10. Foedera
11. Vergil
12. Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh
13. Patronage, the Crown and the Provinces in Later Medieval England
14. The site is now occupied by Bermondsey Square and Bermondsey Market.
15. Bacon
16. Okerlund: Elizabeth Wydeville
17. Okerlund: Elizabeth of York
18. For Bermondsey Abbey, see, for example, Okerlund: Elizabeth Wydeville; Edward Clarke
19. Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh
20. Ibid.
21. Lee states that she entered the convent in 1490, when her mother entered Bermondsey, but that had been in 1487.
22. More
23. “Friaries: The Dominican nuns of Dartford”; Lee; C.F.R. Palmer
24. Vergil
25. Ibid.
26. Bacon
27. Okerlund: Elizabeth of York
28. CSP Spain
29. André
30. Bacon
31. Calendar of Papal Registers
32. Original Letters Illustrative of English History
33. Starkey: Henry, Virtuous Prince
34. Leland: Collectanea
35. Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh
36. Bacon
37. Vergil
38. André
39. Bacon
11: “BRIGHT ELIZABETH”
1. Bacon
2. Gristwood
3. Bacon
4. Ibid.
5. Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh
6. Bacon
7. Rawlinson MS. 146, f. 158, Bodleian Library; Leland: Collectanea
8. Great Chronicle of London
9. This account of Elizabeth’s coronation and the attendant celebrations is based on the descriptions in Leland: Collectanea; Cotton MS. Julius B XII, f. 39; Rawlinson MS. 146, f. 161; Egerton MS. 985, f. 19; English Coronation Records
10. Norris
11. Tessa Rose
12. Probably the same scepter that Anne Neville is shown holding in the Rous Roll.
13. The King and Queen had attended Margaret’s wedding (HVIIPPE), which had taken place sometime after September 1486 (Pierce). Margaret was to bear Sir Richard five children before his death in 1505, and would name one Henry and another Arthur.
14. Parsons
15. Strong: Lost Treasures of Britain; Strong: Coronation; Tessa Rose
16. The Pageants of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, B.L. Cotton MS. Julius E IV
17. Hilliam
18. Strickland states that this poem, dated 1486, was found in an old chest at Gayton, Northamptonshire, in the 1840s. It is also cited by Davey.
19. Leland: Collectanea
12: “ELYSABETH YE QUENE”
1. Laynesmith
2. Patronage, the Crown and the Provinces in Later Medieval England
3. Calendar of Patent Rolls: Henry VII; Myers: Crown, Household and Parliament in Fifteenth-Century England; Myers: “The Household Accounts of Queen Margaret of Anjou, 1452–53”; Laynesmith; PPE; Crawford: “The Queen’s Council in the Middle Ages”
4. Crawford: “The Queen’s Council in the Middle Ages”; Patronage, the Crown and the Provinces in Later Medieval England; PPE
5. Ibid.
6. Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh; PPE
7. Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII. Ormond’s great-granddaughter, Anne Boleyn, became the second wife of Elizabeth’s son, Henry VIII.
8. Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh
9. Okerlund: Elizabeth of York
10. Crawford: “The Queen’s Council in the Middle Ages”; Patronage, the Crown and the Provinces in Later Medieval England; The Household of Edward IV; Myers: “The Household Accounts of Queen Margaret of Anjou, 1452–53”; PPE
11. Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh
12. Ibid.; PPE
13. PPE
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.; Hayward
16. PPE
17. Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh; Great Wardrobe Accounts
18. Calendar of Patent Rolls: Henry VII
19. PPE; Hayward
20. PPE
21. Ibid.
22. Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh; PPE; Norris
23. PPE
24. Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh; PPE
25. HVIIPPE
26. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
27. HVIIPPE
28. Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh; PPE
29. England in the Fifteenth Century
30. PPE
31. The Reign of Henry VII from Contemporary Sources; Dictionary of National Biography; Handbook of British Chronology
32. Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies of Great Britain; Lisle Letters
33. Given-Hilson; Beauclerk-Dewar and Powell; Lisle Letters
34. PPE
35. Patronage, the Crown and the Provinces in Later Medieval England
36. CSP Spain
38. Ibid. The later term “chambermaid” derives from “chamberer.”
39. PPE
40. Leland: Collectanea
41. Collection of Ordinances
42. PPE
43. Ibid.
44. Harris
45. Great Wardrobe Accounts; PPE
46. PPE
47. Exchequer Records E.101/415/3
48. PPE
49. Johnson
50. PPE
51. Ibid.
52. Ibid. I am indebted to historian Siobhan Clarke for the information on black clothing.
53. PPE; Hayward
54. PPE
55. Great Wardrobe Accounts; PPE; Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh
56. PPE
57. Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh; Johnson; Norris; Hayward
58. PPE
59. Alberge
60. PPE
61. HVIIPPE
62. PPE
63. Ibid.
64. Ibid.; Hayward
65. Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh
66. Licence: Elizabeth of York
67. PPE
68. Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh
69. Ibid.
70. HVIIPPE; Great Wardrobe Accounts; Exchequer Records E.101; Hayward; Gristwood
71. PPE
13: “UNBOUNDED LOVE”
1. André
2. See, for example, Jones and Underwood; Okerlund: Elizabeth of York
3. College of Arms MS. I, III, f. 10
4. Additional MS. 38, 133, f. 132b; Leland: Collectanea
5. Holinshed
6. Letters of the Queens of England, 1100–1547
7. Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh
8. One who holds lands of an overlord in exchange for knight’s service.
9. The official in charge of administration.
10. Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh
11. Charter Rolls C.53
12. Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh
13. Leland: Collectanea
14. CSP Spain
15. Ibid.
16. Hedley; Hope; Goodall. The eastern part of the gallery and the arraying chamber still survive, much altered. Elizabeth’s dining chamber is now the Queen’s Drawing Room. The site of her bedchamber is now occupied by the central room of the Royal Library. The old state apartments were extensively remodeled for Charles II in the seventeenth century, and for George IV in the nineteenth century.
17. Hentzner
18. Hayward
19. Leland: Collectanea
20. Ibid.
21. Gristwood
22. Licence: Elizabeth of York
23. CSP Spain
24. CSP Venice
25. Leland: Collectanea
26. Pierce
27. CSP Spain
28. Leland: Collectanea
29. Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh
30. Licence: Elizabeth of York
31. Cotton MS. Julius B XII; Leland: Collectanea
32. Leland: Collectanea
33. Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh; PPE
34. Leland: Collectanea; Green. Strickland, in her Lives of the Queens of Scotland, states incorrectly that the princess was christened in St. Margaret’s Church, Westminster.
35. Leland: Collectanea
36. Exchequer Records E.404; Collection of Ordinances; Original Letters Illustrative of English History; Glasheen
37. Leland: Collectanea
38. CSP Spain. When Granada finally fell in 1492, completing the centuries-long Reconquest of Spain, Te Deum was sung in St. Paul’s Cathedral. The suggestion that Ferdinand wrote to Elizabeth because he recognized her title comes from the historian Sarah Gristwood, in correspondence with the author.
39. Leland: Collectanea
40. Ibid.
41. Calendar of Patent Rolls: Henry VII
42. Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh; Starkey: Six Wives
43. Her surname is also given as Uxbridge. Later she married Walter Luke (or Locke).
44. Exchequer Records E.404
45. Lambard. These apartments do not survive.
46. Dowsing; Hedley; Thurley: The Royal Palaces of Tudor England
47. Starkey: Monarchy; Starkey: Henry, Virtuous Prince; Laynesmith
48. Starkey: Henry, Virtuous Prince; Exchequer Records E.404
49. In Henry VIII: Man and Monarch, an engraving of 1748 by George Vertue, incorrectly inscribed as Prince Henry, Prince Arthur, and Princess Margaret, is said to be based on “a no-longer-extant and possibly spurious painting of 1496.” But “Henry” is clearly older than “Margaret,” and the painting, by Jan Gossaert, which is in the Royal Collection (a copy is in the collection of the Earl of Pembroke at Wilton House, Wiltshire), in fact portrays Dorothea, John, and Christina, the children of Christian II, King of Denmark, and was painted in 1526. It is recorded in Henry VIII’s collection, but in the eighteenth century was misidentified, perhaps by Queen Caroline of Ansbach, wife of George II, as the children of Henry VII.
50. CSP Milan
51. CSP Spain
52. Vergil; André
53. CSP Spain
54. Bacon
55. Strickland
56. Lancelott
57. Bacon
58. Vergil
59. Book of Howth
60. Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III and Henry VII
61. Bacon
62. Ibid.
63. Arundel MS. 26 f. 29v
64. A Collection of all the Wills, now known to be extant, of the Kings and Queens of England
65. Arundel MS. 26 f. 29v
66. Arundel MS. 26 f. 30
67. Arundel MS. 26 f. 29v
68. Collection of Ordinances
69. PPE
70. Leland: Collectanea
71. Exchequer Records E.404
72. Household book of Henry VII as kept by John Heron Treasurer of the Chamber, 1499–1505: Additional MS. 21, 480
73. André
74. Vergil
75. Bacon
76. Ibid.
77. Vergil
78. Ibid.
79. Calendar of Patent Rolls: Henry VII
80. Mancini
81. Hepburn
82. Herbert and New; Walker
83. Stow: Annals
84. Bacon
85. Calendar of the Cecil Papers at Hatfield House; Original Letters Illustrative of English History
86. Vergil
87. Four stanzas of seven lines each in iambic pentameter.
88. Great Chronicle of London
89. Hall
90. Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III and Henry VII
91. Henry VIII: A European Court in England; Hayward. The sketch is probably a copy, dating from ca. 1515–25, of a lost original. It is inscribed “le roy Henry d’Angleterre,” but the identity of the sitter has been disputed on the grounds that the broad-brimmed feathered hat he wears over his coif is a fashion of a later date (Henry VIII: Man and Monarch). However, there are many examples of this type of headgear in the 1490s, and the high square neckline of the prince’s paltock belongs also to that period (Norris).
92. Sir Thomas Tyng to Sir John Paston, in Paston Letters
93. Hall; Cotton MS. Julius A. XVI f. 150, in Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III and Henry VII
94. Cotton MS. Julius A. XVI f. 150, in Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III and Henry VII
95. Stow: London; HVIIPPE
96. Hall
97. Ibid.
98. Bacon
99. Strickland: Buck; Hutchinson: House of Treason
100. HVIIPPE
101. Formulare Anglicanum
102. Rotuli Parliamentorum
103. Meerson
104. Hall
105. Rotuli Parliamentorum
106. Calendar of Patent Rolls: Henry VII
107. Dugdale
108. Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III and Henry VII
109. Prerogative Court of Canterbury Wills, PROB 11/10 q. 25
110. Cited by Finch
111. Stow: London
112. Thurley: The Royal Palaces of Tudor England. Baynard’s Castle was largely destroyed in 1666 during the Great Fire of London; a single turret survived until 1720. The site was excavated in 1972–75.
113. HVIIPPE
114. Ibid.
115. Draper
116. Lathom House was to be slighted and destroyed in 1645 during the Civil War. A third house was erected in its place in the eighteenth century, but only the west wing stands today (Victoria County History: Lancashire; Neil, Baldwin, and Crosby).
117. HVIIPPE
118. White Kennett’s Collections in the Lansdowne MSS.
119. Bacon
120. I am indebted to Ian Coulson for these details, and for kindly sending me his article detailing his research on the Paradise Bed, which he acquired in 2010. This research is still ongoing.
121. HVIIPPE
14: “DOUBTFUL DROPS OF ROYAL BLOOD”
1. Cotton MS. Vitellius A. XVI f. 156 gives October 7, but Stow: London, citing the tomb inscription, gives November 14. This cannot be correct, as the warrant for the funeral expenses was issued on October 26.
2. HVIIPPE
3. Ibid.; Bacon
4. HVIIPPE
5. Exchequer Records E.404; Egerton MS. 2, 642, f. 185v
6. Great Chronicle of London; Cotton MS. Vitellius A. XVI f. 156; Sandford; Lane; Strickland; Stow: London
7. Stow: London
8. PPE; Vail; Ashdown-Hill: Richard III’s “Beloved Cousyn”; Smith
9. Foedera
10. Bacon
11. CSP Spain
12. The King and Queen were in residence at Sheen from February 26 until they moved to Windsor on April 14 (HVIIPPE).
13. Records of the Keeper of the Privy Seal PSO 1; Exchequer Records E.101
14. HVIIPPE
15. Cokayne
16. HVIIPPE
17. Ibid.
18. Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies of Great Britain
19. Exchequer Records E.101; PPE
20. Miscellaneous Books E.36
21. Meerson
22. PPE
23. Starkey: Henry, Virtuous Prince
24. Ibid.
25. Erasmus: The Epistles of Erasmus
26. Skelton: The Poetical Works
27. Starkey: Henry, Virtuous Prince
28. Loades: T
udor Queens
29. PPE
30. Cited by Strickland
31. HVIIPPE; Special Collections S.C. 1/51/189
32. CSP Venice
33. HVIIPPE; Strickland; Wroe
34. The Reign of Henry VII from Contemporary Sources; Gristwood: Bruce
35. Hall
36. Ibid.
37. HVIIPPE
38. Ibid.
39. CSP Milan
40. Starkey: Henry, Virtuous Prince; Hutchinson: Young Henry
41. Starkey: Henry, Virtuous Prince
42. CSP Venice; CSP Milan
43. Bacon
44. Ibid.
45. CSP Venice
46. Ibid.
47. Letter of Henry VII in Lambeth Palace MS. 632 f. 25
48. Bacon
49. Gristwood
50. André
51. Ibid.; Gristwood
52. Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III and Henry VII
53. Wroe; Gristwood
54. Great Chronicle of London; Cotton MS. Vitellius, A XVI, f. 168; Moorhen
55. Wroe
56. Bacon
57. Meerson; Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland; Miscellaneous Books E.36; HVIIPPE; Wroe
58. HVIIPPE
59. Cotton MS. Vitellius A XVI, printed in Chronicles of London
60. CSP Venice
61. Baldwin: Elizabeth Woodville
62. Egerton MS. 616, f. 7
63. CSP Spain
64. Before the Reformation, priests were customarily given the courtesy title “sir.”
65. The Voice of the Middle Ages in Personal Letters
66. CSP Milan
67. “St. Thomas’ night,” according to The Great Chronicle of London, although CSP Milan says the night before Christmas Eve.
68. CSP Venice
69. CSP Milan
70. Ibid.
71. CSP Venice
72. Bacon
73. CSP Milan
74. Ibid.
75. Great Chronicle of London
76. CSP Milan
77. CSP Spain
78. PPE
79. HVIIPPE
80. Anglo: “The Court Festivals of Henry VII”
81. HVIIPPE
82. CSP Spain
83. Ibid.
84. Ibid.
85. Ibid.
86. Gristwood
87. CSP Spain
88. Ibid.
89. Ibid.
90. Ibid.
91. HVIIPPE
92. Capgrave
93. HVIIPPE
94. Cooper; Lyte
95. CSP Spain
96. Licence: Elizabeth of York
97. CSP Spain
98. Ibid.
99. Foedera
100. Great Chronicle of London
101. Green