Left Opposition (Trotsky-led, in Soviet Union), 82–84, 89, 96–97, 99, 104, 106, 123, 150, 178, 201, 203, 216, 218, 233
Léger, Fernand, 246
Lenin, Vladimir Ilich, 61, 77, 81, 82, 133, 166, 208, 213, 192, 298, 304
art and literature and, 149
death of, and succession struggle, 8, 46, 191–94, 196–98, 216, 230–31, 233
health obsession of, 188
political repression and, 51, 87
Rivera murals depicting, 84–85
Russian Revolution and reconciliation with Trotsky, 8, 21, 44, 215–16, 218, 230–33
secret testament of, on Stalin, 96–97, 218, 233–34
Stalin and, 186–88, 196
Trotsky splits with, 45, 89, 214–15, 227–28
Trotsky meets, in London, 66, 231
Trotsky and, 26–27, 189
Trotsky as successor to, 157
Trotsky’s veneration of, 230–33
Trotsky’s writings depicting, 2, 30, 180–81, 192
What Is to Be Done? pamphlet of, 219
WW I and, 22
Leninism, 153, 156. See also Bolshevik-Leninists; Marxism-Leninism
“Lenin is no more” (Trotsky), 192
“Leon Sedov—Son, Friend, Fighter” (Trotsky), 117
Leon Trotsky Museum (Coyoacán), 297
liberals, 16, 18, 35, 37–38, 49–50, 53, 152–54, 157
Liberator, The (magazine), 218
Lieber, Max, 181
Life, 197–98, 299
Life Is with People (Zborowski), 299
Lipset, Seymour Martin, 154
Literature and Revolution (Trotsky), 149–50, 155, 164–65
Lithuania, 2, 222
Liushkov, Genrikh, 143–45
Lockhart, Bruce, 76–77
Lombardo Toledano, Vicente, 257, 253, 274
Los Angeles Plaza Arts Center, Siqueiros mural whitewashed at, 247
Lunacharsky, Anatoly, 213–14, 216, 231
Macdonald, Dwight, 155–57, 282–83
Machete, El (newspaper), 81, 246
MacLean, Donald, 144
Magnitogorsk steel plant, 150
Malraux, André, 160
Managerial Revolution, The (Burnham), 301
Manifesto of Surrealism (Breton), 158
Mannerheim Line, 223
Mao Zedong, 294
Marin, Frederico, 65
Martin, Kingsley, 34
Martov, Julius, 214, 217
Marx, Karl, 41, 77, 81, 84–85, 129, 160, 166, 203–4, 298
Orozco murals depicting, 164
Marx and Lenin (Eastman), 219–20
Marxism, 19, 154, 218–19
anti-Stalinist, 153–56
dialectical materialism and, 217–23, 225–27, 234, 270, 272, 283
liberal and radical disillusionment with, 271–72, 293–94, 300–303
“end justifies the means” and, 54
fascism and capitalism in, 282–83
historical materialism and, 54, 219
literature and, 148, 152–53
“permanent revolution” and Bolshevik Revolution, 45–46
Rivera and, 81
“socialism in one country” and, 46
Trotsky’s belief in, 43–44, 305–6
Trotsky’s writings and, 180
Marxism-Leninism, 10
Marxists, lifestyle of, 129
Masses (socialist magazine), 218
McCarthy, Senator Joseph, 155, 250, 301
McCarthy, Mary, 154
Mead, Margaret, 299
“Means and Ends” (Dewey), 54
Mein Kampf (Hitler), 203
Menorah Journal, 153
Mensheviks, 180, 214–17, 227–28, 273, 280, 301
Mercader, Caridad (“Mother”), 205–6, 244, 287–88, 295
Mercader, Luis, 295
Mercader, Pablo, 206
Mercader, Ramón (“Jacques Mornard” “Raymond,” “Frank Jacson”) assassinates Trotsky, 282, 284–92, 295
meets Trotskyists and penetrates household, 205–7, 229, 244–46, 266–71, 273, 279–81
recruited, 146
release of, and award from Brezhnev, 294–95
Mexican Communist Party, 3, 7, 19–20, 30, 43, 64, 71–72, 81–83, 120, 124, 160, 173, 246–47, 251, 253, 259, 275, 296
Mexican Electricians’ Union, Siqueiros mural, 248–49
Mexican League (Trotskyists), 167–68, 170–71
Mexican Ministry of Education, Rivera frescoes, 79–80, 84
Mexican muralist movement, 79–80, 86, 246
Mexican National Palace, Rivera mural, 83
Mexican police, 138, 255, 265
Mexican Revolution, 17–18, 78–79, 163, 246
Mexican secret police, 7–8, 254–61, 279
Mexican trade unions, 124
Mexico. See also specific cities and sites asylum granted to Trotsky, 9, 13–20, 28–29, 29, 48, 111, 120–21
NKVD and, post—Spanish civil war, 10
presidential election of 1940, 262–63
Rivera frescoes and, 79–80
Spanish civil war and, 123–24
Mexico City airport O’Gorman murals, 169–70
Palace of Fine Arts Rivera mural, 85–86
Militant (Trotskyist paper), 220
Milton, Harry (Wolf Kupinsky), 125–26, 134, 137
Mink, George “the Butcher,” 124–25, 137
Minneapolis truckers’ strike of 1934, 135, 264, 277–78
Modernism, 149, 152, 160–62
Modern Monthly, 153
Molinier, Jeanne Martin (lover and widow of Lyova), 98, 102, 108–9, 112, 118, 186
Molinier, Raymond, 102
Molotov, Vyacheslav, 194
Morris, George L. K., 153
Morrow, Felix, 298
Moscow Red Army Club, Rivera fresco, 82
Moscow show trials, 153, 160, 176–77, 294
(1936, first), 8–9, 14–17, 31–38, 61, 109, 120–22, 140
(1937, second), 32–49, 111, 113, 208, 275
(1938, third) “Trial of the 21,” 133–34, 211
Dewey Commission verdict on, 53–54
families of defendants threatened, 51
French commission of inquiry into, 148
poisoning accusations and, 197
Trotsky attempts to write book on, 181–82
Moustakis, Chris, 138
Múgica, Francisco, 93, 169–70, 172
Munich Agreement, 202
Murmansk, British and French occupation of, 22
Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) Rivera show, 83
Siqueiros and “Twenty Centuries of Mexican Art” show, 265
Mussolini, Benito, 123
O’Gorman caricatures of, 169–70
My Life (Trotsky), 179–80, 182–84, 191–92
“Myth of the Dialectic, The” (Wilson), 221–22
Nadja (Breton), 158
Nation, The, 37, 157
National Review, 301
Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact (1939), 2–3, 197, 201–3, 211–12, 248, 251, 305
NEP (New Economic Policy), 46
New Deal, 16, 152, 204, 212, 301
New International (journal), 210, 222
New Masses, 152, 153, 157, 247, 248
New Republic, The, 37, 157
New Statesman, The, 34
New Workers’ School, Rivera murals, 85
New York intellectuals, 152–55. See also Partisan Review
New York National Guard, 134
New York Times, The, 36, 47–50, 96, 172, 193
Nicholas II, czar of Russia, 215
1984 (Orwell), 301
Nin, Andrés, 123, 137, 144–45, 249, 299
NKVD (Soviet secret police, formerly GPU), 7, 37, 39, 53, 62–63, 70, 82, 93–94, 98–100. See also specific individuals and operations
arrests of agents by Stalin, 178
art and culture and, 161
death of Lyova and, 139–43
defectors murdered abroad by,
124, 140–43
FBI and, 298
French Trotskyists and, 141, 204–5
“Horse” network of, and Siqueiros May 1940 attempt on Trotsky, 246–55
infiltrates Trotsky Mexican residence as security, 244
“Mother” network of, and August 1940 assassination of Trotsky, 206–7, 244–46, 266–71, 273, 290, 292
murder of Nin and POUM and, 249
Orlov’s defection from, 144–46
Orlov’s revelations about, 299
Orlov warns Trotsky of assassination attempt by, 198–200
poisonings by, 197
purges of, 133
Rivera and, 172
Spanish civil war and, 10, 122–24, 172, 206–7, 251, 257
Trotsky assassination planned by, on order from Stalin, 137, 174–78, 200, 229, 244–61, 274
Trotsky inner circle penetrated by, 111–15, 117–18, 120
Noguchi, Isamu, 64
Norway, 8–9, 13–14, 43, 58, 86, 91, 109–10, 120, 181, 195
Novack, George, 15–17, 20, 29–30, 220
Obregón, Alvaro, 79, 246
O’Brien, Fanny, 202
O’Brien, Irish, 202
October (Eisenstein film), 82
October Revolution. See Russian Revolution of October 1917
O’Gorman, Juan, 168–70, 172
Mexico City airport murals, 169–70
oil nationalization, 169, 251
On Lenin (Trotsky), 148
Orlov, Alexander (“Stein”), 143–46, 198–200, 249–50, 299–300
Orozco, José Clemente, 79, 162–64, 246, 297
Creative Man mural, 163
Rebellion of Man mural, 163–64
Spanish Conquest of Mexico mural, 163
Orr, Charles, 272–73
Orr, Mrs. Charles, 272–73
Orwell, George, 125, 301
Our Political Tasks (Trotsky), 215
pacifism, 282
Pan-American committee, 172–73
Paris. See also France
Lyova flees to exile in, 108
Rivera in, 78–79
Trotskyist movement in, 8
Partisan Review, 152–57, 166, 221–22, 282–83, 300–301
Party of Workers and Peasants (Mexican), 171
perestroika, 303
permanent revolution, theory of, 45–46
Petersburg (Bely), 150
Petrograd Soviet, 180, 215
Petrograd (St. Petersburg, Russia)
Russian civil war and, 23, 27–28, 232
Russian Revolution and, 8, 75–77, 179–80, 215–16, 218
“petty bourgeois,” 223, 225–27, 272
“Petty-Bourgeois Opposition in the Socialist Workers Party, A” (Trotsky) 223
Philby, Kim, 144
Phillips, William, 152–55
Picasso, Pablo, 78
“Pit and the Pendulum, The” (Poe), 35
Planet without a Visa (French Surrealist political tract), 148
Poe, Edgar Allan, 35
pogroms, 25
Poland, 133
Nazi invasion of, 2, 197, 202, 211–12
Soviet invasion and occupation of, 211–13, 222
Politburo, 9, 187–88 (Communist Party of the Soviet Union). See also Central Committee
succession struggle after death of Lenin and, 191–92, 197
Trotsky’s expulsion from, 9, 96–97
Pollock, Jackson, 247
Popocatépetl (El Popo), 91, 161, 269
Popular, El (Mexican daily), 257, 274, 283
Popular Front, 16, 19, 37, 122–23, 152–53, 158, 206
POUM (Workers’ Party of Marxist Unification, Catalonia), 123, 125, 144, 249, 272
“Pour un Art Révolutionnaire Indépen-dant” (Breton and Rivera), 165
pragmatism, 220–21
Pravda, 31–32, 133, 192
pre-Columbian sculpture, 161
press, 14, 30, 34, 41, 47–48, 50, 53, 240–41, 250–51, 257, 274–76
proletarian culture, 149–50, 152
Proletcult (literary group), 149
Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The, 25–26
Proust, Marcel, 152
psychoanalysis, 158–60
Public Interest, The, 154
Pujol, Antonio, 248, 252
Pushkin, Alexander, 149
Pyatakov, Yuri, 32, 43, 97
Radek, Karl, 33, 89
radicals, 152–56, 218. See also left
Rahv, Philip, 152–55, 157
Rainbolt, Ray (“Rainman”), 277–78, 280, 298
Rakovsky, Christian, 31
Ray, Man, portrait of Breton, 166
Reagan, Ronald, 301
Red Army, 100
civil war and, 8, 22–28, 52, 151, 213, 232
Kronstadt rebellion and, 52–53
purges of, 51, 177
Red Book on the Moscow Trial, The (Sedov), 110
Red Guards, 23, 216
Red Terror, 51
Reed, John, 75, 216, 218
Reiss, Ignace, 113–15, 124, 140–43, 145
retablos (votive offerings), 161–62, 167
“retreat of the intellectuals,” 156, 173, 222
revisionism, 129, 211, 220–22, 294
Revolution Betrayed, The (Trotsky), 139, 181–82, 211, 221
“revolution from above,” 46
Révolution surréaliste, La (journal), 148
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 201
“Right Danger” campaign, 83
“Right-Trotskyist Bloc,” 133
Rivera, Diego, 9, 14, 57, 169, 246
affair with Cristina Kahlo, 61
arranges asylum for Trotsky, 17–20, 29–30, 71, 73–74, 84, 86
assassination attempt vs., 20, 92
becomes Trotskyist, 83
Breton visit to Trotsky and, 159, 161–65
death of Trotsky’s son Lyova and, 94–95
Detroit Industry mural, 83
financial support and aid to Trotsky, 92–95, 121, 126, 132, 181, 185
first wife of, 65
Frida Kahlo and, 59
Frida Kahlo’s affair with Trotsky and, 60–61, 64
friendship and tensions with Trotsky, 87–89, 91–93
friendship with Trotsky unravels, 147, 167–73, 195
History of Mexico, The, mural, 82–83
life of, after Trotsky’s death, 296–97
Man at the Crossroads mural, 85–86
meets Stalin, 82
MOMA show of 1931, 83
Orozco and, 163
Portrait of America mural, 85
Rockefeller Center murals of, destroyed, 83–86, 157, 169–70
Siqueiros and, 247
Trotsky and artwork of, 86, 157
works and revolutionary themes of, 59, 78–86, 80
Robespierre, 215
Robins, Harold, 5, 228–29, 241–43, 253–54, 257, 264, 272, 276, 278, 284, 286, 288, 290, 302–3
Robins, Mrs., 242–43
Rochfort, Desmond, 248
Rockefeller, Nelson, 84
Rockefeller Center, Rivera murals destroyed, 83–86, 157, 169–70
Rolland, Romain, 62
Romanovs, fall of, 45, 75, 179
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 16–17, 20, 152, 204, 240
Rorty, James, 153
Rosenthal, Gérard, 141
Rosmer, Alfred, 49, 201, 204, 242, 245, 254, 266–69, 280
Rosmer, Marguerite, 201, 242, 245, 254, 266–69, 280
Ross, Edward Alsworth, 49–50
Rubio, Pascual Ortiz, 16
Rudzutak, Yan, 194
Rühle, Otto, 41, 49
Russia, czarist, 25–26. See also Russian Revolution of October 1917; Soviet Union
Revolution of 1905, 215
Revolution of February 1917 and Provisional Government of, 22, 45, 180, 215–16
WW I and, 22–23
“Russian question,” as workers’ state, 210–13
Ru
ssian Revolution of October 1917 (Bolshevik Revolution), 8, 26, 44–47, 53, 73–78, 156, 179–80, 204, 210, 213, 216–18, 231–32. See also Bolsheviks; Mensheviks; Soviet Union; and specific organizations and individuals
civil war following, 21–28, 46, 51, 213, 232, 294
Lyova and, 99
Trotsky as hero of, 2, 21–22, 75–77
Trotsky history of, 1–2, 156, 179–81
WW I and, 10, 21–22
Russian Social Democrats 2nd congress of (Brussels, London) and Bolshevik-Menshevik split, 214–15, 227
Ruth (oil tanker), 13–14
Sacco and Vanzetti, 38, 41
St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 240
St. Petersburg, Russia. See Petrograd
Salazar, Leandro Sánchez, 7, 254–55, 257–61, 290–92, 296
Samara, Battle of, 22
San Francisco
Art Institute (formerly California School of Fine Arts), Rivera murals, 83
Stock Exchange Tower Rivera murals, 83
maritime strikes, 126
Schapiro, Meyer, 148