Carman, Harry, and Charles Mueller. “The Contract and Finance Company and the Central Pacific Railroad.” Mississippi Valley Historical Review, vol. 14 (December 1927).
Chandler, Alfred D., Jr. “Henry Varnum Poor.” In The Golden Spike: A Centennial Remembrance. New York: American Geographical Society, 1969.
Chew, Lee. “A Chinese Immigrant Makes His Home in America.” Independent, reprinted on www.historymatters.gmu.edu/text/1650a-chew.html.
“The Chinese in California.” Lippincott’s Magazine, March 1868.
Dillon, Sidney. “Historic Moments: Driving the Last Spike of the Union Pacific.” Scribner’s Magazine, August 1892.
Farnham, Wallace D. “Grenville Dodge and the Union Pacific: A Study of Historical Legends.” Journal of American History, vol. 51 (June 1964).
Henry, Robert. “The RR Land Grant Legend in American History Texts.” Mississippi Valley Historical Review, vol. 32 (1945–46).
Huffman, Wendell. “Railroads Shipped by Sea.” Railroad History, Spring 1999.
Klein, Maury. “The Coming of the Railroad and the End of the Great West.” Invention and Technology, vol. 10, no. 3 (Winter 1995).
Kraus, George. “Chinese Laborers and the Construction of the Central Pacific.” Utah Historical Quarterly, vol. 37, no. 1 (Winter 1969).
Lemon, David. “An Experience on the Road.” Union Pacific Magazine, May 1924.
Lockwood, E. C. “With the Casement Brothers While Building the Union Pacific.” Union Pacific Magazine, February 1931.
Loomis, A. W. “How Our Chinamen Are Employed.” Overland Monthly, March 1869.
Mills, Morris. “With the Union Pacific Railroad in the Early Days.” Annals of Wyoming, vol. 3, no. 4 (April 1926).
O’Neil, Hugh. “List of Persons Present, Promontory, Utah, May 10, 1869.” Utah Historical Quarterly, vol. 24 (1956).
Poor, Henry V. “The Pacific Railroad.” North American Review, vol. 128 (June 1879).
———. “Railroad to the Pacific.” In The Golden Spike: A Centennial Remembrance. New York: American Geographical Society, 1969.
Reeder, Clarence A. “A History of Utah’s Railroads.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Utah, 1959.
Rosewater, Andrew. “Finding a Path Across the Rocky Mountain Range.” Union Pacific Magazine, January 1923.
Saxton, Alexander. “The Army of Canton in the High Sierra.” Pacific Historical Review, vol. 35 (June 1966).
Smoot, W.C.A. “Tales from Old-Timers.” Union Pacific Magazine, December 1923.
Wheat, Carl. “A Sketch of the Life of Theodore D. Judah.” California Historical Society Quarterly, vol. 4 (September 1925).
Wilder, J. O. “The Way Pioneer Builders Met Difficulties.” Southern Pacific Bulletin, vol. 9, no. 11 (November 1920).
MEMOIRS, DIARIES, JOURNALS
Barney, Lewis. Papers. Archives, Church of Latter-Day Saints Library, Salt Lake City.
Clement, Samuel. Papers. Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Crocker, Charles. Memoir. Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
DeLamater, C.B.V. Memoir. Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Dodge, Grenville M. Papers. Union Pacific Archives, Omaha.
Ferguson, Arthur. Journal. Utah State Historical Society, Salt Lake City.
Hubbard, Thomas. Diary. Union Pacific Archives, Omaha.
Huntington, Collis. Memoir. Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
———. Papers. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Judah, Anna. Papers. Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Kim, Rudy. Interview. Bancroft Collection, University of California, Berkeley.
Maxwell, James. Memoir. University of Delaware Library, Newark, Del.
Nichols, H. K. Diary. Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Pratt, Milando. Memoir. Utah State Historical Library, Salt Lake City.
Reed, Samuel. Papers. Union Pacific Archives, Omaha.
Schill, Samuel. Papers. Church of Latter-Day Saints Library, Salt Lake City.
Yee, Samuel. Oral History. Bancroft Collection, University of California, Berkeley.
Young, Brigham. Papers. Archives, Church of Latter-Day Saints Library, Salt Lake City.
NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES
Cheyenne Daily Leader (Wyoming)
Cheyenne Frontier Index
Chicago Leader
Chicago Tribune
Cincinnati Gazette
Council Bluffs Bugle (Iowa)
Council Bluffs Nonpareil
Denver Rocky Mountain News
Dutch Flat Enquirer (California)
Harper’s Weekly
Humboldt Register (Nevada)
New York Sun
New York Times
New York Tribune
Omaha Weekly Herald
Reno Crescent (Nevada)
Sacramento Union
Salt Lake Daily Reporter
Salt Lake Deseret News
San Francisco Bulletin
San Francisco Chronicle
San Francisco Daily Alta California
Van Nostrand’s Engineering Magazine
Virginia City Territorial Enterprise (Nevada)
Western Railroad Gazette
Index
Page numbers in italics refer to maps.
Adams, Charles Francis, Jr., 93–94, 252, 320–21, 339, 378
air brakes, 268
Alton and Sangamon Railroad, 28, 29
American River:
Cape Horn grading work along, 156–57
Sacramento bridge over, 107–8, 122
Ames, Gustavus, 258
Ames, Oakes, 19, 335, 360, 364, 382
congressional censure of, 375
Crédit Mobilier and, 132, 190, 226, 227, 320, 336, 374–75
on federal railroad bonds, 334
on financial problems, 139, 359
reputation of, 380–81
on UP-CP rivalry, 255, 330, 331
in UP management conflicts, 226–27, 329–30
Ames, Oliver, 19, 364, 382
arrest of, 336
on construction profits vs. operations profits, 212, 226–27
CP loan made by, 103, 106, 113
CP-UP rivalry and, 313, 330
Crédit Mobilier holdings of, 132, 190
Durant ransomed by, 359–60
financial management by, 277, 329, 330, 336, 342, 359
Indian extermination advocated by, 266
on land grant territories, 211–12
railroad inspected by, 211
reputation of, 380–81
as UP president, 191, 211, 273, 275, 344
on western construction limit, 255
Ames shovels, 103, 137
Antelope, 307
Anthony, Susan B., 229
Appalachian Mountains, 66, 67
Arapaho, 130, 216, 265
Army, U.S.:
Indians suppressed by, 130–31, 141, 174, 183, 184, 211, 265
railroad troop transport for, 184, 215, 345–46
recruitment difficulties of, 211
Western supply resources of, 60n
Asia, U.S. trade with, 370, 371
assembly-line work, 181
Athearn, Robert, 187
avalanches, 204–5
Bailey, James, 71, 73, 74, 105, 113, 114
Baltimore and Ohio, 66, 67, 99
Bancroft, Hubert Howe, 74, 121, 248, 288, 308
Barnard, George, 336, 339
Barnes, James, 276
Barney, Lewis, 284
Beadle, J. H., 269, 324, 372
Bear River, 202, 327, 337, 338, 344
Bear River City, Wyo., 276
Bell, Clark, 96
Benét, Stephen Vincent, 217–18
Benson, Ezra Taft, 290
Benson, Farr & West, 290–91, 293, 316
Benton, Thomas Hart,
49, 366
Benton, Wyo., 262, 264, 269
Berthoud Pass, 128
Best Friend of Charleston, The, 27
Big Fill, 332–33, 371
Big Tent, 219
Big Trestle, 338–39, 346, 348, 353
Bissell, Hezekiah, 129, 172, 179, 256, 257, 260, 261
Black Hills, UP route over, 210, 251, 254, 262, 340
Blaine, James G., 94, 374
blasting operations, 119–20, 138, 155, 156–58, 160–61, 199–201, 204, 231–32, 233–34, 235–36
Blickensderfer, Jacob, 276
Blind Tom (horse), 180
Bloomer Cut, 119–20, 124, 148, 164
Blue Goose, 199
Blue Jay, 325
boarding boss, 137
boiler malfunction, 268–69, 326
Boomer, L. B., 211, 276
boomers, 182
Booth, George, 363, 365
Booth, Lucius, 71, 73, 105, 113
Boutwell, George Sewall, 335
Bowles, Samuel, 159, 169, 202, 218–19, 247–48, 269
Boyd, J. E., 258
Bradford, Sam, 363, 365
brakemen, 24
brakes, whistle down, 182
bridges:
over American River, 107–8, 122
Big Trestle, 338–39, 346, 348, 353
Civil War construction of, 96
over Dale Creek, 221, 256, 258, 259–61, 262
on fire, 24
Howe truss used in, 26, 211
at Loup Fork, 175, 187
over Mississippi River, 30
over Missouri River, 30, 188, 260, 373
prefabricated sections for, 211
in Sierra Nevada, 154–55
as temporary structures, 288
over Truckee River, 237
weather damage to, 234, 361
of wood vs. iron, 252, 261
Brooks, B. S., 162
Brooks, James, 374, 375
Bross, William, 159
Brown, Arthur, 198, 234–35, 302–3, 304
Brown, Charles Leroy, 29
Browne, Percy, 215, 216, 221, 223
Browning, Orville Hickman, 238, 255, 261, 276, 305, 306, 313, 330–31, 333, 334
Buchanan, James, 61, 65–66
Buck, S. M., 201
buffalo, 143, 173, 257, 267
“Building of a Railway, The” (Clarke), 25
bumper, 182
Burch, John C., 59, 64–65, 66, 67
Burnettizer, 139–40
California:
agriculture in, 229
Chinese population of, 150–52, 161n, 164–65, 243
CP route in, 343
first railroad built in, 56–58
gold discovered in, 30, 43, 48, 50, 52, 229
immigration to, 53–55, 243, 362
legislation on transcontinental railroad to, 61
mountainous barrier to, 146
railroad consolidation in, 246, 373, 379
sea routes to, 48–53, 56
state elections in, 74
statehood of, 18
transcontinental railroad link to, 250
wagon journeys to, 44–47, 52
California and Oregon Railroad, 246
California Central Railroad, 246
Campbell, Jim, 351
Canadian Pacific, 17–18
canals, 28
Cape Horn, railroad work at, 156–57, 159, 198, 307
Carnegie, Andrew, 270
Carson, Kit, 45
car toad, 182
Casement, Dan, 330, 354, 382
Civil War experience of, 18, 170–71
at completion ceremony, 363, 367
labor force maintained by, 179, 184, 211, 274, 277, 327, 329
track-laying operations run by, 170, 173–74, 210, 212, 226, 273–74, 351, 353
weather delays and, 207, 324–25
Casement, John S. “Jack,” 330, 354, 382
on alkali desert, 269
background of, 170, 330
Civil War experience of, 18, 170
at completion ceremony, 363, 367
construction workforce maintained by, 177, 179, 182, 184, 210, 211, 221, 274
on finance problems, 330, 342
Indian relations with, 209–10
Julesburg vice activities quelled by, 220
on living conditions, 169, 337
on rate of progress, 227, 228, 262, 277, 337
supply facilities built by, 190
track-laying operations run by, 170, 171, 173–74, 208, 209, 210, 212, 226, 273–74, 275, 323–24, 346, 351, 353
weather delays and, 207, 325, 361
casting, 119
cattle grazing, 267
Central Pacific Railroad (CP):
accidents on, 325–26
bridges constructed by, 107–8, 154–55, 234, 237, 338–39
camp train of, 313, 314
Chinese construction workers on, 18, 21, 149–58, 159, 161–62, 164–65, 198, 204–5, 231, 240–42, 243, 247, 298, 300, 308, 310, 327, 378
clearing of roadbeds for, 157–58
codes used by, 292
in completion ceremonies, 354, 360–62, 363–67
congressional legislation on, 77–81, 155
construction contracts of, 105–6, 288–90, 321, 342, 375
construction schedule of, 81, 102, 107, 165, 166, 204, 206
corporate management of, 19, 43, 106, 111, 112–13, 114, 115–16, 321
costs of, 71, 78, 102, 104, 106, 124, 147, 155, 161, 163, 165, 187, 200, 230, 231, 235, 245, 246, 247–48, 300–303, 372
county and municipal support of, 109, 148
eastern limit of, 95, 104, 155, 193–94, 225, 238, 254–55, 288, 289, 291, 312, 313, 315–17, 326–27, 332, 335, 339–40, 341, 345, 358
engineers of, 19, 105, 110, 114, 116, 118, 158
establishment of, 70–74, 365
financial management of, 102–3, 106, 110–11, 113, 121, 124, 147–49, 165–66, 196, 246–47, 298, 301, 321, 374
first runs made on, 117–18, 121, 306–8
freight and passenger rates charged by, 305
government bonds for, 102, 108, 109, 121, 123, 148–49, 165, 166, 195, 230, 238, 245, 312, 313, 330–31, 333–35
grading work on, 118, 119–20, 147, 155–57, 237, 288–92, 332–33, 341
groundbreaking ceremony of, 89, 106–7
highest altitude of, 206, 210, 244
initial investors in, 70–73, 105, 106, 121, 122, 196–97, 360, 379–80
inspections of, 158–60, 165, 297, 300, 311–12, 313–14
labor on, 107, 110, 118–20, 121, 147–48, 149–50, 152–55, 163, 198, 204–5, 206, 210, 231–32, 233–34, 240–42, 243, 246, 247, 281, 289, 298, 300, 306, 311–12, 314–15, 332–33, 349, 354, 378
land grants to, 101, 103, 124, 238
lobbying by, 193, 321–22
locomotives of, 102, 115, 117, 124, 147, 298, 307, 312, 325, 331–32, 361
Mormon contractors used on, 288–90, 291–92
new states served by, 18
passenger service of, 121–22, 124, 148–49, 203, 306–8, 323, 360, 361
photos of construction on, 122
political attacks on, 305, 318–20, 373, 374
profitability of, 104, 121–22, 124, 149, 166, 238, 306n–7n, 374
promotional excursions of, 118, 120–21, 159
quality vs. speed in building of, 117, 252, 297, 300, 312, 323, 338–39
rates of progress on, 148–49, 155, 161, 165, 166, 195, 201, 203, 206, 230, 231, 236, 244–45, 247, 252, 297–301, 305–9, 310, 312, 315–17, 332, 345, 346–52
rival railroads’ charges against, 111, 122–23
rolling stock of, 124, 298
route of, 98, 112, 124, 201–2, 237–38, 286, 299, 305, 306, 312, 313, 316–17, 319, 343
Sacramento office of, 103–4
Sierra Nevada route of, 19, 74–75, 109–10, 118, 162–63, 230, 231, 244, 247–48, 306–8, 343
snow problems on, 147, 233, 234–3
5, 245, 302–4, 305, 323–24
Southern Pacific as successor to, 165, 377–78, 379, 380
speed of, 121, 323
stock sales of, 124, 165–66, 230
supply transport on, 19–20, 118, 147, 203, 206, 231, 234, 237, 249, 301, 308–10, 321, 331
towns developed along, 304, 309, 311, 313
track-laying on, 118, 244, 311–12, 315, 346–52
tunnels built by, 20, 75, 78, 104, 124, 147, 155–56, 160–61, 196, 197, 202, 203, 204–5, 206, 207, 230, 231–32, 233–34, 235–36, 244, 291, 307
UP rivalry with, 155, 193–94, 201, 203, 225, 230–31, 238–39, 241, 242–43, 244, 247, 248, 249, 252, 274, 277, 282–83, 290–92, 300, 304–5, 306, 313, 316–17, 322–23, 337–40, 341–42, 346–52, 362–63, 365, 371–72
wagon road constructed for, 72, 76–77, 104, 111, 112, 195, 233
water supplies of, 195–96, 202, 230, 237, 301, 309
weather problems experienced by, 147, 195, 197–98, 203–6, 231, 232–34, 245, 296, 302–3, 305, 323–24, 331
Chandler, Alfred D., 100
Charles Crocker Contract and Finance Company, 105–6, 111, 165, 246–47, 321, 339, 375
Chesapeake & Ohio, 379
Cheyenne, Wyo., 220–21, 227, 228, 229, 251, 259, 263, 271
Cheyennes, 130, 136, 172–73, 211, 214, 222, 225–26, 265
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad, 126
Chicago and Northern Railroad, 254
Chicago Howe Truss Bridge Company, 211
Chinese workers:
backgrounds of, 152–53
blasting expertise of, 235, 236
Cape Horn grading work of, 156–57
China returned to by, 164, 165
Cornish miners vs., 200
on CP construction, 18, 21, 149–58, 159, 161–62, 164–65, 198, 204–5, 231, 240–42, 243, 247, 298, 300, 308, 310, 327, 378
discrimination against, 150–51, 153, 378
Dodge on, 349
in domestic service, 151, 153
after end of CP construction, 164–65
fatalities of, 204, 205, 206, 236, 237
food provided for, 161–62, 232, 289
Indians feared by, 310
industry of, 315
Irish workers’ conflicts with, 327
living conditions of, 161–62, 204, 231, 232
numbers of, 198, 237, 298
recruitment of, 243
strike by, 240–42
on Trans-Siberian Railway, 18
wages of, 300
white foremen as bosses of, 231, 311
Chinn, Thomas W., 204
Civil War:
codes used in, 292
end of, 133
former slaves’ participation in, 86
military railroad work in, 84–85, 96
national optimism after, 253
onset of, 41, 73, 74, 102