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INDEX
The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. The link provided will take you to the beginning of that print page. You may need to scroll forward from that location to find the corresponding reference on your e-reader.
Adolf of Nassau, 219
Agobard, 217
Agrarian Life of the Middle Ages, The (Postan), 97
agriculture, 29–30, 31, 82
crop rotation system in, 125
land captured for, 18–19, 34, 68, 97–100
land measures and, 147
medieval, inefficiency of, 155
Medieval Warm Period and, 13, 17–18, 32
nitrogen and, 99, 146
physical hardships associated with, 83–84
plows in, 125–26, 186–87
rain and, 122–23, 124, 128–29
soil and, 124–25, 127–28, 146, 150
techniques used in, 98, 99–100
and wartime attacks on farms, 121, 139
albedo, 10n, 137
Airmyn, William, 235
Albert of Habsburg, 219
Alcuin, 80
Alice de Lacy (wife of earl of Lancaster), 177, 207
Alexander II, King, 36, 63
Alexander II, Pope, 32
Alexander III, King, 36–38, 40, 39–40, 41, 73, 104, 251
Amiens Cathedral, 192
Anarchy, 35
Angell, Norman, 100–101
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, The, 24
Annales (Trokelowe), 135–36
Annals of Connacht, 180
annuities, 202–3
Apocalypse Tapestry, 259
Arctic Ocean, 140
Arnold, David, 133
Atlantic Gulf Stream, 140
atmosphere, 9–10
Avignon papacy, 167–68
Aymer de Valence, see Pembroke, Aymer de Valence, earl of
Azores High, 12–13, 67–68
Badenoch, John Comyn, lord of, 39, 46n, 48, 54, 60–61, 66, 75, 103
Bruce and, 76–78
Bruce’s murder of, 77, 81, 101
Badlesmere, Bartholomew de, 176–77, 195–96, 207
Badlesmere, Lady, 196
Baldock, Robert, 243, 245
Balliol, Edward, 241, 254
Balliol, King John, 43–46, 48–52, 54, 55, 58, 60, 65–66, 75, 103, 104
Baltic Sea, 180, 197, 224
Bannockburn, Battle of, 112–21, 122, 128, 138, 176, 182, 183, 206, 229
map of, 116
Barbour, John, 76, 77, 81, 101–2, 111, 118, 209
Barrow, Geoffrey W. S., 71
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), 157, 159
Basset, Ralph, 234
Becket, Thomas, 182
beer and ale, 138–39, 144, 153, 154–55, 157, 224
Bek, Antony, 47, 91
Benedict XII, Pope, 225
Benedictines, 163
Berwick, 40–42, 47, 49, 51–54, 101, 104–5, 110–11, 180–81, 182, 183, 194, 200
campaign of 1319, 188–90
Birger II, King, 174
Black Death, 160, 163, 200, 256
Blanche of Burgundy, 171–72
Bloch, Marc, 149
Blount, Thomas, 247
Boendale, Jan van, 162
Bolton Priory, 156, 180
Boniface VIII, Pope, 62, 64–65, 219
Boniface IX, Pope, 166
bordars, 33, 126
Bracton, Henry de, 126
Braudel, Fernand, 145
Braveheart, 71
Bren, Llywelyn, 128
Bristol, 128
Bruce, Alexander, 75–76, 85
Bruce, David, 254
Bruce, Edward, 75, 110, 111, 114, 115, 118, 179–80
Bruce, Elizabeth, 84
Bruce, Marjorie, 254
Bruce, Mary, 84
Bruce, Neil, 85
Bruce, Robert (Guardian of Scotland; King Robert II), 1–2, 4, 45–46, 60, 61, 66, 73, 75–78, 84–87, 101, 103–6, 109–21, 139–40, 150, 165, 176, 205, 208, 210, 211, 217, 220, 238, 241, 249, 251, 252, 255
at Bannockburn, 112–21, 128
Berwick and, 180–81, 182, 188 190
Comyn (earl of Buchan) and, 103
Comyn (lord of Badenoch) and, 76–78
Comyn (lord of Badenoch) murdered by, 77, 81, 101
coronation of, 78
death of, 252–53
Declaration of Arbroath and, 191
Douglas and, 101–5, 176
Edward II and, 107, 111–21, 122, 173, 191, 194, 227, 233, 250
Elizabeth de Burgh’s marriage to, 66–67
Isabella and, 240, 241
Wallace and, 76
Bruce, Robert, lord of Annandale (son of the Competitor), 45, 48, 51–52, 55, 58
Bruce, Robert, the Competitor, 43–44, 45, 48, 104
Brus, Le (Barbour), 76, 77, 81, 101–2, 111, 118, 209
Bruges Matin, 69
Buchan, John Comyn, earl of, 39, 46, 54, 66, 103
Burgundy, 171, 218
Burns, Robert, 120, 255
Burton, Thomas, 79
Bury St. Edmunds, 149
Caerphilly Castle, 128, 244–45
Cambridge Economic History of Europe, 97
cannibalism, 135–36, 231
Capitulation of Irvine, 52, 66
carbon dioxide (CO2), 137, 257
Carolingian Empire, 32, 215
division of, 67, 170–71, 217, 227
Catholic Church, 3, 62–63, 151, 167, 169, 217, 237
Crusades, 168–69, 192, 221, 252
papacy, see papacy
cattle, 143, 155–57, 159, 180, 210
oxen, 186–87, 190, 209
plagues of (murrains), 184–87, 190, 199, 209, 220
Cauche, Margot, 205
cavalry, 26, 27, 47, 57–58, 70, 86, 112n, 114, 118, 181, 209
charity, 203
Charlemagne, 20, 26, 27, 32n, 35, 67, 215, 217, 220n
division of empire of, 67, 170–71, 217, 227
Charles III, King, 20
Charles IV, King, 171, 172, 233–34, 238–39, 255
Charles V, King, 164, 181–82
Charter of the Forest, 56n, 108
cheese, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 174, 224
China, 131, 133, 135, 258
Christendom, 62, 65, 167, 168, 217
Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis, The, 123
Chronicle of Jean Froissart, 245–46
Chronicle of Joshua the Stylite, 130
Chronicle of Lanercost, The, 37, 42, 53–54, 105, 109, 139, 178, 190, 211
Chronicle of Sigismund Rositz, 225
Chronicles of the Mayors and Sheriffs of London, 136–37
Chronographia regum francorum, 179
Cistercians, 62, 152, 163, 226
cities and towns, 200–202, 204
Clark, Gregory, 100
Clement V, Pope, 80, 107, 166–67, 169, 170, 219, 230
death of, 170n
Clifford, Robert de, 47, 51, 52, 105, 206
climate, 5, 9, 63–64, 136
conveyor belts of (map), 14
climate change, 36, 136, 137–38, 257
ice ages, 9, 137
man-made, 12, 138n
Medieval Warm Period, see Medieval Warm Period
Cluniac order, 62
Cnut the Great, 20n, 21
Comyn, John (son of John Comyn, lord of Badenoch), 111, 119
Comyn, John, earl of Buchan, see Buchan, John Comyn, earl of
Comyn, John, lord of Badenoch, see Badenoch, John Comyn, lord of
Confirmation of the Charters, 56
Constantine, Emperor, 214
Constantinople, 214
cottagers (bordars), 33, 126
Courtrai, Battle of (Battle of the Golden Spurs), 69–71, 86, 113–14, 119, 161, 162, 229
Cressingham, Hugh de, 49, 53–54, 57
crime, 134–36
Cromwell, Oliver, 255
Crusades, 168–69, 192, 221, 252
“Curse Upon Edward, The” (Gray), 250
Dafydd ap Gruffydd, 74–75
d’Amory, Roger, 177
Dampierre, Guy de, 68, 69
Dante Alighieri, 166n, 219
d’Argentan, Giles, 111
d’Aulnay, Gautier, 171–72
d’Aulnay, Philippe, 171–72
David I, King, 36, 39, 43–44
de Audley, Hugh, 177–78
de Burgh, Richard, 66
de Charny, Geoffroi, 113, 169–70
Declaration of Arbroath, 191, 193, 227n
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Gibbon), 8, 27
Delbrück, Hans, 228
demesne, 31, 82
de Molay, Jacques, 168–70
De Monarchia (Dante), 219
de Monthermer, Ralph, 77
de Moravia, David, 78
De Mortibus Bovum (Endelechius), 184
dependencies, 31
de Reading, Robert, 79
de Soulis, John, 61–62, 64
Despenser, Hugh, the Elder, 178, 194, 195, 205, 206n, 207, 208, 235–36, 240–44
execution of, 244
Despenser, Hugh, the Younger, 178–79, 182, 188–89, 190, 192, 194–95, 205, 206n, 207, 208, 211, 235–36, 238–45
execution of, 245–46
Díaz de Gómez, Gutierre, 113
diets, 153–58
strange, 159
see also food
disease, infectious, 159–60, 225
Distant Mirror, A (Tuchman), 77, 256
Divine Comedy (Dante), 166n
Domesday Book, 33, 82, 126, 149
Douglas, James, 101–5, 109–10, 111, 118, 122, 139, 176, 181, 188–90, 205, 210–11 248–49, 251–53, 254
Douglas, William, 47, 51, 52, 101, 181
Dubois, Pierre, 121
Dumas, Alexandre, 172
Dun, Thomas, 175
Dunheved, Stephen, 249
Dunheved, Thomas, 249
East Greenland Current, 16
Edinburgh Castle, 110
Edward I, King (Edward Longshanks), 4, 39–53, 55–58, 60, 61, 63–68, 71–77, 80–81, 84, 88, 90–94, 101, 126, 175, 178, 181, 183, 212, 219, 250n
death of, 87, 88, 91, 103
relationship with son, 78–80, 88
at Stirling Castle, 73–74, 76, 109, 128
Wallace and, 74–75
wool tax and, 198–99
Edward II, King, 71–73, 81, 87, 91, 101, 104, 106, 108–9, 122, 128, 139–40, 158, 173–74, 182, 207–8, 210–11, 220, 233–35, 238–51
abdication of, 246–48
armies and, 173
banishment of, 79, 80
at Bannockburn, 112–21
birth of, 72
Bruce and, 107, 111–21, 122, 173, 191, 194, 227, 23
3, 250
Charles IV and, 233–34, 238–39
coronation of, 91–92, 93
death of, 249–50
Despensers exiled by, 195
Despensers recalled by, 205, 207, 208
expenses of, 72–73
in France, 166, 171
Gaveston and, 79, 80, 88–96, 104, 183, 189, 195, 210
Gaveston’s murder and, 96, 107, 108, 165, 195, 207
Great Famine and, 128, 142, 173, 174, 176, 183, 187, 250–51
hobbies of, 73, 120
Holy Oil pursued by, 182
imprisonment of, 245, 246, 248, 249
Isabella’s marriage to, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 13, 17, 20, 71, 80, 89, 90–91
John of Powderham and, 182–83
knighting of, 81
Lancaster sentenced by, 206–7
nobility and, 92–95
Ordinances of 1311 and, 95, 105, 107–8, 111, 128, 138, 207
Philip V and, 192–94
piracy and, 175
psalter commissioned by, 176, 184
relationship with father, 78–80, 88
rents and, 202
at Saint Albans, 142, 150
in Scotland campaigns, 81, 103, 104–5, 107, 111–21
taxes imposed by, 108, 138, 139
Edward III, King, 4, 171, 188, 239, 241, 244, 247–49, 251, 252, 254, 255, 256
birth of, 165
coronation of, 247
Edward the Confessor, 21, 23, 33, 91
Egypt, 129–30, 133, 222
Eleanor de Clare, 178, 235
Eleanor of Aquitaine, 35
Eleanor of Castile, 72, 88, 90
Elizabeth I, Queen, 254
Elizabeth de Burgh, 66–67, 251
Elizabeth de Clare, 154n, 177
El Niño, 132
Endelechius, Severus Sanctus, 184
England, 60, 168, 218
expulsion of Jews from, 46
financial crisis in, 175
France and, 40, 44–45, 67, 71, 108, 238
in Hundred Years’ War, 256
in Medieval Warm Period (map), 41
Model Parliament of, 94
Norman Conquest of, 21–28, 29, 31, 35, 38
population growth in, 17
Scotland and, 4–5, 35–58, 60–62, 64–67, 71, 73–75, 78, 80–81, 85–87, 101–6, 107–21, 139–40, 188–91, 198–99, 208–11, 238, 241, 242, 248, 251, 254–55
ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation), 132
epizootics, 186
Eric II, King, 223
Erik II, King, 37–38, 40
Erik the Red, 13–16, 17, 19, 224
Espilleet, Jacquette, 205
Exodus, 4, 43, 184