Louisiana Purchase and, 314–315
Madison, James, in, 48–49, 52–53, 80, 84–85, 88, 93–94, 98, 102, 137–138, 143–144, 172, 187–189, 191–193, 202–203, 219–224
Randolph, John, as majority leader of, 314, 337, 346
Tertium Quids in, 346–347, 357, 361–362, 369–370
Hull, William, 372–374
Humphreys, David, 39, 50, 224
Impeachment
of Chase, 323, 337, 339–344, 346, 352, 386
of Johnson, 385–386
of judges, 322–323, 337, 339–344, 346, 352, 386
of Pickering, John, 322–323, 339
Imperial Virginia, 318–319
Implied powers, 102–103, 309, 314–315
Import duties, 11, 51–52, 99, 186, 207, 359
Impoundment, 389
Impressment, 347, 357, 359, 378
Inauguration
of Adams, John, 245–247
of Jefferson, Thomas, 288–289, 344, 383
of Madison, James, 368
of Washington, George, 50–51, 53–54
Independent Chronicle, 310–311
Independent Gazetteer, 208–209
Indians
Creek, 74–75, 116, 155, 168, 206, 215, 377
Great Britain and, 75, 117, 190, 192, 200, 219, 373
Miami, 75, 116, 168, 191
Shawnee, 75, 116, 371
U.S. conflict with, 74–75, 115–117, 120, 155, 168, 184, 190, 192, 199–200, 215, 371
Iredell, James, 251
Irving, Washington, 70
Jackson, Andrew, 346, 352, 377, 380–382
Jackson, James, 87
Jackson, William, 70–71
Jacobins
in French Revolution, 141, 145–147, 149, 163, 182, 194, 197, 205, 227
in U.S., 256, 260–261, 276, 289, 340
Jay, John, 29, 31, 64, 67, 330
as Chief Justice, 76, 136, 173, 176–177, 180, 193
The Federalist and, 38–39
as governor of New York, 284
Great Britain’s treaty with, 193, 195, 203, 205–213, 215, 217, 219–225, 227–228, 248, 259
Jay Treaty negotiated by, 193, 195, 203, 205–210, 212, 217, 220, 222
Mississippi River access and, 12, 14, 193
on neutrality, 173
Jay Treaty
Democratic-Republican Party and, 208–209, 212, 217, 219–224
Federalists and, 208, 212, 220–221
Hamilton, Alexander, and, 210–213
House of Representatives and, 212–213, 219–224
Jay negotiating, 193, 195, 203, 205–210, 212, 217, 220, 222
Jefferson, Thomas, and, 209–210, 220–221, 224–225
Madison, James, and, 208, 217, 219–224, 230
replacement of, 347, 369, 372
Washington, George, and, 193, 195, 203, 205–208, 210–213, 215, 217, 219–221, 223–225, 227–228, 230, 248
Jefferson, Lucy Elizabeth (daughter), 23
Jefferson, Martha (daughter), 26–27, 32, 89, 263, 366
Jefferson, Martha (wife), 22–24, 26
Jefferson, Thomas
“An Account of Louisiana” published by, 321
Adams, John, and, 3, 18, 35–36, 55, 66, 91–92, 112–113, 186, 242, 247, 288
Alien and Sedition Acts and, 261–267, 269, 273, 276, 278, 324–325
ambitions of, 3, 186, 237, 242
Anas by, 133, 136, 143, 149–150, 161, 175, 185, 287, 336
against army, 124, 362, 372, 374
against Bank of the United States, 103, 106–110, 121, 134, 181, 265, 291
Burr and, 240, 283–287, 291, 312, 318, 322, 327, 332, 337, 341, 349–356
cabinet of, 309–310, 312–313, 358–360
Calhoun and, 380–381
Carr and, 261
Congress emphasized by, 363, 365, 385–386, 388, 390
Constitution and, 34–38, 41–42, 44, 46–47, 125, 130, 134, 144, 213, 220, 254, 309, 313, 322, 337, 342, 379, 384
in Continental Congress, 29–32
on debt, 67–68, 81, 130
Declaration of Independence by, 2, 17–21, 25, 27, 36, 234, 238, 277, 282, 324
in Democratic-Republican Party, 142, 144, 176–181, 183, 204, 217, 229, 236, 238, 244–258, 282–286, 289, 304, 318–319, 322, 334, 357, 368
“The Earth Belongs to the Living” by, 67, 80–82, 111, 134, 277
education of, 1, 50
1800 election and, 278, 281–288, 292, 299, 312, 323, 328, 332, 334, 339, 361, 364–366
in 1804 election, 322, 326, 330, 333–334
Embargo Act of, 360–366
failures of, 244, 335–348
final defeat of, 357–367
first presidential term of, 124, 268, 273, 276, 286–334
France and, 2, 26–27, 55, 58–68, 78, 91–92, 95, 98–100, 111, 164, 193, 241, 245, 249, 253–254, 262–263, 267, 282, 291–295, 305, 316, 329, 336, 359, 362
French Revolution and, 55, 58–68, 78, 91–92, 95, 98, 100, 138–152, 157–158, 167, 204, 224, 226, 237, 239, 256, 263, 266, 277, 282, 299, 302, 314
Freneau and, 110–111, 123–124, 128–131, 144, 148, 152, 161, 183, 263, 297
Genet and, 155–156, 159–161, 164–171, 173–177, 181–184, 190, 194, 225, 233, 239–240
as governor of Virginia, 2, 20–25, 66, 362
Great Britain and, 91, 156, 161–162, 210, 309–310, 329–330, 332–333, 337, 357–365, 371
Hamilton, Alexander, and, 1, 93, 96, 98, 109–110, 113–114, 121, 123–125, 128–138, 144, 155, 168, 170–171, 174, 178–179, 185–186, 212, 225–226, 237–238, 242, 250–251, 282, 297, 311, 314, 325–326, 332
Hemings, Sally, and, 296–297, 303, 351
as ideologue, 2, 17, 58–68, 186, 219
inauguration of, 288–289, 344, 383
as Jacobin, 256, 260–261, 276, 289
Jay Treaty and, 209–210, 220–221, 224–225
judges and, 290–291, 322–323, 326, 337–344, 386
Lafayette and, 59–62, 65, 144, 147
landslide mandate of, 338
legislation by, 17–19, 29–30, 38
Louisiana purchased by, 304, 306–321, 336, 356, 367
Madison, James, as secretary of state of, 295, 300–301, 308–310, 315–316, 328–330, 333, 337, 343, 345, 359–361, 364
Madison, James, friends with, 1–2, 5, 17, 19, 21–30, 32, 44, 47–49, 57, 60, 65, 67–68, 77, 79–82, 90–91, 93–94, 96–98, 106–114, 124, 129, 131, 133–134, 141–142, 156–157, 160, 168, 171, 175, 177, 180–181, 186, 188–189, 194, 209, 212–213, 219–224, 241, 244–245, 247–251, 253–254, 256, 261–262, 265, 276–278, 281–282, 285–286, 314, 369–371, 380
Madison, James, in conflict with, 34–36, 41–42, 44, 379–383
Marshall and, 337, 340, 350–355, 379
militia and, 20–23, 72, 310, 315, 334, 358–359, 362, 372
Monroe and, 25–26, 30, 44, 48–49, 97, 131, 142, 149, 157, 164, 168, 175–177, 180, 186, 191, 193–194, 203, 211, 220, 227–229, 242, 249–251, 260, 277–278, 308, 329–330, 347–348, 372
at Monticello, 23–25, 27, 30, 32, 49, 186, 285, 353, 369
mosquito rescuing, 301, 305–306, 311, 316, 318
newspapermen attacking, 296–297, 309, 324
Paine, Thomas, and, 62–64, 78, 111–112, 140, 291–292, 302–304
against presidential office, 35, 49, 55, 77, 290, 390
“A Report on the Privileges and Restrictions of Commerce of the United States in Foreign Countries” by, 186
retirement of, 185–186, 188–189, 242
second presidential term of, 322, 333, 336–367
as secretary of state, 51–52, 57, 75, 78–100, 103, 111–112, 123–128, 130–133, 136–162, 164–186, 240
in 1796 election, 229, 237–243
Short and, 30, 32, 139–141, 145–147, 149–151, 166, 343
as unionist, 350
as vice president, 240–241, 244–258, 261–264, 271–272, 275–285
War of 1812 and, 348,
372–375
Washington, George, friendly with, 24–25, 27–28, 30–31, 49, 109, 128, 289
Washington, George, in conflict with, 1–3, 21, 32, 104, 124–126, 138, 142, 178–179, 194–195, 202, 213, 224–226, 229, 232–233, 236, 243–245, 249, 258–261, 266, 268–272, 275–276, 279–280, 283, 287–288, 312, 318–319, 334, 348, 350, 353, 365–367, 383–388, 390
Washington, Martha, and, 1, 287, 292
whiskey tax and, 101
Jeffersonian Republican Party. See Democratic-Republican Party
“Jefferson’s March,” 318
Johnson, Andrew, 385–386, 388
Johnson, Lyndon, 389
Johnston, Samuel, 57
Joint Committee of Fifteen, 385
Jones, Joseph, 9, 21–22, 28
Jones, William, 375
Judges
Federalist, 290, 337
impeachment of, 322–323, 337, 339–344, 346, 352, 386
Jefferson, Thomas, and, 290–291, 322–323, 326, 337–344, 386
See also Supreme Court
Judicial review, 340, 379
Judiciary Act of 1801, 290–291, 322
Karamali, Yussef, 345
Kentucky, 14, 56–57, 194–195
Genet and, 166–168, 184, 189, 228
resolutions, 269, 313, 366, 381
secession and, 197
Kersaint, Armand, 153–154, 182
King, Rufus, 96, 176–177, 310, 334
Knox, Henry, 49
as secretary of war, 51, 75, 96, 115–117, 164, 170, 172, 174–175, 184, 198, 206
in War for Independence, 10–11
La Rochefoucauld, Duc de, 139, 147
Lafayette, Marquis de, 64, 92, 139, 173
arrest of, 145–146
Jefferson, Thomas, and, 59–62, 65, 144, 147
War for Independence and, 22, 33
Lake Champlain, 374–378
Langdon, John, 186, 243
Langhorne, John, 260–261, 276
Laussat, Pierre Clement, 316–317
Lavien, Rachel Fawcett, 82
Leclerc, Charles, 294–295, 300–302
Lee, Arthur, 29
Lee, Charles, 8, 214, 228
Lee, Henry, 270, 275
on death of Washington, George, 279–280
as governor of Virginia, 134, 189, 195, 198–199, 201, 205
Lee, Richard Henry, 6, 36, 54
Lee, Thomas Simms, 198
Legion of the United States. See Army, U.S.
Letombe, Philippe Henri, 252–253
Lewis, Meriwether, 321
Lewis, Morgan, 324, 330–331
Lincoln, Abraham, 269, 385
Lincoln, Benjamin, 11, 40
Lincoln, Levi, 312
Little Sarah, 169–172, 177, 225
Livingston, Edward, 218–221, 312, 338
Livingston, Robert R., 110, 301–302, 305, 307–308, 310, 312, 333
Locke, John, 91, 380
Logan, George, 262
Louis XVI
death of, 138, 151–152, 154, 163, 235
French Revolution and, 32, 58–61, 64, 98, 138, 140–141, 143, 145, 147–148, 151–152, 154–155, 159, 163, 235
Louisiana, 74, 157, 166–168, 189, 294, 301
expedition to, 321
government in, 338–339
political importance of, 308
See also New Orleans
Louisiana Purchase
celebration of, 318–319, 333–334
Federalists and, 311, 314–315, 321
House of Representatives and, 314–315
by Jefferson, Thomas, 304, 306–321, 336, 356, 367
Monroe and, 304–305, 307–310, 312, 333
Napoleon and, 306, 308–309, 312–317
New Orleans and, 307, 309–310, 313, 315–317, 331
Senate and, 314–315
Talleyrand and, 307–308
treaty for, 308–309, 311, 313–316, 320, 338
Louverture, Toussaint, 293–294, 300–301
Lyon, Matthew, 253, 266
Macdonagh, Thomas, 376, 378
Maclay, William, 54–55, 87–88, 90–91, 95, 97, 100
Madison, Dolley, 204–205, 285, 328, 376, 381
Madison, James
“Advice To My Country” by, 382
Alien and Sedition Acts and, 261–262, 264–266, 269, 273, 276, 281
ambitions of, 312
at Annapolis conference, 12–13
army and, 370, 372
Bank of the United States and, 102, 107–108, 110–111, 121, 134, 379
Constitution and, 33–47, 62, 81, 219, 221, 227, 251, 266, 313, 343
in Democratic-Republican Party, 142, 183, 188, 193, 217, 219–223, 281, 361
duplicity of, 111
The Federalist and, 38–39, 102, 213, 381
French Revolution and, 62, 141–144, 147–149, 152, 204, 235, 256
Great Britain and, 85, 187–189, 191–193, 371–372
Henry and, 5, 17, 40–44, 46–48, 56–57, 89, 94
in House of Representatives, 48–49, 52–53, 80, 84–85, 88, 93–94, 98, 102, 137–138, 143–144, 172, 187–189, 191–193, 202–203, 219–224
import duties and, 11
inauguration of, 368
Jay Treaty and, 208, 217, 219–224, 230
Jefferson, Thomas, friends with, 1–2, 5, 17, 19, 21–30, 32, 44, 47–49, 57, 60, 65, 67–68, 77, 79–82, 90–91, 93–94, 96–98, 106–114, 124, 129, 131, 133–134, 141–142, 156–157, 160, 168, 171, 175, 177, 180–181, 186, 188–189, 194, 209, 212–213, 219–224, 241, 244–245, 247–251, 253–254, 256, 261–262, 265, 276–278, 281–282, 285–286, 314, 369–371, 380
Jefferson, Thomas, in conflict with, 34–36, 41–42, 44, 379–383
marriage of, 204–205, 285, 328, 376, 381
Monroe and, 172, 202, 208, 218, 228–229, 235
near Monticello, 30
“Of Ancient and Modern Confederacies” by, 13–14
Philadelphia convention and, 13–16
as president, 361, 367–383
retirement of, 241–242
as secretary of state, 295, 300–301, 308–310, 315–316, 328–330, 333, 337, 343, 345, 359–361, 364
taxes under, 377
as tool of France, 188–189
transformation of, 368–382
in Virginia legislature, 275–276
War of 1812 and, 372–378
Washington, George, friends with, 1–2, 4–5, 12–14, 17, 39–41, 43–45, 47–52, 54–57, 70, 77, 88, 90–91, 99, 104, 110–111, 124, 127–128, 156–157, 180–181, 205–206, 217, 219, 223, 279, 378–379, 382–383
Washington, George, in conflict with, 111, 223, 230–231, 233, 278, 368, 372, 379, 390
whiskey tax supported by, 101
Marat, Jean Paul, 148
Marie Antoinette, 65, 78–79, 145, 147
Marshall, John, 44, 248, 255, 262, 269, 314
biography of Washington, George, by, 383–384
as Chief Justice, 286, 289, 337, 340, 350–355, 378–379, 381, 383
in Congress, 270, 273, 275–276
Jefferson, Thomas, and, 337, 340, 350–355, 379
McCulloch vs Maryland and, 378
Martin, Luther, 342, 352, 354–355
Mason, George, 39–40, 42–43
Mason, Stevens T., 267
Massachusetts
Boston, 72–74
Embargo Act and, 364, 366
Mazzei, Filippo, 61, 249–250, 252, 260–261, 283
McComb, Alexander, 120
McCulloch vs Maryland, 378
McGillivray, Alexander, 75
McGovern, George, 389
McHenry, James, 214, 271
McKean, Thomas, 324
McKinley, William, 387
Merry, Anthony, 328–330, 332–333, 349–350
Mexico, 331–332, 339, 354
Miami Indians, 75, 116, 168
, 191
Michaux, Monsieur, 166–167
Mifflin, Thomas, 7, 159, 164, 169–170, 172, 198–199, 244
Militia, 116–117, 169–170, 198–201
Jefferson, Thomas, and, 20–23, 72, 310, 315, 334, 358–359, 362, 372
in War for Independence, 6–8
in War of 1812, 376, 378
Mississippi River
access to, 12, 14, 51, 189, 193, 215, 222, 238, 309
wall of brass along, 294, 302, 320
Monmouth, battle of, 8
Monroe, James, 204, 325
ambitions of, 312
Federalists and, 249
in France, 193, 205–206, 217–218, 227–228, 232, 235, 247, 249, 261, 304–305, 307–309, 312
George III and, 329–330
as governor of Virginia, 275, 278, 286
in Great Britain, 309, 329–330, 347
Hamilton, Alexander, and, 135–136, 192
Jefferson, Thomas, and, 25–26, 30, 44, 48–49, 97, 131, 142, 149, 157, 164, 168, 175–177, 180, 186, 191, 193–194, 203, 211, 220, 227–229, 242, 249–251, 260, 277–278, 308, 329–330, 347–348, 372
Louisiana Purchase and, 304–305, 307–310, 312, 333
Madison, James, and, 172, 202, 208, 218, 228–229, 235
A View of the Conduct of the Executive by, 229, 259
Monticello
Jefferson, Thomas, at, 23–25, 27, 30, 32, 49, 186, 285, 353, 369
Madison, James, living near, 30
Montpelier, 19, 41, 242, 277–278
Morris, Gouverneur, 286, 290, 299, 322
in France, 142–143, 146–148, 158, 189, 193
in Great Britain, 99, 218, 227
Morris, Robert, 15, 33, 51, 83–84, 96, 98, 160, 173
Mosquito, 301, 305–306, 311, 316, 318
Mount Vernon
size of, 72
Washington, George, at, 2, 4, 41, 45–46, 72, 83, 127–128, 132, 169, 196, 211, 224, 259
Muhlenberg, Frederick, 135–136
Murray, William Vans, 270–272, 274
Napoleon Bonaparte
defeat of, 374–375
as emperor, 335–336
France led by, 227, 255, 267–268, 274, 277, 282, 293–294, 300–305, 310, 312–314, 316–317, 323, 332, 335, 338, 346, 357, 359, 366, 369–371, 374–375
French Revolution and, 227, 268, 336
Louisiana sold by, 306, 308–309, 312–317
westward expansion of, 293–294, 300–304
National Assembly
in France, 62, 64–65, 78, 91–92, 98, 140–141, 145, 147–148
power of, 64
National Convention, French, 148, 151, 153–154, 162–163, 182, 205
National Gazette
on French Revolution, 144, 152
Freneau and, 110–111, 114, 123–124, 129, 135, 144, 152, 158, 161, 175
National Intelligencer, 292, 310, 317–319, 331, 344, 361, 367