nicknamed “Old Man” by followers, 4
NKVD agent Harte infiltrates security staff of, 244
NKVD agent Ramón penetrates circle and household of, 207, 229, 244–46, 266–71, 273, 279–81
NKVD agent Zborowski ordered to penetrate household of, 119
NKVD agent Zborowski surveillance of papers of, in Paris, 112–14
NKVD closes in on, in Mexico, 246–52
NKVD plan to liquidate, 11
October Revolution and, 82
Orlov anonymous warnings to, on assassination plot and Zborowski, 143–46, 198–200
Orozco and, 162–64, 198–200
Party Congress of 1924 and, 34–35
“permanent revolution” theory of, 45–46
personality of, and relationship with Lyova, 102, 109–12, 115–17
personality of, demanding nature and tensions, 56, 57, 129–31, 136, 243, 283
personality of, Eastman on lack of gift for friendship, 89–91, 168, 216–17
photographs of, by Young, 235–37
picnic trip of, in last weeks of life, 273, 276–77
prisoner of ideology, 54, 305–6
propositions Frida’s sister, Cristina, 71–72
relationship with Natalia, 68–70, 118–19
relationship with son Lyova, 102, 109–12, 115–17, 276–77
reputation of, in post-glasnost Russia, 303–4
Rivera, and security furnished by, 92–93
Rivera arranges Mexican asylum for and aids with finances and security, 17–19, 86, 92–95, 132
Rivera portraits of, in Portrait of America and Man at the Crossroads, 85–86
Rivera’s revolutionary painting and, 78, 86
Rivera, Trotsky’s first contacts with, 84
Russian Revolution and, 8, 21–23, 74–77, 180, 187, 215–17, 231–33
secretary Frankel and, 56–57, 182
secretary “Van” Heijenoort and, 56–57
secretary Wolfe and, 56
secret meeting with GPU agent Blumkin on Prinkipo, 120
security and household of, in Mexico, 10–11, 31, 125–33
security for, after May 1940 assassination attempt, 262–66, 277–81
security for, at Avenida Viena house, 237–44, 251–52
security for, in Mexico, 92–95, 120–29, 132–39
son Lyova and exile of, 56, 99–103, 181
son Lyova’s Red Book on the Moscow Trial and, 110
son Lyova’s request to join, in Mexico refused by, 113–15
son Seryozha and, 61–63, 100–101
son Seryozha’s arrest and murder by Stalin, 77–78, 177
Soviet citizenship of, rescinded, 105
Soviet invasion of Poland and, 211–13
Spanish civil war and, 10–11, 123–24
Stalin orders assassination of, in Operation Duck, 174–78, 200
Stalin’s hatred for, and desire to liquidate, 9, 178–79
struggle vs. Stalin, after Lenin’s death, 89, 216
struggle vs. Stalin, after Revolution, 26–28
takes pseudonym of Leon Trotsky, 25
tension of, in Coyoacán house, 56–58, 129–31
travels to Taxco, 55–56, 201–2
travels to Veracruz for fishing, 235–36
travels with Rivera, 91–93
warns Lenin on danger of centralism, 45
World War II and, 1
writes about Moscow show trials, 14
writes “Art and Politics” for Partisan Review, 155–58
writes biography of Lenin, 2, 30, 180–83
writes biography of Stalin, 1, 2, 11, 182–88, 195–97, 229, 230, 252, 258, 253, 273–74
writes book on Moscow trials, 181–82
writes History of the Russian Revolution, translated by Eastman, 1–2, 8, 101, 156, 184, 217–18, 220, 305
writes last will and testament, 230, 234–25
writes “Lenin is no more” eulogy, 192
writes Life article on Stalin, 197–98
writes Literature and Revolution, 149–50, 155, 164–65
writes Lyova’s obituary, 117
writes magazine articles on WW II, 2
writes My Life autobiography, 8, 101, 179, 191–92
writes On Lenin, 148
writes Our Political Tasks, 215
writes “Petty-Bourgeois Opposition,” 223
writes Revolution Betrayed, 181–82, 211, 221
writes “USSR in War,” 212–13
writing by, in exile, 178–88
writing method and skill of, and dictation, 183–85, 283
WW II and, 9–10, 201–4
Trotsky, Lev “Lyova” (son). See Sedov, Leon “Lyova”
Trotsky, Natalia (second wife). See Sedova, Natalia
Trotsky, Nina (daughter). See Bronstein, Nina
Trotsky, Sergei “Seryozha” (son). See Sedov, Sergei “Seryozha”
Trotsky, Seva (grandson). See Volkov, Vsevelod “Seva”
Trotsky, Zina (daughter). See Volkova, Zinaida “Zina”
Trotskyists, 8, 101 108, 123, 140, 154–55, 161, 176. See also American Committee for the Defense of Leon Trotsky; American Trotskyists; Bolshevik-Leninists; Fourth International; French Trotskyists; Mexican League; Socialist Workers Party; and specific individuals
death of Trotsky and, 301–3
form Fourth International, 203–4
Tsaritsyn (later Stalingrad), Battle of (1918), 151
Tukhachevsky, Marshal Mikhail, 51, 52
Turkey, 8, 14, 33, 58, 91, 101–3, 178–79, 188–89, 217–18, 220, 305
Ukraine, famine of 1932–33, 46
Union for Repatriation of Russians Abroad, 143
Union of Soviet Writers, 150
United Press, 94
United States
asylum for Trotsky and, 20
WW I and, 22
U.S. House of Representatives
Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC, Dies Committee), 250
U.S. Justice Department, 298
U.S. Senate, Internal Security Subcommittee hearings, 300
Universal, El (newspaper), 172
“USSR in War, The” (Trotsky), 212–13
Van Heijenoort, Gaby, 131
Van Heijenoort, Jean “Van,” 33, 42, 56, 58, 60–61, 63–65, 70, 72, 93–95, 105–7, 110, 112, 121, 276, 298
Breton visit and, 147–48, 160–65
death of Trotsky and, 292
life of, after death of Trotsky, 300–301, 303
Rivera and, 87–88, 170
security and, 119–22, 126–27, 129–33, 137–38, 142, 239–41, 280
writing contracts and, 182
Vasconcelos, José, 79
Venida de Trotsky, La (Apollo skit), 30
Vidali, Vittorio. See Contreras, Carlos
Villa, Pancho, 78, 246
Voice of the Federation, The, 126
Volkov, Vsevelod “Seva” (grandson), 230
custody battle for, 118, 186, 195
death of parents, 103–5, 107
in exile with Lyova, 109
life of, after assassination, 295–96, 305
meets half sister Alexandra, in Russia, 304
in Mexico with Trotsky and Natalia, 4–7, 195, 198–99, 201, 238–39, 245, 253, 254, 265, 268, 287, 292
Volkova, Zina (daughter), 77, 78
daughter Alexandra meets Seva, 304
illness and death of, 99, 103–7
Voltaire, 39
Voroshilov, Kliment, 151, 157, 294–95
Voz de Mexico, La (Communist newspaper), 274
Vyshinsky, Andrei, 32, 34, 109
Waldorf-Astoria riot of 1934, 241
Washington Post, The, 53
“watchful revolutionary censorship,” 149–50
Weber, Sara, 138, 184–85, 242
Weil, Ruby, 205
“What is Living and What is Dead in Marxism?” (Partisan Review symposium), 156
What I
s to Be Done? (Lenin), 219
White Armies, 8, 22–27, 52, 232
Wilhelmshaven sailors’ revolt, 52
Wilson, Edmund, 153–54, 221
Wolf, Erwin, 123, 137, 204
Wolfe, Bernard, 55–56, 121, 122
Wolfe, Bertram, 80–82, 85–86, 156
Workers Defense League, 298
Workers Party (Minority faction of Socialist Workers Party), 271
World War I, 10, 204, 218
Russian Revolution and, 21–22, 204, 215–16
World War II, 1–2, 154, 176, 196–97, 201–4, 211–13, 228, 266, 269, 273, 282, 293, 301
Wright, John, 229
Yagoda, Genrikh, 133, 139, 197
Yanovitch, Fanny, 258
Yezhov, Nikolai, 139, 145
Young, Al, 235–41, 243, 245
Yudenich, Gen. Nikolai, 27
Zaitsev, Ivan Vasilevich, 191
Zamora, Adolfo, 303
Zamora, Francisco, 50
Zapata, Emiliano, 78, 85
Zborowski, Mark (Étienne, “Mack,” “Tulip”), 112–13, 115, 119, 139–43, 199–200, 298–301
death of Lyova and, 142
Fourth International attended by, with report to Stalin, 204–5
reported captured in German invasion of France in WW II, 269
Zinoviev, Grigory, 9, 16, 96, 176, 189, 191, 194, 304
Zola, Émile, 39, 50, 148, 160
Zollinger, Dr. Alfred, 230, 234
Zweig, Stefan, 159
About the Author
BERTRAND M. PATENAUDE is a lecturer at Stanford University, where he is a research fellow at the Hoover Institution Library and Archives. He is the author of The Big Show in Bololand: The American Relief Expedition to Soviet Russia in the Famine of 1921, which won the 2003 Marshall Shulman Book Prize. He lives in Menlo Park, California.
Visit www.AuthorTracker.com for exclusive information on your favorite HarperCollins author.
Credits
Jacket photograph courtesy of Alexander H. Buchman papers, Hoover Institution Archives
Jacket design by Jarrod Taylor
Copyright
TROTSKY. Copyright © 2009 by Bertrand M. Patenaude. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.
Adobe Digital Edition August 2009 ISBN 978-0-06-193843-6
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
About the Publisher
Australia
HarperCollins Publishers (Australia) Pty. Ltd.
25 Ryde Road (PO Box 321)
Pymble, NSW 2073, Australia
http://www.harpercollinsebooks.com.au
Canada
HarperCollins Publishers Ltd.
55 Avenue Road, Suite 2900
Toronto, ON, M5R, 3L2, Canada
http://www.harpercollinsebooks.ca
New Zealand
HarperCollinsPublishers (New Zealand) Limited
P.O. Box 1
Auckland, New Zealand
http://www.harpercollins.co.nz
United Kingdom
HarperCollins Publishers Ltd.
77-85 Fulham Palace Road
London, W6 8JB, UK
http://www.harpercollinsebooks.co.uk
United States
HarperCollins Publishers Inc.
10 East 53rd Street
New York, NY 10022
http://www.harpercollinsebooks.com