as organizational model, 19, 172, 253, 283, 353
prisoners of war in, 119
progress of, 77, 79, 80, 88, 96–98, 103, 110, 111–12, 114–15, 118, 123
railroad blasting power vs., 119, 158
railroads constructed by veterans of, 17, 18–19, 21, 137, 143–44, 172, 177, 218, 253
riots in Northern cities during, 114
Clark, William, 19, 38, 42, 59, 100, 127, 143, 356
Clarke, Thomas Curtis, 25
Clay, Henry, 27, 87–88, 100
Clayton, D. B., 182
Clement, Lewis M., 364, 382
background of, 110
on blasting operations, 160, 201
Cape Horn grading overseen by, 157
construction progress urged by, 203
on costs, 111, 301
as CP engineer, 19, 116, 117, 316
on Crocker’s construction oversight, 163–64
curved tunnel routes laid out by, 232
on laborers’ defections to mining, 148
on locomotives for supply transport, 147
on railroads’ Ogden union, 340
on roadbed clearing of tree stumps, 158
snowsheds designed by, 235, 302, 304
Summit Tunnel engineered by, 244
Utah construction led by, 291, 316, 332
on water supplies, 309
coal mining, 128, 189, 220, 224
Cochran, Thomas, 93, 193
codes, 292
Cogswell, Milton, 363
Cohen, Alfred, 197
Cole, Cornelius, 71, 72, 154
Coley, George, 349
Colfax, Schuyler, 158, 159, 275, 367, 374
Collins, Casper, 130
Commager, Henry Steele, 376
Congress, U.S.:
on CP-UP connection point, 193, 194, 238, 255, 291, 304–5, 340, 341, 371, 372
Crédit Mobilier shareholders in, 227, 320, 339, 374
on domestic iron usage, 14, 301
lobbying on transcontinental railroad in, 59–61, 64–68, 75–76, 193–94, 196, 321–22
partisan control of, 70
railroad finances investigated by, 373–75
on railroad routes, 31, 304–5
transcontinental railway legislation of, 75–76, 77–81, 89, 94–96, 101, 147, 254, 304–5
on UP financial dispute, 336–37, 339
Wyoming territorial status granted by, 210n
construction workers:
African-American, 177, 241, 274
age of, 295–96
blasting operations of, 119–20, 138, 155, 156–58, 160–61, 199–201, 204, 231–36
Chinese, see Chinese workers
Civil War veterans as, 21, 137, 143–44, 172, 177, 218, 253
cooperative teamwork of, 213, 287
Cornish miners as, 200
CP-UP rivalry of, 327
daily routines of, 179, 232
dangers undergone by, 156–58, 160, 200–201, 204–5, 267–68
drinking habits of, 162, 176, 217, 219, 257–58, 286, 296, 378
fatalities of, 201, 204–5, 206, 233, 236, 237, 264–65, 267–68, 326
food provided for, 138, 161–62, 177, 179, 182, 183, 232, 289
grading work of, 118, 119–20, 136–39, 147, 323
health care of, 137
Indian hostilities as threat to, 173, 211, 214–15, 220, 310
injuries to, 120, 156, 164, 231
Irish, 18, 21, 118–20, 296, 327, 349, 378
living conditions of, 22, 137, 138, 161–62, 177–78, 179, 204, 231, 232, 293, 309, 315
management style and, 120, 137–38, 198, 201, 314–15
Mormon, 189, 242, 261, 281–91, 294–95, 316, 327n, 329
numbers of, 18, 17, 181, 198, 206, 210, 211, 284
physical demands on, 21, 118, 178, 296
recreational activities of, 217–18, 219–20, 353, 372
release of, 354–55
slang terms developed by, 182
snow removal by, 147, 302–3, 305
songs of, 138, 179, 286–87
strike actions of, 137, 198, 240–42, 329, 378
on telegraph vs. railroad track, 257
wages of, 107, 118, 122, 137, 148, 153, 178, 179, 198, 240, 241, 242, 275, 283, 285, 294, 296, 300, 302, 329, 351, 359
weather extremes experienced by, 147, 178, 203–6, 231, 232, 296, 323, 324–25
Western mining opportunities of, 107, 119, 121, 148, 154
work pace maintained by, 179, 181, 182–83, 231, 275, 311–12, 346–52
Continental Divide, 45, 87, 128, 136, 216, 223
Cooke, Philip St. George, 174
“coolies,” 150
Corinne, Utah, 319, 337, 353, 354
cottonwood, 133, 139–40, 187, 227, 252, 274
Council Bluffs, Iowa, 33–34, 35, 36, 37, 38–39, 254, 276
Cox, Jacob Dolson, 281–82, 335
Cox, S. S. “Sunset,” 96
CP, see Central Pacific Railroad
C. P. Huntington, 115, 122
Crane, H. C., 257, 259
Crane, James, 286–87
construction contracts signed over to, 93, 99
creation of, 92–93
Contract and Finance Company vs., 105, 246
directors of, 281
dividends paid by, 227, 270, 277, 318, 320, 374–75
holdings of congressmen in, 227, 320, 339, 374
political scandal over, 320–21, 373–75
profitability of, 98, 374
stockholders of, 132, 140, 190, 226, 320
UP finances vs., 139, 212, 227, 270, 277, 336
Creighton, Harry, 175
Crocker, Charles, 19, 154, 206, 364, 380
background of, 43–44
on blasting operations, 200, 201, 235, 236, 323
in business, 54, 62, 71, 73, 103, 106
Chinese workers appreciated by, 150, 164, 200, 242, 243
construction overseen by, 43, 105–6, 107–8, 110, 111, 112, 116, 117, 118, 122, 148, 157, 161, 163–64, 165, 195, 196, 197, 200, 202, 236, 237, 244–45, 246, 258–59, 298, 306, 308–9, 310–11, 316, 317, 322–23, 328–29, 331, 335, 346–52
Contract and Finance Company of, 105–6, 111, 165, 246–47, 321, 339, 375
CP investments of, 72, 73, 105, 114, 124, 165
on CP’s finances, 121, 124, 165, 198
eastern route extension desired by, 238, 362–63
laborers handled by, 119, 120, 121, 149, 150, 152, 153, 164, 198, 199–200, 240, 241–42, 289, 306, 310, 328–29, 347, 348
later years of, 379
marriage of, 310–11
physical appearance of, 44, 163
political involvement of, 71
on railroad across Sierra, 147
as railroad director, 74, 106
on rate of progress, 236, 239, 297, 298, 306, 312, 317, 322–23, 328–29
on snowsheds, 302, 304
on UP rivalry, 241, 258–59, 340, 346, 348, 349, 351
wagon road owned by, 76
on weather conditions, 323
westward overland journey led by, 44–47, 49, 53
Crocker, E. B., 112
on Chinese workers, 154, 240–41, 242, 243, 298, 300
on construction progress, 236, 244, 245, 246, 297, 300
Contract and Finance Company holdings of, 165, 246, 247
on popularity of railroads, 249
on Strobridge’s construction over-sight, 236–37
on UP-CP rivalry, 238, 239, 242, 243, 297
on UP management conflicts, 255
on weather problems, 206, 239, 244
Curtis, Samuel R., 66–67, 68, 70, 84
cushions, 182
cuts, excavation of, 119–20, 138, 196
Dakota Territory, 210
Dale City, Wyo., 259–60
Dale Creek, 221, 227, 251, 256, 257, 258, 259–61, 262, 380
Daley, Thomas, 349
Dana, Charles A., 86,
275
dance halls, 218, 219
dance the carpet, 182
Davenport and Iowa City Railroad, 33
Davis, James W., 360
Davis, Jefferson, 31, 34–35, 59, 60, 280, 377
Deep Gulch, 154
DeLamater, C. B., 46
DeMille, Cecil B., 217
Democratic Party, transcontinental railroad supported by, 66
Dennison, Eli, 363
Dent, Frederick, 344
Dent, Lewis, 342–44
Dey, Peter A., 90
on Dodge’s expertise, 32–33
Platte Valley route surveyed by, 36–37
resignation of, 98–99
UP routes surveyed by, 89, 91–92, 127–28, 131, 132n, 135, 136, 142, 382
Dillon, Sidney, 271, 281–82, 359, 363, 367, 370–71
ditch companies, 195–96
Dix, John A., 37n, 40, 89, 91, 99, 191
Dodge, Anne Brown, 34
Dodge, Grenville, 19, 90, 290, 349, 377
administrative recommendations of, 171, 273
agricultural opportunities noted by, 212, 229
annual reports written by, 228–29
army protection of UP workers requested by, 211, 214
background of, 31–33
on bridge construction, 183, 187, 344
business interests of, 37–38
as chief engineer, 18, 97, 130, 131–32, 171–72, 176, 183, 211, 221, 228–29, 254, 271, 336, 381
Civil War experience of, 18, 79, 84–85, 86–87, 88, 96–98, 130, 171, 216, 219, 253, 272, 353
in completion ceremonies, 354, 363, 365, 366, 367–68, 370
as congressman, 186, 273, 320
Durant’s rivalry with, 270–73, 329–30
on end of construction, 355
federal bond releases and, 330, 334
former slaves armed by, 86
on Indian threat, 130–32, 133, 141, 173, 211, 214–15, 216, 221, 223
Judah vs., 112
on labor concerns, 286, 327, 342, 378
land grants managed by, 187–88, 212, 219–20, 221, 271
later years of, 381
Lincoln’s meetings with, 23–24, 26, 39, 86–88, 97, 270–71
maps created by, 228
marriage of, 34
on mineral interests, 187, 188, 189
personnel assignments by, 171–72, 216
political support for railroad sought by, 39–41, 253–54, 272–73
on promotional excursions, 186, 261, 277
on railroad route, 24, 26, 32–39, 40–41, 87, 89, 127, 131, 135–36, 188–89, 190–91, 210, 221, 223–25, 230, 254, 271–73, 279–80, 285–86, 333, 382
ransom payment urged by, 359–60
on rate of progress, 174, 191, 210, 221, 227, 228, 342, 355
surveying teams praised by, 191
towns established by, 220, 221, 224, 228, 259
on UP western limit, 230, 254–55, 330, 339, 341, 342, 355, 362–63
on war veterans as railroad workers, 19, 177
on westward movement of rain belt, 212
Dodge, Nathan, 90
Donner Party, 146
Donner Pass, 68, 69–70, 72, 75, 111, 160, 201, 202
Douglas, Stephen A., 23
Drew, Daniel, 336
drone cage, 182
Duff, John, 186, 211, 359, 360, 367
dumping boss, 137–38
Durant, Frank, 170
Durant, Thomas “Doc,” 19, 217
background of, 35–36
chief engineers appointed by, 91, 97, 130, 131, 171, 271
at completion ceremonies, 359, 363, 365, 367, 381
construction company set up by, 92–93
construction progress urged by, 140, 143, 144, 210, 230, 238, 261, 273, 275, 277, 282–83, 290, 352, 381
construction reports received by, 174–76, 183, 187, 190, 208
corporate leadership of, 88–90, 91–92, 97, 98–99, 134, 170, 172, 174, 176, 191, 226, 271, 285–86, 375, 381
CP rivalry and, 239, 242, 255, 282–83, 290, 313, 348, 349, 351
Crédit Mobilier holdings of, 190, 212, 270
financial management of, 139, 270, 277, 282, 294–95, 318–20, 335–36, 359–60, 372, 382
government inspectors and, 169–70, 211
labor force and, 133, 137, 143, 294
later years of, 381
lobbying efforts of, 40, 95–96
in management conflicts, 212, 226–27, 255, 329–30, 336, 342
personnel decisions of, 170–71, 271
publicity excursions attended by, 185–86, 190, 261, 274, 275, 340
railroad investments of, 37n, 86, 91, 212, 226
ransom demands on, 359–60
reputation cultivated by, 270–71, 272
route determinations and, 36, 128, 132, 144, 271–73, 279
as speculator, 37n, 91, 93
unpopularity of, 129–30, 255
UP backers sought by, 86, 88
weather delays not accepted by, 325
Dutch Flat and Donner Lake Wagon Road Company, 76–77, 122, 149, 233
dynamite, 201
Early, Jubal, 96
Echo Canyon, 237, 277, 283, 285, 287, 288, 291–92, 296, 326
Echo City, Utah, 316, 317, 327
Echo Creek, 255, 279
Echo Summit, 312, 313, 330
Eddy, J. M., 216
Edwards, Ogden, 129
elections:
of 1860, 23, 39–40, 69, 70
of 1864, 123
of 1868, 313, 324
Elkhorn River, 34, 37, 134, 168, 208
Elliott, George, 349
Ellis, Jack, 177
Emancipation Proclamation, 104
embankments, 124, 154
Epler, William, 201
Erie Railroad, 56, 99, 336
Evans, James A., 91, 128, 135, 142, 144, 188, 220, 261, 269, 273, 281
Ewing, Thomas, Jr., 255
farming, 169, 212, 229, 280
Farnam, Henry, 32, 35–36, 37n, 38, 40
Farr, Lorin, 290
Farrar, Lynn, 119, 350
Ferguson, Arthur:
background of, 134
buffalo country described by, 143
on Hell-on-Wheels towns, 269
Indian hostilities witnessed by, 143, 209, 214, 215, 222, 263, 264, 265, 266–67
in North Platte bridge building, 262, 264
on taming of West, 267
as UP surveyor, 134–35, 141, 142, 208, 209, 213, 262–65
weather problems encountered by, 208–9, 263–64
on worker fatalities, 264–65
fills, 154, 332–33
fires, 208, 216–17, 303–4
First Transcontinental Railroad, The (Galloway), 288
fish joints, 236
Fisk, James, 336, 339, 342
flood conditions, 208, 228
fly light, 182
Fort Bridger, 237–38, 306
Fortieth Parallel Survey, 145
Fort Kearney, 141, 184, 187, 211
Fort Sanders, 210, 221, 251, 261
Franchot, Richard H., 193
Freedmen’s Bureau, 152
Freeman, Leigh, 259, 262
Free-Soilers, 31
freight cars, capacity of, 268
Frémont, Jessie Benton, 49
Frémont, John Charles, 49
Frost, G. W., 256, 258
Fulton, Robert, 32
Gadsden, James, 59
Gadsden Purchase, 59
Galbraith, Robert Miller, 216–17
Galloway, John Debo, 288
gambling, 217, 218, 219–20, 228, 372
gandy dancer, 182
gaps, 124, 154–55
Garfield, James, 374
General Sherman, 139, 170
Geological Survey, U.S., 145
George, Henry, 323
Gilbert, Frank, 277
Gilliss, John R., 232, 233, 234, 236
Golden Spike, 356, 357, 360, 364–65, 366,
367, 381
Gordon, Sarah, 25
Gould, Jay, 336, 378, 381
Governor Stanford, 115, 117, 121, 362
grading work, 118, 119–20, 136–39, 147, 155–57
Graham, Joseph, 304, 309, 313
grain production, 169, 229, 280
Grant, Ulysses S., 86, 174, 184, 220, 360
army enlistment levels and, 211
in Civil War, 79, 88, 96, 97–98, 110, 112, 118, 123, 130–31, 344
on Dodge as railroad engineer, 85, 272–73
in election of 1868, 272, 275, 313, 324, 325
on Indian hostilities, 130
on military railroad construction, 85
presidency of, 18, 150, 334–35
railroads supported by, 85, 185, 211, 215, 271, 364, 367, 382
UP-CP dispute and, 330, 334–35
on UP financial problems, 336, 342–43, 375
grapes, cultivation of, 246
grasshoppers, 282, 283, 284, 293–94
Gray, George, 158, 291
Great Basin, 223, 225
Great Desert, 309–10
Great Plains:
buffalo herd on, 173
economic opportunities of, 169
Indians dispossessed of, 173, 225–26
livestock grazing on, 267
surveying parties on, 140–43
white settlement of, 139, 172, 184
Great Platte Valley Route, 36–37
Great Salt Lake, 202, 293, 319, 330, 333, 353n
Greeley, Horace, 39, 82, 159, 169, 221, 228, 252
Green River, 225, 251, 261, 269, 271, 275
Grimes, James, 190
Grinnell, J. B., 39
Griswold, Wesley, 154
Growth of the American Republic, The (Morison and Commager), 376
Gwin, William, 65
Haley, Michael, 257
Halleck, Henry W., 51
Hamilton, Alexander, 87–88, 100
Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, 30
Harriman, E. A., 132n, 378
Hart, Alfred A., 122, 337, 362, 365
hay, 182
Haymund, Creed, 245
Heine, W., 250
Hell-on-Wheels towns, 217–19, 221, 228, 259, 269, 275, 276, 337, 353, 372
Henry, Joseph, 170
Henry, Robert, 376
Hewes, David, 360
Hills, L. L., 189, 215–16, 220
Hodges, F. C., 292
hoggers, 182
Holladay, Ben, 93, 159, 203
Holman, William, 83n
Homestead Act, 172
Hood, William, 74
Hooker, Joe, 109
Hopkins, E. B., 106n
Hopkins, Mark, 19, 237, 277, 289, 290, 298, 306, 380
background of, 53
on blasting progress, 236
in business, 53, 54, 62, 73, 103
codes utilized by, 292
on construction and supply difficulties, 195–96, 235
in CP financial management, 121, 122, 149, 196, 246, 306n–7n, 322, 335
CP holdings of, 43, 105, 113
Huntington’s partnership with, 53, 72, 197, 322