102. Great Wardrobe Accounts; Exchequer Records E.101; HVIIPPE
103. The date is recorded in the Beaufort Hours, which is more likely to be correct than Ayala, who wrote that the Queen “was delivered of a son on Friday” (CSP Spain). Charles Wriothesley also gives the date incorrectly as February 22.
104. Great Wardrobe Accounts; HVIIPPE
105. CSP Spain
106. Gristwood
107. CSP Spain
108. HVIIPPE
109. Wriothesley
110. Including your author in Britain’s Royal Families.
111. Lenz Harvey: The Rose and the Thorn
112. Hutchinson: Young Henry; Gristwood
113. Lenz-Harvey, in Elizabeth of York, says that grief over Princess Elizabeth’s death caused the Queen to give birth to a son too small to survive.
114. Loades: Mary Rose, although he says that Elizabeth had “an abortive pregnancy”; Norton: England’s Queens, but she incorrectly gives the date of Princess Elizabeth’s death as 1497 and—like Lenz-Harvey in Elizabeth of York—the date of Princess Mary’s birth as 1498, as Holinshed wrongly has it.
115. King’s MS. 395, ff. 32v-33
116. For example, Chrimes
117. Leland: Itinerary. The house was destroyed during the Civil War and rebuilt in the early eighteenth century.
118. CSP Spain
119. Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies of Great Britain
120. HVIIPPE
121. The occasion was immortalized in a fresco executed in 1910 in the Palace of Westminster by F. W. Cowper, although it was incorrectly set at Greenwich; and in stained glass made in 1881 for St. Mary’s Church, Bury St. Edmunds.
122. “Britain Personified,” in Erasmus: The Epistles of Erasmus
123. Erasmus: The Epistles of Erasmus
124. Letter of Cardinal Reginald Pole of September 7, 1549, in CSP Venice
125. CSP Spain
126. Records of the Court of King’s Bench: Indictments Files KB 9/390, 84–86
127. Hall
128. HVIIPPE
129. Moorhen
130. CSP Spain
15: “THE SPANISH INFANTA”
1. CSP Spain
2. Bacon
3. CSP Spain
4. Ibid.
5. Chronicle of Calais; Wroe
6. CSP Spain
7. Bacon
8. Great Wardrobe Accounts
9. Ibid.; Wardrobe Indentures in Exchequer Records E.101
10. Chrimes; Loades: Mary Rose
11. PPE
12. Grafton; Chronicle of Calais; CSP Spain
13. This red-brick palace had been built around 1480–85 by Cardinal Morton when he was Bishop of Ely. It is famous as the palace where Prince Edmund’s great-niece, Elizabeth I, spent much of her youth and learned of her accession. Only the great hall and one tower of the old palace remain today, the rest having been pulled down in 1607–08 when Robert Cecil was building Hatfield House. For Arthur’s health see p. 374 and note 49.
14. HVIIPPE
15. Ibid.
16. Collection of Ordinances
17. Chronicles of London
18. Thurley: The Royal Palaces of Tudor England; Victoria County History: Kent; Jones and Underwood. Greenwich Palace and the Observants’ church were demolished in the reign of Charles II. Today, the Queen’s House and the National Maritime Museum occupy the site.
19. CSP Spain
20. HVIIPPE
21. Exchequer Records E.101
22. Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III and Henry VII
23. CSP Spain
24. Cotton MS. Vitellius A XVI
25. Harleian MS. 69
26. Orders of the Privy Council, cited Okerlund: Elizabeth of York
27. CSP Spain
28. Ibid.
29. Great Chronicle of London
30. Account of Lancaster Herald, in Antiquarian Repertory
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.; The Receyt of the Lady Katherine; Thurley: The Royal Palaces of Tudor England; Dowsing; Hedley; Fletcher
34. Great Chronicle of London
35. The Receyt of the Lady Katherine; Thurley: The Royal Palaces of Tudor England; Victoria County History: Surrey. All that substantially remains of the palace today is the original gatehouse, which bears the arms of Henry VII above the entrance arch.
36. The Receyt of the Lady Katherine
37. Jones and Underwood
38. Harleian MS. 69
39. The Receyt of the Lady Katherine; Leland: Collectanea
40. This account of Katherine’s reception, her wedding, and the celebrations that followed is based on descriptions and information in The Receyt of the Lady Katherine; Hall; Cotton MS. Vitellius XVI; Cotton MS. Vitellius CXI; Harleian MS. 69; Great Chronicle of London; HVIIPPE; Leland: Collectanea; Cowie; Gristwood; Davey; Stow: London
41. Maria Perry; Cokayne
42. CSP Spain
43. Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid.
46. Ibid.
47. Real Academia de Historia MS. 9–4674, cited by Tremlett
48. Cited by Tremlett
49. Fuensalida. Letter to Ferdinand and Isabella, July 25, 1500, cited Patrick Williams.
50. “Low” dances: elegant, measured dances in which there are no jumps or capers and the feet do not leave the floor.
51. Antiquarian Repertory
52. The Receyt of the Lady Katherine
53. CSP Spain
54. Ibid.; Fraser: The Six Wives of Henry VIII; Starkey: Six Wives
55. Foedera
56. Account of Somerset Herald, in Leland: Collectanea
57. PPE
58. College of Arms MSS.: Collection of Miscellany I, f. 84b-91; Cotton MS. Vitellius A XVI, f. 282; Leland: Collectanea
59. PPE
60. Treasurer’s Accounts, September 1502, Register House, Edinburgh
16: “ENDURING EVIL THINGS”
1. CSP Milan
2. Grafton
3. Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII
4. Chronicle of the Grey Friars of London; Seward: The Last White Rose
5. Cunningham: Henry VII
6. Durant
7. Ibid.
8. Rotuli Parliamentorum; Seward: The Last White Rose. Courtenay was to remain in the Tower for the rest of Henry VII’s reign, and would not be released until 1509; he died in 1511.
9. PPE
10. It was published as Privy Purse Expenses of Elizabeth of York by Nicholas Harris Nicolas in 1830, and is referred to here as PPE.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. PPE
15. Lambeth Palace MS. 371. Elizabeth’s son, Henry VIII, would visit this shrine in 1521.
16. Probably St. Mary’s Priory, Binham, Norfolk.
17. PPE; Victoria County History: Suffolk
18. Tewkesbury Annals, in Kingsford: English Historical Literature in the Fifteenth Century; Laynesmith
19. PPE; Wriothesley; Laynesmith; Chapter Records
20. PPE; The Catholic Encyclopaedia; Ed West; The Shrine
21. Tremlett
22. PPE
23. Ibid.
24. Burton; Gothic
25. PPE
26. Ibid.; Worsley and Souden; Thurley: Hampton Court Palace. In 1505, Daubeney acquired a new lease on the property that effectively conferred on him the rights of a freeholder. He lived at Hampton until his death in 1508. His house was leased in 1514 to Cardinal Wolsey and subsequently largely demolished to make way for the great palace. The outline of his courtyard range is marked out in red bricks in the courtyard of Clock Court. Hampton Court later came into the possession of Henry VIII, and became one of his favorite residences.
27. PPE
28. Gristwood
29. PPE
30. Leland: Collect
anea; Antiquarian Repertory; Starkey: Six Wives. The time was recorded on a plaque in St. Laurence’s Church, Ludlow, which was seen by Thomas Dineley in 1684 (Dineley; David Lloyd).
31. Hall
32. Leland: Collectanea
33. Faraday; David Lloyd
34. Kevin Cunningham
35. Leland: Collectanea
36. Real Academia de Historia, MS. 9–4674, cited Tremlett
37. Licence: Elizabeth of York
38. Starkey: Six Wives
39. Loades: The Tudors
40. “An Account of the Death and Interment of Prince Arthur”: anonymous herald’s journal, in Leland: Collectanea
41. PPE
42. Collection of Ordinances
43. PPE
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid.
46. Benham; Cheung
47. CSP Spain: letter of Ferdinand and Isabella to de Puebla, dated April 15, quoted further on in the text.
48. PPE
49. André
50. André: Hymi Christiani Bernardae Andreae poetae Regii
51. The Receyt of the Lady Katherine
52. Body Parts and Bodies
53. Grafton
54. “An Account of the Death and Interment of Prince Arthur”: anonymous herald’s journal, in Leland: Collectanea
55. Grafton
56. Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII
57. Bruce
58. PPE
59. Röhrkasten
60. PPE
61. Keene and Harding; Röhrkasten
62. Brian Spencer, in Tudor-Craig; Röhrkasten
63. Ibid.
64. PPE
65. Hall, Stow: Annals
66. Bacon; More
67. Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III and Henry VII
68. Hicks: Edward V
69. Chrimes
70. Chronicles of London
71. Hicks: Edward V
72. PPE
73. Ibid.
74. CSP Spain
75. PPE
76. CSP Spain
77. PPE
78. Ibid.
79. Ibid.
80. CSP Spain
81. Ibid.
82. Ibid.
83. Fox
17: “THE HAND OF GOD”
1. PPE
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Additional MS. 59, 899 f. 24
7. Goodall; Thurley: The Royal Palaces of Tudor England; Laynesmith
8. Ibid.
9. PPE; Cokayne; Rotuli Parliamentorum
10. Jones and Underwood; PPE
11. Meerson; Jones and Underwood; Cokayne; Rotuli Parliamentorum
12. Ibid. Centuries later Notley would be the home of actors Sir Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Cunningham: Henry VII
16. Zita West
17. PPE
18. Ibid.
19. See, for example, Buckland. The Monmouth and Skenfrith vestments are now at the Welsh Folk Museum at St. Fagan’s.
20. PPE
21. HVIIPPE
22. PPE
23. See, for example, Buckland
24. PPE
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. HVIIPPE
29. PPE
30. Around 1708, during repairs to the hall, the skeleton of a man found seated at a table in an underground vault was thought to be his.
31. PPE; The Catholic Encyclopaedia; Ed West
32. PPE; Palmer: Royal England
33. PPE
34. Herald’s account in Cotton MS. Vitellius
35. PPE
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid.
39. Ibid. Seymour’s daughter Jane was later to marry Henry VIII.
40. Ibid.
41. Ibid.
42. Wriothesley
43. PPE
44. Ibid.; Leland: Collectanea; Additional MS. 71009, f. 15v; Penn
45. HVIIPPE
46. PPE
47. “Lamentation,” in More: Complete Works
48. Royal MS. 12b VI
49. PPE
50. Cunningham: Henry VII
51. PPE
52. Anne’s coffin was reburied in the Minoresses’ convent at Stepney, where it was discovered during excavations in 1964. Examination of the teeth showed a familial link with the skeletons found in the Tower in 1674. The remains were then reburied in Westminster Abbey, as near as possible to their original resting place.
53. Astle
54. Stow: London
55. Henry VII’s unfinished chapel at Windsor was be lavishly completed by Cardinal Wolsey to house his own tomb. Later it was remodeled by Queen Victoria as the Albert Memorial Chapel.
56. Astle
57. PPE; Cloake: Richmond Palace; Thurley: The Royal Palaces of Tudor England
59. In 1506, Henry VII also built a gallery leading from the Lanthorn Tower to the Salt Tower, which appears on a 1597 plan of the Tower as “the Queen’s Gallery”—and created a privy garden below.
60. These were the rooms lavishly refurbished in 1533 for Anne Boleyn’s sojourn prior to her coronation. Thurley: The Royal Palaces of Tudor England; Goodall; Impey and Parnell; Keay
61. PPE
62. Leland: Collectanea
63. PPE
64. Ibid.
65. Additional MS. 45161, ff. 41–2, reproduced in Antiquarian Repertory; Great Chronicle of London
66. Herald’s account in Cotton MS. Vitellius
67. PPE
68. Cotton MS. Vitellius; Great Chronicle of London; Grafton
69. More: “Lamentation,” in Complete Works
70. HVIIPPE
71. Redstone. The chapel was demolished in 1547.
72. Grafton; Great Chronicle of London
73. Strickland
74. Sandford
75. Green
76. Cunningham: Henry VII
77. PPE
78. Wriothesley; Great Chronicle of London; Grafton
79. Additional MS. 45161, ff. 41–2, reproduced in Antiquarian Repertory; PPE
80. Additional MS. 45161, ff. 41–2, reproduced in Antiquarian Repertory
81. Ibid.
82. Exchequer Records E.101; Hayward
83. Holinshed
84. Additional MS. 45161, ff. 41–2, reproduced in Antiquarian Repertory; Cunningham: Henry VII
85. Additional MS. 45161, ff. 41–2, reproduced in Antiquarian Repertory
86. PPE
87. Richardson: Mary Tudor, the White Queen; Loades: Mary Rose
88. Hayward
89. Additional MS. 45133, f. 141v; Jones and Underwood
90. Records of the Lord Chamberlain, LC 2/1, f. 59–78; Great Wardrobe Accounts
91. Additional MS. 45161, ff. 41–2, reproduced in Antiquarian Repertory
92. Great Chronicle of London
93. It is often stated that Elizabeth lay in state in the beautiful Norman chapel of St. John the Evangelist, the chapel used by the monarch when in residence in the Tower. Dating from ca. 1078–80, it rises through two floors of the upper levels of the White Tower, the ancient keep. Its sanctuary and nave are encircled by Romanesque arches, a continuous ambulatory, and flanking aisles. It is a rare survival, one of the most perfect Norman chapels still in existence. However, The Great Chronicle of London clearly states that Elizabeth lay in state in “the parish church of the Tower,” which is St. Peter ad Vincula, where her daughter had been christened just eight days earlier. It would make sense that St. Peter’s was chosen, given the logistics of carrying the coffin up and down the spiral stairs to St. John’s Chapel.
94. Additional MS. 45161, ff. 41–2, reproduced in Antiquarian Repertory
95. Ibid.
96. Herald’s account in College of Arms MS. I, IX, f. 27
18: “HERE LIETH THE FRESH FLOWER OF PLANTAGENET”
1. CSP Spain
2. Treasurer’s Accounts, Register Office, Edinburgh
3. Buchanan
4. “Isabel” is the form of “Elizabeth” in some countries.
5. Balliol College Oxford MS. 354, ff. 175–76; B.L. Sloane MS. 1825, ff. 88v-89; printed in More: Complete Works; Tromly
6. Tromly
7. Bacon
8. It has been suggested that she was buried with her mother (Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales); if so, she was left undisturbed in Elizabeth’s temporary grave (described further on in the chapter), for her coffin was not found in Henry VII’s vault, and the anthropoid coffin of the Queen could not have accommodated the corpse of an infant.
9. Balliol College, Oxford MS. 354, f. 176
10. HVIIPPE. The funeral accounts are in Antiquarian Repertory.
11. Gristwood
12. This account of the Queen’s funeral is based on those in College of Arms MS. 1, ff. 27r-32r; Additional MS. 45131, ff. 41v-47, which includes the account of Charles Wriothesley, Windsor Herald; College of Arms MS. I, III, ff. 23, 24; Additional MS. 45161, ff. 41–42, reproduced in Antiquarian Repertory; Fabyan; Records of the Skinners of London
13. Additional MS. 45161, ff. 41–42, reproduced in Antiquarian Repertory
14. The accounts for the effigy—in Records of the Lord Chamberlain, LC 2/1 f. 46PRO LC/1/2, ff. 46v-48v—are the first that survive for a royal funeral effigy.
15. Howgrave-Graham
16. Ibid.
17. Records of the Lord Chamberlain, LC 2/1 f. 46PRO LC/1/2, ff. 46v-48v; St. John Hope
18. Additional MS. 45161, ff. 41–42, reproduced in Antiquarian Repertory
19. Those of London, Salisbury, Lincoln, Exeter, Rochester, Norwich, Llandaff, and Bangor.
20. Records of the Lord Chamberlain LC 2/1, f. 48–49
21. Additional MS. 45161, ff. 41–42, reproduced in Antiquarian Repertory; Records of the Lord Chamberlain, LC 2/1. F. 46, 52
22. Fabyan
23. Astle
24. Records of the Lord Chamberlain, LC 2/1, f. 53
25. Westminster Abbey Muniments 6637, f. 2–6
26. A Collection of all the Wills, now known to be extant, of the Kings and Queens of England; Astle
27. CSP Spain; Doran; Gristwood; Penn
28. Rex: The Tudors
29. Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III and Henry VII
30. Exchequer Records E.101
31. Grafton
32. Hayward
33. HVIIPPE
34. CSP Spain
35. Astle
36. Cited by Williams in Henry VIII and his Court