Swakeleys House 105–7
Swanborough, William Green 114
T
Taylor, Peter 232–3
Taylor, Telford 121, 198
Technical Radio Intercept Committee 262, 263
telephone technology 60, 64, 291
phone-tapping 232–6, 306
Thatcher, Margaret 184
thorium 150
TICOM (Targeted Intelligence Committee) 61–4
Tiltman, Brigadier John 14–15, 17, 19, 98, 184, 198, 260
time-and-motion techniques 193
Tito, Joseph 100, 142–3
Tizard, Sir Henry 269–70
Tolush, Alexander 2, 315–20
Tomas, Susan 104
trade union representation 108–9, 111–12, 184
Travis, Commander Edward 7, 11, 17–19, 22, 24–5, 26, 32, 36, 45–6, 56–7, 64, 70, 75–6, 92, 98, 103, 108, 124–5, 160–1, 173, 176, 192, 208, 228, 251, 288, 329
Trevor-Roper, Hugh 39, 289
Truman, Harry S 72, 101, 144, 165, 253
Truman Doctrine 235
Tube Alloys project 128–9, 227
Tunny 56, 62, 63
Turing, Alan 6, 13, 48, 119, 162, 220, 267–71, 288–9, 291
Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) 67–8, 265
Banburismus 21, 217
Bletchley Park 13–14, 18, 19, 21–2, 23, 25, 48
bombe machines 13, 18, 48, 186, 267
computer technology 13, 24, 48, 60, 66–7, 265–73, 321, 324
death 323–5
Delilah 60
‘Educating a Digital Computer’ 271
Hanslope Park 14, 59–61, 66
and Joan Clarke 21, 52–3, 216
Manchester Mark One 265–73, 322–3
and Murray 273, 293–7
National Physical Laboratory 66–7, 264–5
Radio Security Service 59–60
TICOM 61–4
trial and conviction 296–8, 322
Turner, ES 135
Tutte, William 65
Twinn, Peter 216, 217, 295
Typex encyphering machine 118, 182, 192, 193, 195, 200–1
U
Ukraine 89, 100, 101
UKUSA alliance 209
Ulbricht, Walter 309
Underwood, Dennis 158
Unit 8200 162, 173
United Kingdom
atomic bomb 138, 246
colonies 146–73, 196, 283
communism 304
double agents 4, 96–7, 98–9
economy 79, 165
footpath network 118–19
Information Research Department 303–4
Inter-Allied mechanism 201
Korean War 260–1
National Service 84–5
NATO 247, 252
oil supply 165, 177–9, 275
Palestinian Mandate 145, 164–5, 172–3, 202
Soviet double agents 30–1, 88
stature 72–3, 78
Tube Alloys project 128–9, 227
Typex 118, 182, 192, 193, 195, 200–1
UKUSA alliance 209
US intelligence partnership 26, 31–2, 39–40, 44, 70, 93, 95–8, 115, 116–31, 200, 201–3, 243, 244–5, 256, 262, 306, 312
United Nations 28, 78, 257
Palestine 172
Relief and Rehabilitation Administration 91
United States 7, 8, 37, 53–4
Anglo-American alliance 74
Arlington Hall 26, 30, 93–6, 125, 250
Armed Forces Security Agency 258
atomic bomb 10–11, 23, 75, 94, 95–6, 129, 138
British colonies 146–7
British intelligence partnership 26, 31–2, 39–40, 44, 70, 93, 95–8, 115, 116–31, 187, 200, 201–3, 243, 244–5, 256, 262, 306, 312
BRUSA agreement 70
Chicksands Priory 38–9
CIA 143, 202, 256, 275
Cold War 73–5
computer technology 14, 187
Cuban Missile Crisis 300
ENIAC 264
Freedom Train 247
funding 58, 202–3, 250
Holden agreement 70
hydrogen bomb 274, 325–6
India and Pakistan 153
Inter-Allied mechanism 201
Korean War 254–61
Manhattan Project 127, 129
military bases in Europe 140, 247
NATO 247, 252
oil supply 165
OP-20-G 26
rocket technology 59, 61
Sigaba 201
Soviet double agents 4, 30–1, 88, 89, 90, 92–7, 127–31, 144
Soviet hostility towards 73
Truman Doctrine 235
UKUSA alliance 209
women 125–6
World War I 16
Zionism 165–6, 202
U Saw 159–60
Uzbekistan 276
V
Valentine, Jean 12, 82–3, 158–9
Vandenburg, General Hoyt 122
VE Day 21
Venona Project 93–8, 126–7, 130–1, 144, 190, 208, 225–6, 229, 273
Vienna 230–6, 249
VJ Day 40
W
Walker, Hooky 106
Warner, Christopher 103
Warsaw Pact 252
Webb, Sidney and Beatrice 75
Weisband, William 228–9
Welchman, Gordon 10, 13, 18, 19–20, 21, 25, 48, 75, 113, 123, 124–5, 182, 187, 215, 266, 269, 315
Wenger, Captain Joseph 26, 32, 122
Whaddon Hall 77
White, Harold Dexter 127
Wildeblood, Peter 296
Wilkes, Maurice 264–5
Williams, FC 269
Wilson, Angus 12, 183
Wilson, Harold 271
wireless interceptors 5
women
double agents 130–1
employment status 52–3, 194–5, 299
Indian partition 151
pay structure 52, 53, 215
recruitment 180–4, 190, 215
United States 125–6
Woodhead Hall 113–14
Woodhouse Eaves 43
World War I 17–18
Balloon Corps 16
Zimmermann Telegram 16
World War II 3, 5, 6–7
atomic bomb 4, 23, 63
British economy 28
desert war 29, 77
displaced persons 29, 40, 55, 90–2, 145, 172
Enigma codes 3, 6, 13, 14–15, 17, 267
Holden agreement 70
Holocaust/concentration camps 29, 40, 80–1, 90–1, 102, 132, 163
Iran 33
Soviet Union 25–6, 41–2
VE Day 9, 11–13
VJ Day 40
see also Bletchley Park
The Woygian magazine 86
Wright, Peter 95
Wylie, Shaun 45, 68–9, 269, 271–2, 321
Y
Yalta Conference 72
Y-Service 26, 37–8, 43–4, 75–7, 111, 135, 176, 305–6
recruitment 183–4, 185–6
see also listening stations
Yugoslavia 100, 142–3, 230
Z
Zhou Enlai 259
Zimmermann Telegram 16
Zionism 80–1, 145, 163–6, 169–70, 171–2, 202
penetration of Zionist movements 241
Acknowledgements
As ever, much gratitude in general to the Bletchley Park Trust, whose work in ensuring that the codebreakers are at last properly celebrated goes from strength to strength. For information on visiting the wonderfully restored Bletchley Park Museum, visit www.bletchleypark.org.uk. Thanks also to Professor Richard J Aldrich of the University of Warwick who for some years has been leading the way with his brilliant and wide-ranging studies of GCHQ and global security. In terms of the book itself, I am particularly grateful to Jennifer Barr and Richard Green, both in terms of expert editorial judgements and also terrific e
nthusiasm. The same also to editor Philip Parker, who came at the manuscript with eagle-eyed flair and impressive knowledge. Many thanks are also due to Daniela Rogers for finding such striking images, Catherine Rubenstein for her laser-beam proof reading and not least to Katherine Josselyn, for sharp and clever ways of ensuring that the world is alerted to the book.
First published in Great Britain
2015 by Aurum Press Ltd
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Islington
London N1 9PF
www.aurumpress.co.uk
Copyright © Sinclair McKay 2016
Sinclair McKay has asserted his moral right to be identified as the Author of this Work in accordance with the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from Aurum Press Ltd.
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Digital edition: 978-1-78131-618-4
Hardcover edition: 978-1-78131-297-1