Media, partnership with, 181–89
Gaddafi, Muammar, 26, 252–53, 254, 316
Garland, Merrick, 313
Gates, Robert, 197, 225–26, 267
G.D. Searle, 19
General Atomics, 266
General Intelligence Directorate, 26
Gnehm, Edward W., 82–83
Godfather, The (movie), 300
Goldwater, Barry, 46
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 112
Gordon, John, 92
Goring, Hermann, 45
Goss, Porter, 28, 140, 165, 222
advises Bush against stripping CIA of military operations, 81–82
Bajaur operation and, 115–17
Damadola raid amd, 135
detention-and-interrogation program and, 127–28
Koussa and, 254
management retreat for CIA senior leaders, 162–63
Gray Fox, 39, 74–75, 207. See also Intelligence Support Activity (ISA)
al-Harethi Predator strike and, 86, 87
in Somalia, 149–50
Green Badge, 258
Green Berets, 13, 18–19
Green Book, The, 145
Grenada, 73
Grenier, Robert, 32–33, 36, 37, 163
Gritz, James, 71–72
Guantánamo Bay prison, 16–17, 23
Obama decision to close, 218, 219
Guatemala, 47, 59
Gulf Security Group, 239–40
Gulf War, 59–60
Guzmán, Jacobo Árbenz, 47
Habib, Khalid, 169–70, 173
Hadley, Stephen, 127
Hamas, 98
Haqqani, Husain, 227, 261, 273
Haqqani, Jalaluddin, 31, 35–36, 192–93
Haqqani Network, 40–41, 168–72, 192, 201, 203, 293–95
al-Harethi, Qaed Salim Sinan, 85–87, 100
Harward, Robert, 21, 22, 267
Hassan, Nidal, 308–9
Hawes, Kurt, 94–97, 320
Hayden, Michael, 165–67, 242
on CIA’s alliances with authoritarian regimes, 254–55
plan to wage unilateral war in Pakistan, 267
on transformation of CIA, 299–300, 302
Hazar Qadam operation, 18
al-Hazmi, Nawaf, 303
Helms, Richard, 55
Hergerson, John, 118, 120–21
Hezbollah, 54, 57
Hitler, Adolf, 45
Holbrooke, Richard, 214–15
Holland, Charles, 66–67
Holmes, Robert, 195, 204–5
Honduras, 15, 52
Hull, Edmund, 86
Human Rights Watch, 151
Hussain, Safdar, 105, 106–7
Hussain, Zahid, 110
Hussein, Saddam, 60, 78, 90, 117, 155, 199
India, 30, 31, 33
Indyk, Martin, 98
Inferno (Dante), 65
Inspire, 308–9, 310
Intelligence Authorization Act of 1991, 76
Intelligence Support Activity (ISA)
CIA’s efforts to undermine, 73–74
creation of, 70 (See also Gray Fox)
inspector general investigation of, 72–73
King and, 71–73
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 155
International Media Ventures, 188, 197, 204–5
interrogation memos, 221–23
interrogation program. See detention-and-interrogation progam
Iran, 315
hostage crisis, 48, 68–70
spying missions in, 131–32
Iran–Contra scandal, 13, 15, 52–53, 57, 72, 76, 90, 120, 199
Iraq
Blackwater operatives killings at traffic stop in Baghdad, 123
commando tactics in fight against al Qaeda in, 229–30
invasion of, 41, 77–78
task force for attacking al-Zarqawi’s al Qaeda in, 129–31
Iraqi Hero (game), 185–86
Iraqi Media Network, 180
IraqSlogger, 193
Iraq Survey Group, 155–56
Iraq War, 5, 128, 162, 192, 197, 219, 229, 258, 299, 315
CIA’s credibility after, 117
radicalization in Muslim World and, 138
U.S. attention diverted from Afghanistan for, 111–12, 138
ISA. See Intelligence Support Activity (ISA)
ISI. See Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI)
Islamic Courts Union (ICU), 139, 142, 143, 146, 147–51
Islamic Jihad Organization, 54
Israel, 98
Jameson, W. George, 314
al Jaza’iri, Adil Hadi, 39–40
JD Media Transmission Systems LLC, 185
Johnsen, Gregory, 307–8
Joint Information Operations Warfare Command, 189
Joint Intelligence Task Force for Combating Terrorism, 20
Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), 82, 128–35. See also Delta Force; SEALs/SEAL Team Six
Al Qaeda Network Execute Order, expanded powers under, 128–29
CIA/Pentagon division of labor agreement, 132–34
founding of and relations with CTC, 56
Gray Fox (See Gray Fox)
Iranian spying missions, 131–32
Lebanese hit men training and, 54–55
Military Liaison Elements, 82
Rumsfeld and, 63–64, 65, 75–76
“sheep-dipped” operations under CIA authority, 133, 134, 287
Somalia missions, 149–50, 244–47
task force for attacking al-Zarqawi’s al Qaeda in Iraq, 129–31
Joint Unconventional Warfare Task Force Execute Order, 206–8
Jones, James, 224–25, 226
Jones Memo, 226
Jordan, 26, 82
Jordan, Eason, 193, 194, 197, 198, 203
JSOC. See Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC)
Justice Department. See Department of Justice
Kandahar Strike Force, 205–6
Kappes, Stephen, 218, 222, 224, 225, 227, 267
Karimov, Islam, 92
Karzai, Ahmed Wali, 22, 205–6
Karzai, Hamid, 18, 210–11
Kashmir, 30, 31, 164–65, 260
Kayani, Ashfaq Parvez, 169, 265, 291, 295
informed of bin Laden raid by Mullen, 288–89
as ISI head, 110–13
Ra
uf’s arrest and, 166
thesis on controlling Afghanistan during occupation, 112–13
Wardak bombing and, 293, 294
Keller, Art, 153–62, 164, 167–73, 193, 265, 281
bin Laden Dir Valley tip and, 161
early career of, 154–56
intelligence gathering in North and South Waziristan, 156–62, 167–73
al-Masri as primary target of, 160–61
relations with ISI, 158, 169–70
Kennedy, John F., 45, 220
Kenya, embassy bombing in, 27
Khairkhwa, Mullah Khirullah, 21–23
Khan, Abdul Qadeer, 10, 124
Khan, Bakhptur, 134–35
Khan, Ismail, 197
Khan, Samir, 309, 310
killing program, CIA, 121–26
kill list, 226–27
Kim Jong Il, 315
King, Jerry, 71–73
Klinghoffer, Leon, 54
Koh, Harold, 301, 305
Kot Lakhpat prison, 257
Koussa, Moussa, 254
Koziol, John, 190
Krongard, Alvin, 98
Kuwait, 154
al-Kuwaiti, Abu Ahmed, 167, 270
Laos, 71–72, 79
Lashkar-e-Islam, 280, 297
Lashkar-e-Taiba, 168, 259–61, 277
latency problem, of drones, 307
Lebanese hit men, training of, 54–55
Lebanon, 54
LexisNexis, 64
Libby, I. Lewis, 9
al-Libi, Abu Faraj, 115–16, 134–35
Libya, 26
Arab Spring in, 252–53, 316
Benghazi attack in, 316–17
Lockheed Martin, 204, 206, 209
Luitingh, Lafras, 244
Lumumba, Patrice, 46
McChrystal, Stanley, 116, 132, 206
replaces McKiernan in Afghanistan, 197–98
task force for attacking al-Zarqawi’s al Qaeda under, 129–31
McGrath, Mike, 281
McKiernan, David, 191–94, 197, 202, 206
McLaughlin, John, 98
McMahon, John, 54
McNamara, Robert, 19
McNeill, Dan, 192
McPherson, John L., 240
McRaven, William, 229–30, 231, 244, 246
Maes, Jeff, 275–76
Maghaweer (game), 186
“Making a Bomb in the Kitchen of Your Mom” (Khan), 309
Mali, 325–26
Mamraiz, Shaheena, 283
Marine barracks bombing, in Beirut, 54
Marines, 17–18
al-Masri, Abu Khabab, 160–61, 173
Massoud, Ahmad Shah, 91–92, 104
Meadows, Richard, 69
Mehsud, Baitullah, 156–58, 227–28
Meyer, Edward, 70, 74
MI5, 166
MI6, 6–7, 40
Mighty Wurlitzer, 175, 176
al-Mihdhar, Khalid, 303
Mike (undercover officer), 163–64, 218
Mikolashek, Paul, 21, 22
Military Assistance Command, Vietnam—Studies and Observation Group (MACV-SOG), 65
Military Liaison Elements, 82