Balzac, Honoré de, 148
Barbarossa, Operation, 212
Barcelona, May Days of 1937, 123, 125, 246, 249, 272
Barychkin (GPU agent), 101
Beals, Carleton, 41, 47–48, 50
Bell, Daniel, 154
Bellow, Saul, 305–6
Beltrán, General, 15–16
Bely, Andrei, 150
Benitez, Melquiades (handyman), 283,
Beria, Lavrenti, 174–75, 177, 250, 294
Bill (Minneapolis guard), 135–38
Birney, Earle, 126
Blue House, 110, 121–23, 121, 132–39, 172, 182, 237, 249
becomes Museo Frida Kahlo, 296
Trotsky and Natalia arrive at, 29–39
Blumkin, Yakov, 120, 145–46
Bolshevik old guard
death of Lenin and, 192–93
rehabilitation of, by Gorbachev, 303–4
Stalin executions and imprisonment of, 9, 33–35, 78, 83, 109, 133, 177
Bolshevik Party, 8
dictatorship of the proletariat and, 44–45
first decade of power, 149
formation of, with split in Social Democrats of 1903, 214–15, 227
Kronstadt rebellion and, 51–53
Trotsky draws line between Stalinism and, 51–52
Trotsky joins, 26, 45
Trotsky’s late embrace of, 89
Bolshevik Revolution. See Revolution of October 1917
Bolshevik-Leninists (Trotskyists), 203–4, 208, 212, 224–25. See also American Trotskyists; Fourth International; Mexican League; Socialist Workers Party; Trotskyists
“bourgeous individualism,” 150
Braque, Georges, 78, 246
Bravo, Manuel Alvarez, 167
Bread (Tolstoy), 151
Brenner, Anita, 18, 248
Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of (1918), 22
Breton, André, 147–48, 158–67, 170, 172–73
Brezhnev, Leonid, 295
Britain, Battle of, 266. See also Great Britain
Bronstein, Lev Davidovich (Trotsky’s original name). See Trotsky, Leon
Bronstein, Zina (daughter by first mar-ririage). See Volkova, Zinaida “Zina”
Bronstein, Alexander (brother), 108
Bronstein, Elizaveta (sister), 108
Bronstein, Nina (daughter by first marriage), 77–78, 103
children of, 108
Buchman, Alexander. See Young, Al
Buckley, William F., Jr., 301
Bukharin, Nikolai, 83, 85, 96, 133–34, 194, 304
Bulletin of the Opposition, 8, 62, 98, 102, 116, 139, 142–43, 178
“bureaucratic collectivism” (Stalinist bureaucracy), 10, 179, 211, 301
Burgess, Guy, 144
Burnham, James, 153, 209–11, 213, 221–23, 227, 271–72, 280, 301
Caldwell, Sylvia, 298
Calles, Plutardo Elias, 18–19
Calverton, V. F, 153
Camacho, Manuel Avila, 262–63, 296–97
Cambridge spy ring, 144–45
Canfield, Cass, 184
Cannon, James (“Martin”), 126, 145, 209–11, 223, 225–28, 242, 262, 266, 269–70, 272, 293, 297–98, 301
capitalism, 204, 282–83
art and literature in, 157–58
permanent revolution theory and, 45–46
Trotsky predicts deathblow to, in WW II, 10
Cárdenas, Lázaro, 9, 248
aftermath of Trotsky’s death and, 296
asylum for Trotsky and, 15, 18–20, 28, 86, 93, 121, 124
elections of 1940 and, 171, 262–63
oil nationalized by, 169–70
Trotsky assassination investigation and, 257
Carmen (cook), 256, 257
Carter, Joseph, 210–11
Casas, Jesús Rodriguez, 64, 70, 93, 235, 237, 255–56, 259
Catalonia purge of 1937 in, 123–25, 144, 246, 249, 272
uprising of 1934, 206
Central Committee (Soviet Communist Party). See also Politburo
end of WW I and, 22
expels Trotsky from Politburo after attack on Stalin, 97, 178
Reiss and, 140
Stalin brought into, 187
Trotsky open letter to, on Zina’s death, 106
Trotsky overruled by, 26–27
centralism, 45, 214–15, 227
Chamberlain, John R., 49
Chambers, Whittaker, 181
Cheka, 114. See also GPU; NKVD
China, 203
Chupicuaro sculptures, 161
Cirque Moderne (Petrograd), 75–77, 88
class struggle, 54, 219
Cohen, Elliot, 153
Cold War, 144
Cold War liberals, 154, 301
collectivization, 46–47, 150
Collins, Alan, 182, 187–88, 195, 196
Comintern (Communist International; Third International), 10, 16, 83, 85, 123, 155, 203, 208–9, 249, 251, 274.
See also Fourth International Presidium of 1922–23, 209
Commentary, 154
communism. See also specific countries and parties art and literature and, 149, 150
Eastman breaks with, 156
Gide breaks with, 160
Stalin opposes alternatives to Soviet, 123
Communist League of America (original American Trotskyist group), 126, 209
Communist Manifesto (Marx and Engels), 219, 300
Communist parties (international)
anti-Trotsky propaganda and, 3, 30–31
support progressive and antifascist causes, 16
Spanish civil war and, 122–23
Communist Party of the Soviet Union. See also Central Committee; Politburo
20th Congress of 1956, 294
art and literature and, 149–50
Bukharin and right wing of, 133
economic experiment and NEP, 46 end of WW I and, 22
Trotsky expelled from, 8, 28
Trotsky vs. political enemies in, 26–27, 34–35
Communist Party of the United States, 16, 39, 43, 152–53, 205, 209, 219–20, 250, 298
Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM), 19, 43, 257
Contreras, Carlos (nom de guerre of Vittorio Vidali), 247–49, 251
“Conversations in Pátzcuaro” (proposed book), 164–65
Cooper, Jake, 5, 253, 298
Cornell, Charles, 5, 241, 253–54, 256–57, 260, 266, 284, 286–88, 290
Crane, Hart, 247
Cuba, 295
Cubism, 78, 158, 246
Cuernavaca, 161, 276
Czechoslovakia, 22, 295
Nazi occupation of, 177, 202, 228
Dadaism, 147, 158
Daily Worker, The, 157
Dalí, Salvador, 159
Metamorphosis of Narcissus, 159
Dandy, Dr. Walter, 290
Darkness at Noon (Koestler), 35
Dartmouth College, Orozco mural cycle, 163
Day of the Dead celebration, 74
Dead Souls (Gogol), 148
“Death Agony of Capitalism and the Tasks of the Fourth International, The” (Trotsky), 204
“Degenerate Art” exhibition, 160
democracy, 53
Detroit Institute of Arts, Rivera frescoes, 83, 86
Dewey, John, 17, 38–40, 49–51, 53–54, 134, 153, 218, 219–20
Dewey Commission (Commission of Inquiry into the Charges Made Against Leon Trotsky in the Moscow Trials), 37–40
hearings in Mexico, 40–49, 42, 55, 57, 61, 111, 122, 155, 207, 250, 305
European branch of, 148
Lyova and, 111–12, 116
New York hearings, 49–53
proceedings published, 182
verdict of, 53–54, 98, 116, 134
dialectical materialism, 217–23, 225–27, 234, 270, 272, 283
Díaz, Porfirio, 78
dictatorship of the proletariat, 44–46, 53
Dies, Martin, 250–51
Dissent, 154
Dobbs, Farrell, 228, 239,
243–44, 262, 264–66, 269–70, 275, 278, 291–92, 297–98
Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 148, 149, 163
Dreyfus, Alfred, 38–39, 50
Duck, Operation (Utka), 174–78, 200, 245, 250, 271, 295
Dunne brothers, 135
Dupee, F.W., 154
Duranty, Walter, 36, 193
Dutren, Dr., 287–88
Dzerzhinsky, Felix, 194
Eastern Europe, 293
Eastern Review, 148
Eastman, Crystal, 218
Eastman, Eliena, 234
Eastman, Max, 49, 90–91, 130, 139, 150, 156, 168, 184, 193, 233–34, 238, 301
dispute over Marxist theory and split in Trotskyists, 216–22, 234
Ehrenburg, Ilya, 87
Eisenstein, Sergei, 76, 82
Eitingon, Leonid, 200, 206, 245, 250, 271, 287, 295
Eliot, T. S., 152
Emil. See also Hansen, Emil
Encounter, 154
“End of Socialism in Russia, The” (Eastman), 156
“end justifies the means” idea, 54. See also Marxism
Engels, Friedrich, 77, 85, 129, 166, 219, 298
Enjoyment of Poetry (Eastman), 218
En Route (newspaper), 24
Estonia, 2, 222
Étienne. See Zborowski, Mark
Eugene Debs Column, 134
Excelsior (Mexican daily), 172
Extraordinary Adventures of Julio Jurenito and His Disciples, The (Ehrenburg), 87
Farrell, James T., 61, 89–90, 153–55
fascism, 157, 211–12, 248, 282–83. See also Germany, Nazi
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 265, 282, 297–300
Felipe. See Grigulevich, Iosif
“fellow travelers,” 150, 154–55
Fernández, Carlos, 131
Fernández, Graciela, 131
Fernández, Mama, 131
Fernández, Mario, 131
Fernández, Octavio, 131
Fernández, Ofelia, 131
Fernández family, 127, 131, 138
Finerty, John, 41, 47
Finland, 2
Soviet invasion of, 223–27
Five-Year Plans, 150
Flaubert, Gustave, 154
Ford, Edsel, 83
Formalism, 149
Fourth International (Trotskyists), 10, 73, 85, 87, 114, 139, 141–42, 157, 203–4, 207–9, 291, 293–94
founding congress (1938), 168, 204, 206–9
Natalia resigns from, 294
Rivera resigns from, 171–73
France, 2, 14, 18, 56
Lyova’s exile and death in, 109–19
Russian civil war and, 22
Spanish civil war and, 123, 153
Trotsky’s exile in, 8, 33, 58, 91, 109, 120, 139, 148, 181, 195
WW I and, 21
WW II and, 202, 269
Franco, Gen. Francisco, 10, 122, 123, 203, 206
Frankel, Jan, 40, 42, 56–58, 63–64, 93, 120–22, 121, 125–26, 137, 144–46, 168, 173, 182, 184–85, 195, 200, 228, 292
French Communist Party, 49, 148, 201
French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 158
French Trotskyists, 102, 118, 141, 203
Freud, Sigmund, 158, 160, 166
Futurism, 149, 158
Futuro (Mexican weekly), 257, 274
Garrett, Manny, 225
General Drivers Local 574, 135
German Communists, 41, 49, 52
German Social Democrats, 203
Germany, Nazi, 2–3, 8, 16, 108, 160, 177, 197, 201–3, 248, 251, 266, 269, 282, 301, 305
oil and, 169
Poland invaded by and, 211–13
Spanish civil war and, 122
Germany, pre-Nazi, 8, 41, 46, 49, 133
Lyova in, 102–3, 108
WW I and, 22
Gershwin, George, 247
Gide, André, 62, 160
glasnost, 303–4
Glazer, Nathan, 154
Glotzer, Albert, 103, 105, 304–6
Goethe, 149
Gogol, Nikolai, 148
Goldman, Albert, 41–43, 262, 274–75, 282, 297–98
Goncharov, Ivan, 148
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 303–4
Gorky, Maxim, 187, 231
GPU. See NKVD
Great Britain, 2, 18 133
Mexican oil boycott, 169
Russian civil war and, 22, 27
Spanish civil war and, 123
WW I and, 21
WW II and, 202, 266, 282
Great Depression, 10, 83, 204
Great Terror, 9, 62, 107, 151, 177, 210, 294
Greenberg, Clement, 154
Grigulevich, Iosif (“Felipe”), 249–53, 259, 295
Gris, Juan, 78
Guadalajara
Siqueiros and, 247
trip of 1938, 91–92
trip with Breton and visit to Orozco, 162–64, 166
Guerrero, Xavier, 81
Hansen, Emil (Minneapolis guard), 135–38, 298
Hansen, Joe, 73–74, 77, 91–92, 94, 99, 115–18, 126–32, 135, 138, 162–63, 167–68, 185, 189–90, 202, 222, 226, 242, 264–66, 272–78, 283–92, 301
Hansen, Reba, 130
Harper’s, 156, 221
Harte, Jesse Sheldon, 256, 260
Harte, Robert Sheldon “Bob” (“Bob Shields,” “Amur”), 1, 6–8, 243–44, 251–62, 297
Harvard University, Trotsky archives at, 303
Hernández, Néstor Sánchez, 258–59
Herring, Hubert, 201, 272
Hidalgo, Antonio, 73, 91, 94, 172
Hidalgo, El (train), 15, 21, 28
Hill, Joe, 17
History of the Russian Revolution, The (Trotsky), 156, 179–81, 184, 217, 220, 305
Hitler, Adolf, 2, 108, 123, 160, 177, 197, 201–3, 211–12, 241, 282
O’Gorman caricatures of, 169–70
Homage to Catalonia (Orwell), 125
Hook, Sidney, 39, 50, 153–54, 219–21, 301
Hoover Archives, 303
Houdini, Harry, 35
Howe, Irving, 154
L’Humanité (French newspaper), 49
Idols Behind Altars (Brenner), 248
industrialization, 46, 85–86
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), 209
“Intellectuals in Retreat, The” (Shachtman and Burnham), 222
International Brigade, 10, 122–23, 247–48, 259
International Congress of Red Trade Unions (Moscow, 1928), 247
International Federation of Independent Revolutionary Artists, 165–66
Introduction to Philosophical Analysis (Burnham), 210
Iskra (radical newspaper), 66, 214, 228
Italy, 122, 169, 203
Iztaccíhuatl volcano trip, 91–92
Izvestiia, 31, 192
“J’accuse” (Zola), 39
Jacson, Frank. See Mercader, Ramón
Japan, 133, 143, 203
Jews, 25, 88, 143, 155
Russian, emigrate to U.S., 302
“Joe Hill” (song), 17
John Reed Club, 152
Joyce, James, 152
Kafka, Franz, 154
Kahlo, Cristina, 57, 73, 93, 126
affair with Rivera, 61
Trotsky propositions, 72
Kahlo, Frida, 60, 276
affair with Trotsky, 58–61, 63–65, 70, 73, 171
artworks of, 59, 167
Blue House and, 30, 296
Breton and, 159, 162, 164
death of, 296
Fulang-Chang and I painting, 59–60
Henry Ford Hospital painting, 59
illness of, 57, 59, 92–93
meets Trotsky, 14, 16–17, 29
Rivera and, 80, 88–89, 91–92, 171
self-portrait of, dedicated to Trotsky, 71, 173
Trotsky-Rivera dispute and, 167–69, 171–73
Kamenev, Lev (brother-in-law), 9, 16, 91, 96, 108, 176, 187, 191, 194, 304
Kame
neva, Olga (sister), 108
Katyn Forest Massacre, 212
“Kay, Mr.,” 266
Kazakhstan, Trotsky’s exile in, 8, 101–3
Kazan, Battle of, 22–23, 25, 232
Kerensky, Alexander, 180
KGB archives, 115. See also NKVD
Khrushchev, Nikita, 33, 294, 304
Kirov, Sergei, 62, 176
Kishkin (GPU agent), 100
Klement, Rudolf, 139, 142–43, 204
Kluckhohn, Frank, 47–48, 50
Klyman, Julius, 240
Koestler, Arthur, 35
Komsomol (CommunistYouth League), 99
Konovalets, Yevkhen, 177
Korean War, 294
Kozlov (orderly), 27
Kravchenko, Victor, 299
Krestinsky, Nikolai, 187
Kristol, Irving, 154
Krivitsky, Walter, 140–43, 146, 200, 274, 299
Kronstadt rebellion (1921), 51–54
Krupskaya, Nadezhda (wife of Lenin), 197, 231, 233
Labor Action, 126
Laborde, Hernán, 20,
labor movement, 16, 18–20, 85–86, 135, 209, 246–47. See also specific organizations and strikes
La Follette, Suzanne, 39, 41, 49
Lamba, Jacqueline (wife of Breton), 159–60, 162, 164–65
Lasky, Melvin, 154
Latvia, 2, 222
left. See also specific individuals; organizations; and parties
American, 35, 154, 282
Mexican, 19
non-Communist, Soviet persecution of, 153