love affair with Adonis, 263–64
protects Echo, 267
frees Echo of body, 273
and sexual license in Cyprus, 280
and Pygmalion’s sculpture, 281, 283–84
festival in Cyprus, 283–84
Apollo
birth, 93
qualities, 96, 204
slays Python and sent to exile, 97–98
and Delphic oracle, 98
white cattle stolen by Hermes, 100–104
and creation of human race, 119
falls for Persephone, 138
drives sun chariot, 173, 177, 250
as father of Phaeton, 172–73
and Phaeton’s driving chariot, 173–80
and death of Phaeton, 181
takes Coronis as lover, 210
at birth of Asclepius, 210
kills Cyclopes and punished by Zeus, 212–13
slays Otus and Ephialtes, 216
Niobe on, 233
musical competition with Marsyas, 235–38
depicted in Arachne’s weaving, 243
love for Hyacinthus, 261
love for Daphne, 279
Pan challenges to musical competition, 306–7
Apollodorus of Athens, 321
Apple of Discord, 31
Apuleius, 146, 321
Aquarius (constellation), 250, 294
Arachne, 239–44, 245
Ararat, Mount, 130
Arcas, 246
Ares (Mars)
birth, 74
qualities, 74–75, 90
fails to free Hera, 78
at Aphrodite’s wedding to Hephaestus, 81
as father of Eros, 145
as supposed father of Harmonia, 184
and killing of Ismenian Dragon, 189, 191, 194, 206
and disappearance of Thanatos (Death), 226
and Sisyphus’s avoiding death, 229
jealousy of Adonis, 263
Arestor, 168, 169
Arges, 22, 55, 212
Argonauts, 216
Argos, 168
Arguros, 296–99
Argus (Panoptes), 169–70
Arion (horse), 70
Arion (musician), 288–94
Aristaeus, 206, 316
Aristides (king), 146, 147–48, 153
Arne of Thessaly, 243
Arsippe, 243
Artemis (Diana)
birth, 93
demands to be huntress and to remain chaste, 94–95
qualities, 107
Actaeon discovers bathing, 206
attacks Phlegyantis palace with plague arrows, 210
Niobe on, 233
kills Niobe’s sons and daughters, 233
expels Callisto, 246
cares for Procris, 252–53
jealousy of Adonis, 263
Asclepius
birth, 210
medical skills, 211
administers Gorgon’s blood, 212
killed by Zeus, 212
healing temples (asclepia), 213
raised to heavens as constellation Ophiuchus, 213
staff of, 107, 211
Asia, 172. See also Clymene
Asopos, 192, 196, 198, 200, 222–23
Asphodel, Meadows of, 67, 134, 227
Assaracus, 248
Asteria, 243
Astrapos, 296–99
Athamas, 216, 219
Athena (Minerva)
birth, 86, 87, 88
qualities, 88–90, 107
and owl, 88
kills friend Pallas and bears name, 90
beauty, 93
and Zeus’s creation of mankind, 116–17
breathes life into first human figures, 117, 119
teaches first female human, 124
and birth of Erechtheus, 171, 172, 300
Erechtheum, 171
and founding of Athens, 171
rewards Asclepius with gift of Gorgon’s blood, 211, 212
invents aulos, 234
weaving duel with Arachne, 241–44
gives olive to Athens, 300
Athens, 88, 90, 171, 182, 245, 300
Atlantis, 65
Atlas
born to Clymene, 172, 312
fate (to hold up sky), 27, 64, 79
seven daughters (the Pleiades), 99, 184
Atreus, house of, 218
Atropos, 61–62
Auden, W. H., 57
Aulocrene, Lake, 235
Auloniades, 63
aulos (wind instrument), 234–37
Auriga (constellation), 181
Aurora. See Eos Autolycus, 221–22
Autonoë, 194, 196, 198, 199, 204, 206
Auxesia (Auxo), 61
B
Babylon, 275
Bacchus. See Dionysus
Baucis, 295–99
bees, 81–83
Boeotia, 188, 206
Boreas, 285
Bosch, Hieronymus, 214
Bosporus, 170
Botrys, 203–4
Briareos. See Aegaeon bride-price, 214
Brontë family, 22
Brontes, 22, 55, 121, 212
Broteas, 217
Byron, Lord, 133, 286, 287
Byzas, 171
C
Cadmean Vixen. See Alopex Teumesios
Cadmus (Kadmos)
childhood, 182
seeks sister Europa, 183–85
travels with Harmonia, 184–90, 194
sows dragon’s teeth, 190–91
founds Thebes, 191–92, 300
marriage and children with Harmonia, 192–94
changed into snake, 194–95
returned to human form for death, 195
dynasty, 206
and Cilix, 275
caduceus, 107, 211
Calanthe, 146, 147–48, 153–58, 161–62
Calasso, Roberto, 184, 192, 193
Callimachus, 213
Calliope (Muse of epic poetry), 57, 59, 83, 236
Callirrhoë, 248
Callisto, 246
Calypso, 25, 65
Campbell, Joseph, 322
Canis Major (constellation), 254
Canis Minor (constellation), 254
Carpo, 61
Cassandra, 265
Castalia, 98
catasterism, 181
catharsis, 214
Cecropia (city). See Athens
Cenchreis (queen of Cyprus), 262
Centauros, 215
Cephalus, 250–54
Cephissus, 266
Cerberus. See Kerberos
Ceres. See Demeter
chaffinches, 267–69
Chaos, 18–20, 28, 56, 112–13
charisma, 91
Charites (Gratiae; the Three Graces), 61, 124
Charon
birth, 31
appointed ferryman of underworld, 68, 132, 133
and Sisyphus, 228, 230
Charybdis, 245
Chiron, 202, 206, 210–11, 215, 316
Chloris, 203
Chthonius, 192
Cilicia, 185, 275
Cilix, 182, 185, 275
Cleitus, 256–57
Clio (Muse of history), 58
Clotho, 61, 62, 218
Clymene (Asia)
consorts with Iapetus, 25
offspring, 26–27, 54, 64, 112, 129, 131, 312
as mother of Phaeton, 172–75
Clytemnestra, 184, 218
Clytius, 316
Cocytus, 68
Coeus, 22, 26, 84, 91, 243
Colophon (Ionia), 239
Concordia. See Harmonia
Cornucopia, 45
Coronis (princess of Phlegyantis), 210
Corvus (the Crow), 210
Cosmos, 19, 35, 56
Cottus, 23
Creon, 253
Crete, 41–45, 183–84
Cretheus, 219, 221
Crius, 22, 26
Crocus, 203, 261
Cupid. See Eros
Cyclopes
birth, 22, 23, 24, 35
rewarded by Zeus, 65
create trident for Poseidon, 69–70
assist Hephaestus, 79, 121
Cygnus (Cycnus), 174, 181, 290
Cyllene, Mount (Mount Kyllini), 99–102
Cyprus (island), 37, 72, 262, 280, 283
Cythera (island), 36
D
Dalmatae, 194
Damaris (queen), 146–48, 153
Damysus, 316
Dante Alighieri, 57, 68, 214, 314
Daphne, 279–80
Daphnis, 280
Dardanus, 184
death and the dead, 132–34. See also Thanatos
Deioneus (king of Phocis), 214
Delos, 92, 97–98, 173, 233
Delphi (Pytho), 27, 98, 130–31, 173, 185–86, 219–20, 280, 320
Delphinus (constellation), 294
Demeter (Ceres)
Kronos swallows, 39
spewed out by Kronos, 49
Poseidon invents horse for, 70
qualities, 70, 207
and bountiful Mother Earth, 119, 138, 295
and daughter Persephone, 138–42, 217
and Persephone’s periodic return, 141–42, 295
and Phaeton’s driving chariot, 180
wreaks vengeance on Erysichthon, 207–9
and absence of Death, 226
jealousy of Adonis, 263
temple in Eumeneia, 295
demure, meaning of, 91
Deucalion, 129–31, 135, 219, 243, 299
Dia (queen of the Lapiths), 214
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 274
Diana. See Artemis
Diké (Justitia; goddess of justice), 61, 226
Dione (queen of Lydia), 217, 232
Dionysus (Bacchus)
birth, 201, 222
makes wine, 203–4
passion for Ampelos, 202–3
qualities, 204
admitted to Olympian Twelve, 204–5
and disappearance of Thanatos, 226
depicted in Arachne’s weaving, 243
and Teumessian Fox, 253
Theias opens shrine to, 262
Arion devotes musical talent to, 288
shrines, 295
Silenus visits, 302–3
grants Midas’s wish, 303
worshippers react against prudence, 314
kills Typhoeus, 316
Dis, 68
Discordia. See Eris
dithyramb, 288
dodecatheon, 72, 108
dolphins
associated with Apollo, 96
associated with Eros, 146
Poseidon presents first to Amphitrite, 70
and name Delphi, 98
rescue Arion, 288–94
Doom. See Moros Doris, 25, 70, 77, 278
Drakon Ismenios. See Ismenian Dragon
Drury, Henry, 286
Dryads, 63
Dryope, 142
Dysnomia (Anarchy), 129
E
Echidna, 28, 69
Echion, 192, 194
Echo, 265–74
echolalia, 274
Eirene (Pax; goddess of peace), 61, 226
Ekdusia (festival), 279
Ekenhead, Lieutenant William, 286
Electra, 184
electrum (alloy), 305
Eliot, T. S., 265
Elis, 219, 221
Elpis (Hope), 129, 314
Elysian Fields, 133
Emathion, 258
Emphytos, 316
Enceladus, 316
Endymion, 255
Enipeus, 243
Eos (Aurora), 25, 176, 177, 178, 250, 256–61
Epaphus, 170, 172–75, 179, 181
Ephialtes, 216
Ephyra (Corinth), 219
Epidaurus, 213
Epimetheus
as son of Clymene, 27, 172
sides with Titans, 54
and early race of man, 120
meets and marries Pandora, 126
children, 129
qualities, 312, 314
and creation myth, 312–13
Erasmus, Desiderius, 125
Erato (Muse of lyric and love poetry), 59
Erebus, 20, 30–31, 33, 48, 67, 68, 113, 128
Erechtheus, 171–72, 250, 300
Erechthonius, 171
Eridanos (river), 180, 181
Erigone, 243
Erinyes (Eumenides; the Furies), 35, 60, 61, 68–69, 108
Eris (Discordia), 31, 129
Eros (Cupid)
as leader of Erotes, 144
qualities, 144–45
love for Psyche, 147, 151–52, 156
wounded and withdraws, 162
marriage to Psyche, 164–65
eros (form of love), 144
Erotes, 143, 144
Ersa (Herse), 250
Erysichthon (king of Thessaly; Aethon), 207–9
Eumelus of Corinth, 54
Eumeneia, 295, 298, 299
Eumenides. See Erinyes
Eunomia (goddess of law and legislation), 61, 226
Euphrosyne (Euthymia), 61
Euripides, 204
Europa, 133, 182–85, 188, 243, 276
Euryale, 63
Eurymedon (king of the Giants), 316
Eurynome, 61, 77
Eurynomos, 134
Euterpe (Muse of music), 59, 83, 237
Euthymia. See Euphrosyne
Evslin, Bernard, 322
F
Fates. See Moirai
feet, as measurement, 317
figs and fig tree, 252, 316
fire
Zeus forbids human possession, 118
Prometheus steals for mankind, 120–23
humans use, 125
Fishburne, Laurence, 32
Flora. See Thallo
Forster, E. M., 56
Fortunate Isles (Isles of the Blessed), 133
Fraus. See Apate
Frazer, James, 322
Furies, the. See Erinyes
G
Gaia (earth)
origins, 20, 21
and germination of thought and meaning, 22
plans to kill Ouranos, 24–31
and castrating of Ouranos, 33–34
withdraws into inaction, 38
supports Rhea against Kronos, 39, 41
children by Pontus, 63
as planet Earth, 71
creates Python to protect Omphalos, 97
breath rises to Delphic oracle, 98
celebrates forming of dodecatheon, 109
and creation of humans, 119
creates new race after Great Deluge, 131, 135
gives birth to Erechtheus, 171, 172
as mother of giants, 315
Gaiman, Neil, 32
Galatea (and Acis), 278
Galatea (Pygmalion’s sculpture), 280–84
Galatea (wife of Lampros), 278–79
Ganymede, 248–50, 256–59, 266
genealogy charts, 14–15
Gerana (queen of the Pygmies), 242
Geras (Senectus; old age), 31, 32, 128
Gigantes (Giants)
birth, 35
in war with Titans, 55, 315–16
Gilbert, Albert, 144
gods
origins, 50
war with Titans, 54–55, 315
jealousies and animosities, 189
relations with humans, 214
Greeks view as imperfect, 314
Golden Age, 119–20, 127, 128, 129
Gordian knot, 301
Gordias (king of Phrygia), 300–302
Gordium, 300–301
Gorgons, 63, 89, 211–12
Graces, Three. See Charites
grasshoppers, 259–60
Gratiae. See Charites
Graves, Robert, 322
Great Flood, 130, 219, 299
Greece, extent of, 182, 32
0
Greeks
qualities, 320
view of imperfect gods, 314
Grimm’s Law (phonetic), 317
Gyges, 23
H
Hades (Pluto)
Kronos swallows, 39
spewed out by Kronos, 49
given control of underworld, 67–69
fails to free Hera, 78
welcomes dead to kingdom, 133
and Elysian Fields, 133–34
abducts Persephone, 138–42
Psyche enters realm of, 164
objects to Asclepius using Gorgon’s blood to revive dead, 212
and return of Thanatos, 227
and Sisyphus’s avoiding death, 229
Haemus (king of Thrace), 242
Hamadryads, 64
Hamilton, Edith, 11, 181, 321, 322
Handel, George Frederick, 278
Harmonia (Concordia)
genealogy, 184
travels with Cadmus, 184–90, 194
and founding of Thebes, 191–92
marriage and children with Cadmus, 192–94
given cursed necklace, 193
transformed into snake, 195
returned to human shape for death, 195
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 322
hearth, 66
Hecate, 139, 316
Hecatonchires, 23, 24, 33, 35–36, 54–55, 64, 65, 108
Hedone (Voluptas), 165
Hedylogos, 144
Helicon, Mount, 57, 267–68
Helios (sun), 25, 139, 172, 177–78, 181, 250, 257
Helle, 216
Hellen, 219
Hellespont (Dardanelles), 285–87
Hemera (day), 20, 30, 48, 113
Hephaestus (Vulcan)
birth, 73–74
Hera rejects, 74, 77
manufacturing skills, 76, 77, 79
frees Hera from enchanted throne, 78
Cyclopes help, 79, 121
given workplace, 79
wedding feast with Aphrodite, 79–81
cures Zeus’s headache, 86
makes bow for Artemis, 94
makes winged sandals and helmet for Hermes, 106, 107
fashions female human, 124
passion for Athena, 171
as father of Erechtheus, 171–72, 300
carves shoulder for revived Pelops, 218
temple in Eumeneia, 295
attacks Mimas, 316
as mythical figure, 318
Hera
Kronos swallows, 39
spewed out by Kronos, 49, 71
consorts with Zeus and bears children, 73–75
qualities, 71–72
trapped by enchanted throne, 75–78
wedding feast, 79–81
jealousy of Zeus’s affairs and offspring, 91, 93, 205, 267–68
denies Leto land on which to give birth, 92
sends Python to kill Leto and children, 97, 98
meets Hermes, 106
status among gods, 108
gives qualities to first human female, 124
as patron deity of Argos, 168
and Zeus’s infatuation with Io, 168–70
takes revenge on Semele, 197–98, 201