Schultz, Ann, 268–69
Schultz, Dorothy, 264, 268–71, 292, 298
Schultz, Hank, 264, 268–69, 277–78, 285, 292, 298
Schüssler, Otto, 241–42, 245, 253, 256–57, 272
Schüssler, Trude, 241–42, 245
Schwartz, Delmore, 154
Second International (Socialist), 155
Secret History of Stalin’s Crimes, The (Orlov), 299
Sedition Act (U.S., 1918), 218
Sedov, Leon (grandson), 109
Sedov, Lev “Lyova” (son), 43, 56, 61–62, 78
affair with Jeanne Molinier, 102, 109
death of, 94–99, 111–19, 132, 139, 142, 182, 186, 197, 276, 300
death of Lenin and, 194
edits Bulletin of the Opposition, 101
exile of, in Berlin, 102–3
exile of, in France, 109–15, 124
exile of, in Turkey, and denial of Soviet visa to return, 99–103
Fourth International and, 204
Moscow show trials and, 110–11, 133–34
nephew Seva and, 109, 198
relationship with Trotsky, 276–77
spied on, by GPU, 124
stepsister Zina and, 104–5
Trotsky’s autobiography and history and, 101
Trotsky’s exile in Mexico and, 120–21
wife Anna left in USSR, 101
wife Anna arrested and murdered, in USSR, 108–9
writes Red Book on Moscow Trial, 110
Zborowski befriends in Paris, and spies on, 139–43
Sedov, Sergei (brother-in-law), 108
Sedov, Sergei “Seryozha” (son), 61–62, 69, 99–101
arrest and death of, 62–63, 77–78, 177, 197, 276, 294, 302
daughterYulia, emigrates to U.S., 302
rehabilitated by Gorbachev, 304
Sedova, Anna (Lyova’s wife), 108–9
Sedova, Natalia Ivanovna (Lyova’s second wife), 29, 110, 242, 274
alleged early affair of, 65–66, 68–69
assassination attempt and, 4–7, 253–55, 258–60
assassination witnessed by, 282–92
children of, 42
death of, 295
Dewey hearings and, 41
exile of, in Turkey, France, and Norway, 9, 109–10, 217
Frida Kahlo and, 59–60, 71
grandson Seva and, 118, 201
“Jacson,” or Ramon, and, 267–71, 280–81
life of, after death of Trotsky, 293–94, 305
life of, in Mexico, 2, 9, 13–15, 28–29, 58, 73–74, 127–32, 160, 162–64, 170–71, 182, 189, 243, 275–76
life with Trotsky in Russia and, 97, 178, 191–92, 194
meets and marries Trotsky, 66–70
resigns from Fourth International, 293–94
security in Mexico and, 93–94, 134–36, 138, 199, 241–43, 265, 277, 280
son Lyova and, 94–101, 111–12, 114–18, 139
son Seryozha’s uncertain fate and, 61–63, 77–78
stepdaughter Zina and, 104–6
stepson Seva and, 105
stormy relationship of, with Trotsky, 64–65, 67–70, 89–91, 118–19
Trotsky’s affair with Frida and, 60–61, 63–65, 67–68, 70–71
Trotsky’s will and, 230, 234–35
Serge, Victor, 111, 142–43, 156
Serrano, David, 275
Shachtman, Max, 14, 16–17, 19–20, 31, 36, 204, 209–10, 213, 220, 222–23, 226–28, 271–72, 280, 301, 305
Shaw, George Bernard, 62, 180
Shields, Bob. See Harte, Robert Sheldon
Simbirsk, Battle of, 22–23, 232
Siqueiros, Angelique Arenal, 248
Siqueiros, David Alfaro, 79, 81, 86, 163
assassination attempt by, on Trotsky, 252–55, 257, 259, 264–66, 275, 278, 281
Chapultepec Castle mural, From the Dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz to the Revolution, 297
L.A. Plaza Arts Center Tropical America mural, 247
Mexican Electricians’ Union mural Portrait of the Bourgeoisie, 248–49
NKVD and revolutionary activities of, in Mexico and Spain, 246–50, 250
Orozco murals and, 164
trial and life of, after death of Trotsky, 296–97
Sneevliet, Henk, 140–43, 145
social democratic left, 301
socialism. See also Communism; Marxism; Stalinism; Trotskyists; and specific countries, organizations, parties and factions
inevitability of, 219, 221
“in one country,” 46
Trotsky on, and WW II, 212–13
Socialist Appeal, 145
Socialist Party of America, 17, 209
socialist realism, 150–51, 165
Socialist Revolutionaries (Russian), 180
Socialist Workers Party (American), 145, 208, 209, 211, 242, 271, 293
FBI raid on, in Minneapolis, 297–98
founding congress of 1937 and split between Majority and Minority, over Stalinism, dialectical materialism, and invasion of Finland, 211–13, 222–29, 234, 271–74, 280, 305
security for Trotsky and, 262–63
Trotsky assassination and, 292
Van leaves, 300–301
See also American Trotskyists
Society of Veterans of the Spanish Republic, 248
Sokolovskaya, Alexandra (first wife), 67, 103, 106–8
children of, see Bronstein, Nina;
Volkova, Zinaida
Souvarine, Boris, 156
Soviet Union (Russia, USSR), 44, 82. See also Bolsheviks; Central Committee; Communist Party of the Soviet Union; Moscow show trials; NKVD; Politburo; Red Army; Russian Revolution of October 1917; and specific organizations and individuals
art and literature in, 82, 149–52, 157–58
authoritarianism and, 45, 301
backlash vs. Trotsky in, 2, 26–27
“bureaucratic collectivism” and, 10, 179, 210–11, 301
civil war in, 21–28, 46, 51, 213, 232, 294
collectivization and industrialization drive in, 46–47
death of Lenin and, 191–92
death of Stalin and de-Stalinization in, 294
“degenerated workers’ state” debate and, 210–13, 293, 305–6
Dewey and, 38–39, 43, 53
Eastman visits, 218
espionage by, in U.S., 181
Gide visits, 160
Gorbachev and demise of communism in, 303–5
Hitler’s invasion of, 2
Kronstadt rebellion and, 51–54
Natalia disavows, 293–94
Nazi-Soviet pact and invasions following, 2–3, 211–13, 222–23, 223–25
October Revolution and, 187–88
October Revolution tenth-anniversary celebration in, 81–82
“permanent revolution” and, 45–46
Popular Front and, 19, 37–38
purges in, 9, 47, 51, 62, 83, 107, 141, 144, 151, 177, 203, 210, 294
Reagan and, 301
Rivera and, 81–82, 87
secret police files of, 113–15
secret police, see NKVD
Seva visits half sister in, 304
Spanish civil war and, 10, 122–24
Stalin’s rise in, 187–88
Trotsky expelled from, 101–6
Trotsky predicts revolution vs. Stalin in, 10
Trotsky’s family arrested and killed in, 42, 61–63, 77–78, 96–98, 106–8, 111–14, 118
Spanish Communist Party, 123, 206
Spanish Falangists, 10, 203
Spanish Nationalists, 122
Spanish Republic, 18, 122, 206
civil war and (1936–39), 10, 122–24, 134, 137, 144, 153, 160, 172, 200, 203, 211, 247–49, 257, 259, 272, 299
revolution of 1931, 206
Rivera and, 78
Spanish Republican Army, 206, 248–49
Spanish Republican Loyalists, 122, 203
Spartacus Youth League, 134
Spiegel
, Rae, 130
Stalin (Joseph Djugashvili, “Koba”), 156, 186
arrests and murders of Trotsky’s family and, 62–63, 78, 96–98, 106–8, 111–14, 118
artists and writers suppressed by, 150–52
assassination of Trotsky and, 7–9, 114, 125, 137, 174–78, 200, 255, 261, 295
death of, 294, 299
death of Lenin, and struggle vs. Trotsky, 46, 82, 89, 191–94, 196–97, 216–18, 225
early feud with Trotsky, 26–28
early revolutionary activity of, 186–88
exile and denunciation of Trotsky by, 1–2, 8, 28, 96–97, 178
Gorbachev rehabilitates victims of, 303–4
Kahlo and, 296
Lenin’s warning and testament on, 96–97, 218, 233–34
Lyova’s visa rejected by, 103
Moscow trials and purges by, 8–9, 32–35, 37–38, 83, 113–14, 176
Nazi-Soviet nonagression pact and, 2, 201–4, 211–12
Orlov blackmails, 145
repressive dictatorship of, 44, 46, 87
Rivera and, 82, 85, 147, 173, 296
Spanish civil war and, 123, 249
Trotsky archives and, 139, 143
Trotsky’s denunciations of, 1–2, 10–11, 36, 44, 55, 179–80, 182–88, 195–97, 229, 230, 252, 258
WW II and, 293
Stalinism art and culture and, 160–61
Natalia on, 293
Partisan Review on, 155–57
Trotsky’s opposition to, 51–52, 153, 181–82, 212–13, 217, 221
Stalinist agents, 19, 39, 228–29. See also NKVD; and specific individuals
“Stalin’s Crimes” (Trotsky), 182
Stanford University, Trotsky archives at, 303
Stanley, Sherman, 225, 228
“Stein.” See Orlov, Alexander
Stevens, Wallace, 154
Stolberg, Benjamin, 41, 49
Stone, Hank, 125–26, 132, 134–38
“substitutionism,” 45
Sudetenland, 202
Sudoplatov, Pavel, 174–78, 200, 295
Surrealism, 59, 147–48, 158–61, 167
Svyazhsk, Battle of, 22
Symbolism, 149–50, 159
Symposium (journal), 210
Syndicalists, 123
Syndicate of Technical Workers, Painters, and Sculptors, 81
Teamsters Union, 135–38, 209, 228, 264, 277–78, 298
Ten Days That Shook the World (Reed), 75, 216
Third International. See Comintern
Thomas, Norman, 17
Thomas, Wendelin, 49, 52–53
Time, 29, 31, 181
“To the Conscience of the World” (Natalia), 63
Tolstoy, Alexis, 151
Tolstoy, Leo, 70, 148
Toluca volcano, 161
Tomsky, Mikhail, 194
totalitarianism, 211–12
Tresca, Carlo, 49
“Trials of the Mind” (Rahv), 157
Trilling, Lionel, 153–54
Trotsky, Alexandra (first wife). See Sokolovskaya, Alexandra
Trotsky, Leon (Lev Davidovich Bronstein, “Old Man,” OM, LD), 3, 4, 29, 42, 91, 110, 121, 169, 190, 224, 236, 239, 267, 274
accuses Stalin of poisoning Lenin, 196–98
affair with Frida Kahlo and, 14, 17, 58–61, 63–65, 70–71, 171, 173
aftermath of death of, 293–306
American Trotskyists and security arrangements for, 10–11, 31
American Trotskyist split over Stalinism and “Russian question” and dialectical materialism, 210–13, 222–29, 271–74
anti-Stalinist left and Partisan Review and, 152–56
archives of, and Moscow trials as sham, 10–11
archives of, at Harvard and Stanford, 56, 253–54, 282, 303
archives of, brought into exile, 118, 178–79, 252
archives of, stolen by Stalinist agents, 300, 303
arrest of, in czarist Russia and escape, 106, 215
arrives in Mexico, 8–9, 13–22, 28–31, 220–21
art and literature and, 147–67
art and politics discussions with Breton and Rivera, 164–66
assassination and death of, 282–92, 304–5
assassination attempt on, of February 1938, 93–95, 132
assassination attempt on, of May 1940, 1–8, 252–61, 279
assassination of, Kremlin role revealed in 1989, 304
asylum in Mexico offered to, with help of Rivera, 18–20
autobiography of, 75–76
awarded Order of Red Banner, 28
birthday party of, on anniversary of October Revolution, 73–75, 77
Bolshevik-Menshevik split and attack on Lenin by, 214–15, 227
Bolshevism embraced by, in Faustian pact, 45
breaks with Stalin and expelled from USSR, 175, 178–79
Breton visits, in Mexico, 147–48, 158–67
cactus hunting and gardening of, 4, 189–90, 236–37, 250
caricatures of, in USSR, 2
children of, 42–43, 67
Columbia University celebration of 100th anniversary of birth of, attended by granddaughter Yulia, 302
correspondence with Lyova, 303
correspondence with Zborowski after death of Lyova and suspicions, 142–43
danger to, in Mexico, 10–11, 31
daughter Zina’s exile and suicide and, 103–7
death of daughter-in-law Anna and, 109
death of daughter Nina and, 103
death of Lenin and, 191–94, 196–97
death of Lyova and, 94–99, 111–19, 132, 139, 142, 182
deaths of grandchildren of, 103, 107–8
defamation suit vs., by Mexican press, 274–76, 279, 283
defectors from USSR and, 141
defends USSR as workers’ state, despite Stalin’s excesses, 47, 305–6
Dewey commission of inquiry and Moscow show trials 37–54
diaries of, 62–63
Dies Committee and, 250–51
disputes Eastman and Trotskyist Minority over dialectical materialism and “Russian question,” 217–23, 234
early life of, 25–26
exiled by Stalin after expulsion from Communist Party, 8–9, 28, 99–103
exile of, in France, 8, 33, 58, 91, 109, 120, 139, 148, 181, 195
exile of, in Norway, 8–9, 86, 109–10
exile of, on Turkey’s Prinkipo island, 8, 14, 33, 58, 91, 101–3, 178–79, 188–89, 217–18, 220, 305
family of, arrested and murdered by Stalin, 78, 97, 103–8, 176–77
“fellow travelers” term invented by, 150
finances of, 135, 181–83, 188, 238, 243, 253–64
Fourth International and, 85, 204–9
Frankel’s break with, 63–64
Frida Kahlo self-portrait dedicated to, 71, 173
friendship with Fernández family, 131–32
friendship with Rivera, 87–89, 91–93, 161, 169
friendship with Rivera unravels, 147, 167–73, 195
grandson Seva and, 103–7, 109, 118, 195, 198–99, 201
grave of, in Coyoacán, 293
Herring Latin America seminar and, 272
Hippodrome speech by, on Moscow show trials, 35–37
hobbies and exercise of, 4
hobby of raising rabbits and chickens, 238–39
hunting, fishing, and exercise loved by, 91, 188–91
ill health of, in Mexico, 3–4, 55–57, 230–31, 273–77
illness of, with cryptogenic fever in Mexico, 194–96
illness of, with paratyphoid, in Russia after hunting trip, 190–92
intellectualism of, 155
Jewish ancestry and background of, 25, 91, 155
Kronstadt rebellion and, 51–54
leads Red Army to victory in Russian civil war and, 21–28, 46, 151
Left Opposition and Politburo dispute with Stalin of 1926 and, 96–97
Lenin and, 66
, 231–33
Lenin’s last testament and struggle vs. Stalin and, 96–97, 218, 233–34
Lunacharsky on organizing problems of, 213–14
marries Alexandra Sokolovskaya, 67, 106
marries Natalia Sedova, 66–67, 69–69
Marxism introduced to, by first wife Alexandra, 106
Mexican protests vs., 3, 19–20, 71–72, 250
Moscow show trial confessions explained by, 34–35
Moscow show trials and, 8–11, 14, 32–34, 110–11, 121–22, 133–34
moves to Avenida Viena after rift with Rivera, 172–73, 195, 237–38
moves to San Miguel Regla, during affair with Kahlo, 64–65, 67–71
murder of, 115
murder of secretary in Paris, and archives stolen, and suspicions about Zborowski, 139–43
Natalia’s alleged early affair and, 65–66, 68–69
Nazi-Soviet pact and, 2, 201–3
New York Fourth International broadcast by, 207–9