San Francisco Arts &? Athletics, Inc. v. United States Olympic Comm., 483 U.S. 522 (1987), 324
Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 (1935), 52
Shapiro v. Thompson, 394 U.S. 618 (1969), 73
Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1 (1948), 151-53, 159,324
Skinner v. Oklahoma, 316 U.S. 535 (1942), 62-67, 90, 97, 113, 232
Slaughter-House Cases, 83 U.S. (16 Wall.) 36 (1872), 37-40, 63, 65, 149,180
South Carolina v. Katzenbach, 383 U.S. 301 (1966), 324
Sugarman v. Dougall, 413 U.S. 634 (1973), 182
Swift v. Tyson, 41 U.S. (16 Pet.) 1 (1842), 156
Telecommunications Research & Action Center v. FCC, 801 F.2d 501 (D.C. Cir. 1986), 335
Texas v. Johnson, 57 U.S.L.W. 4770 (U.S. June 21, 1989), 127-28
Texas Monthly, Inc. v. Bullock, 51 U.S.L.W. 4168 (U.S. Feb. 21,1989), 128
Thomburgh v. American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists, 476 U.S. 747 (1986), 337
Trimble v. Gordon, 430 U.S. 762 (1977), 182
United Jewish Organizations v. Carey, 430 U.S. 144 (1977), 326
United States v. Butler, 297 U.S. 1 (1936), 53
United States v. Carolene Products Co., 304 U.S. 144 (1938), 58-61
United States v. United States Gypsum Co., 438 U.S. 422 (1978), 332
United Steelworkers of America í. Weber, 443 U.S. 193 (1979), 102, 103
Wallace v. Jaffree, 472 U.S. 38 (1985), 95
Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Atonio, 57 U.S.L.W. 4583 (U.S. June 5, 1989), 108-9
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, 51 U.S.L.W. 5023 (U.S. July 3,1989), 116, 117
Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld, 420 U.S. 636 (1975), 84
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish, 300 U.S. 379 (1937), 57-58
Whiting v. Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railroad Co., 25 Wis. 167 (1870), 39
Wickard v. Filburn, 317 U.S. 111 ( 1942),56
Willson v. Black Bird Creek Marsh Co., 27 U.S. (2 Pet.) 245 (1829), 26
Winship, In re, 397 U.S. 358 (1970), 32
Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U.S. 205 (1972),247
Wolf v. Colorado, 338 U.S. 25 (1949), 94
Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356 (1886), 329-30
Index
Abendschein, Dr. and Mrs. Walter, 308
Abortion, 169
consequences of Webster, 116-17
effect of Roe decision on states’ power to regulate, 112, 114-15
right to, 8
strategy to ignore, 291
Tribe position on rights to, 202-3
Accountability, 4-5
Ackerman, Bruce, 214-15
Activist groups
opposition strategy of, 11, 283-93, 323
response to civil rights and abortion decisions, 349
and 60s generation group, 338-39
variety of, 338-343
Activist judges. See Revisionist judges
Acton, Lord, 141
Adams, John, 21
Administrative law, 332-33
Affirmative action. See Discrimination; Quotas
AFL-CIO, 283, 286, 323
AFSCME. See American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME)
Agnew, Spiro, 272, 278
Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933, 53
Alliance for Justice, 284
American Bar Association, 292-93
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 96, 243-45, 287-88, 323, 341, 343
American Enterprise Institute, 321
American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME), 286-87
Anthony, Robert A., 332
Antidiscrimination laws, 102-10 See also Civil Rights Act of 1964
Anti-Federalists
and Bill of Rights, 93
and states’ rights, 185
Antitrust law
Bork’s position on, 332
economic analysis applied to, 255
effect of Warren Court decisions on, 73 See also Consumer welfare
Apportionment (legislative districts). See Legislative reapportionment cases; One person, one vote doctrine
Babbitt, Bruce, 284
Bailey, John, 89
Baker, Howard, 268, 276, 277
Balch, Stephen, 339
Bell, Griffin B., 308
Belloc, Hilaire, 4, 11
Bellow, Saul, 342
Bentsen, Lloyd, 309
Berger, Raoul, 223-24
Berns, Walter, 316, 321
Bickel, Alexander M., 80, 232, 272, 316
on civil disobedience, 131-32
departure from Constitution, 207
on judicial principles not in Constitution, 190-93
on judicial review, 188-90
on legal realism, 71-72
on 60s generation, 342
Biden, Joseph, 283, 284, 288, 291, 296, 297, 301, 307, 323
Biden Report, 287, 288, 291, 331-32, 335
Bill of Rights
derivation of right of privacy from, 97
guaranteed freedoms from government, 353
guarantee of liberties by, 4
guarantees against national government, 4, 93
incorporation theory for, 94, 129 See also Federalism
Bingham, John, 39, 181
Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935, 53
Black, Hugo, 32, 56, 72
on first amendment, 148
on fourteenth amendment, 48
incorporation of Bill of Rights into due process clause, 94
on poll tax, 91
on presumed right of privacy, 100
on prohibition of flag burning, 128
Black-Douglas wing of New Deal Court, 69-70, 72, 146
Blackmun, Harry, 108, 156
moral basis for legalizing abortion, 115
opinion in Roe, 112-14
right of privacy argument in Bowers, 120-23, 125-26
Bolt, Robert, 354
Bork, Charles (son), 271, 277, 297, 312, 313, 315
Bork, Claire Davidson (first wife), 271, 272, 278
Bork, Elizabeth (mother), 295, 300
Bork, Ellen (daughter), 271, 277-78, 297, 312, 313
Bork, Mary Ellen Pohl (second wife), 273, 274, 277-78, 281, 295, 297, 308, 311, 312, 313, 315, 316, 321
Bork, Robert H.
on interpretation of Constitution, 167-69
as judge in United States Court of Appeals, 273
meaning of nomination conflict, 271
nomination to Supreme Court, 177, 267-68
opening statement at confirmation hearings, 300-301
resignation from Court of Appeals, 317-19
as Solicitor General, 272
statement announcing decision not to withdraw, 313-15
Bork, Robert H . , Jr. (son), 271, 277, 295, 297, 311, 312, 313, 315
Bradley, Joseph, 38-39, 65
Brennan, William J . , Jr., 72, 108
constitutional interpretation theory, 219
interpretation of Civil Rights Law, 103-5
interpretation of freedom of speech guarantee, 127-28
on interpretation of substantive due process, 237-40
on legitimate judicial review, 162
on section 5 of fourteenth amendment, 92
unconstitutionality of death penalty, 219, 220
Brest, Paul, 148-9, 171, 172, 173, 175, 208
Broder, David, 315
Brown, Henry B., 74
Brownell, Herbert, 308
Brubaker, Stanley, 206
Burger, Warren, 89, 101, 295
dissent in Weber, 103-4
on equal opportunity under Civil Rights Law, 102-3
Burger Court, 130
transformation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Law, 102-7
Burke, Edmund, 353, 355
Bush, George, 311, 313, 340, 342, 343
Busing, 325
Byrd, Robert, 296
Byrnes, James, 56
Calhoun, John C , 2
8
Campaign against confirmation. See Confirmation hearings
Capital punishment, 274-75
Caplan, Russell, 184
Carper, Judy, 276
Carvin, Mike, 280
Catholic Council on Civil Liberties, 96
Center for Law and Social Policy, 341
Center for Media and Public Affairs, 281-82
Centralization of government. See Commerce clause; Federalism; New Deal Court; Roosevelt, Franklin D.
Chafee, John, 281
Chase, Salmon, 34—36
Chase, Samuel, 19-20, 22, 25, 33
Chesterton, G . K., 176
Civil disobedience, 131-32, 265, 334
Civil liberty, 244
Civil rights activists. See Activist groups
Civil Rights Act of 1964, 80-81, 102-10, 147
Clark, Brad, 280
Clark, Tom, 72
Classifications, state
differences in, 65—66
discrete and insular minorities as contrived, 58-61
effect of Warren Court decisions on, 73
and equal protection of the laws, 64
Clifford, Nathan, 41
Commerce clause
as instrument for economic regulation, 51-52
interpretation encroaching on state regulation, 56-57
as interpreted in Gibbons and Willson, 27
Common Cause, 341
Confirmation hearings
campaign against, 9-10, 282-93
impact on conduct of future hearings, 346-47
impact on legal community of, 347
opposition tactics to distort, 308
plan to postpone, 283
Congressional powers
constitutional limits to, 56
Conrad, Kent, 309
Constitution, U.S.
Article I, section 8, 51-52
Article VI, clauses 2 and 3, 174
contracts clause of article I, section 10, 229
countermajoritarian nature of guarantees in, 173
departure from original understanding of, 130-31
guarantee of republican form of government, 85
interpretation through original understanding, 159-60
meaning of section 5 of fourteenth amendment, 92
preservation of states’ autonomy, 4
Privileges and Immunities Clause of, 180-81
protection of both men and women, 328
protection of individual privacy by, 246
protection of minorities by, 60
separation of powers, 139
sources for understanding, 165
when not considered as law, 171-76
Constitutional Convention
attempts to include judicial policy role, 154
Constitutional law, 133-38
and effect of Brown opinion, 77-78
and importance of original understanding, 352
and legal realism, 71-72
liberalism and ultraliberalism in, 7
moral choices in revisionist theories of, 251
Constitutional law—Continued
when changed by judicial power, 119-20
Consumers Union, 341
Consumer welfare, 331-32
Contracts clause, 229
Cooley, Thomas, 40
Court packing, 23, 53-54, 57
Cox, Archibald, 272, 278
Cranston, Alan, 283
Cribb, Ken, 275
Criminal law, 73
Critical Legal Studies, 207-8, 339
Culvahouse, A. B., 275-76
Currie, David, 27, 32, 39
Curtis, Benjamin, 33-34
Cutler, Lloyd, 279-80, 338
Danforth, John, 281, 297, 315
Death penalty, 221, 274-75
Brennan position on, 219
subject for legislative decision, 9
DeConcini, Dennis, 281, 285, 296, 310
DeMuth, Christopher, 321
Devlin, Lord, 249
Director, Aaron, 225
Discrete and insular minorities, 58-61
Discrimination
ethnic, 107, 109
gender, 104-6
private racial, 147
Tribe position on racial, 205-6 See also Preferences; Quotas; Racial equality; Women’s rights
Dole, Robert, 297, 311, 315
Douglas, William O., 56, 62-64, 72, 73
creation in Griswold of right of privacy, 97-98, 220
on equal protection, 90-91
on first amendment, 148
influence in New Deal and Warren Courts, 135-36
Due process clause
creation of liberty of contract in, 45
fifth amendment, 37, 46
of fourteenth amendment, 37, 231, 238
interpretation in Allgeyer, 43-4-4
interpretation in Dred Scott, 31
interpretation of liberty in, 43-44
interpreted as equal protection, 83
and protection of economic liberty, 57-61
use in Poe, 231, 238
Due process clause, substantive, 31-32, 60, 83, 129
Harlan’s interpretation of, 231-33
opinions in Michael H. using, 236-40
Dukakis, Michael, 307, 343
Dukes, Hazel, 284
Dworkin, Ronald, 176-77
Economic liberties, 56-58, 61, 224
Economic regulation, 51
Court limits on national level for, 51-52
use of substantive due process to invalidate state, 36-7 See also Commerce clause
Egalitarianism
effect of, 245-46
of left-liberal groups, 245
theme of Warren Court, 72-73
of Tribe, 200, 206
Eighth amendment, 274-75
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 74, 77
Ely, John Hart, 32
constitutional theory of, 194—99
departure from Constitution of, 207
on due process, 180
on enforcement of Constitution, 161
on equal protection clause, 182-83
as example of intellectual class position, 242
on footnote four of Carolene Products opinion, 194—95
on ninth amendment, 183, 185
on original understanding, 162, 178-79
on Privileges and Immunities Clause, 180-81
support for Warren Court of, 194
Environmental Defense Fund, 341
Epstein, Richard, 223, 229-31
Equality, 81-82, 92-93
racial, 148-50
Equal protection clause, 90-91
application to states only, 37, 83
decision in Croson, 108
expansion of use in Warren Court of, 73
forbidding racial segregation by government, 147
of fourteenth amendment, 37
opinion in Brown using, 75-77
in Plessy, 74
protection of women under, 328-29
and right of privacy, 110-26
Equal protection of the laws, 64
Evans, Daniel, 285
Exon, James, 309
Fairman, Charles, 39
Federalism
guarantee in tenth amendment for, 4, 52, 184-85
preservation of concept of, 52, 159
as protection of individual liberty, 52-53 See also Commerce clause; States; States’ power
Federalists and Bill of Rights, 93
Fehrenbacher, Don, 34
Feminist Men’s Alliance, 289-90, 323, 325
Field, Stephen, 38
Fifteenth amendment, 36
Fifth amendment
takings clause of, 229 See also Due process clause
First amendment, 147-48
freedom of speech guarantee in, 301-5
moral relativism embedded in, 247
protection of freedom of religion, 246
Rehnquist Court interpretation of freedoms under, 126-28
Fish, Hamilton, 297
Ford,
Gerald, 106-7, 297
Fortas, Abe, 72, 128
Founders
bequest of self-government, 352
intent to limit powers of government, 163
intent for role of judges, 184
and republican form of government, 86
role of judiciary intended by, 154
silence on meaning of ninth amendment, 183
Fourteenth amendment
development of substantive content in due process clause, 129
due process clause of, 36-37
primary purpose of, 180See also Due process clause; Equal protection clause
Fourth amendment
guarantee of privacy in, 169-70
protection of privacy, 246
right of privacy under, 123
Frankfurter, Felix, 56, 231
on constitutionality, 156
dissent in Baker, 87
on precedent, 156
Frankfurter-Jackson wing, New Deal Court, 69
Freedom of association, 79
Freedom of religion, 94-95, 125
decisions curtailing, 94—95
moral interpretation by Court for, 247
protection by first amendment of, 246
Freedom of speech
Bork record on, 333-36
first amendment guarantee used in Texas v. Johnson, 127
Freedom of the press in Oilman, 167
French Revolution, 355
Friedman, Milton, 255
Friendly, Henry, 165
Garment, Suzanne, 321
Gender. See Discrimination; Preferences
Gephardt, Richard, 284
Gerry, Elbridge, 154
Gilles, Steve, 280
Ginsburg, Douglas, 292-93
Goldberg, Arthur J., 72
Goldwin, Robert, 321
Graglia, Lino, 223-24
Grano, Joseph, 223-24
Grant, Ulysees, 54
Grassley, Charles, 296, 299, 307
Grey, Thomas, 209-10
Hamilton, Alexander, 154
Hand, Learned, 6, 224
Handler, Milton, 73
Harlan, John Marshall, 74, 223
on Harper decision, 324
on obscenity, 248-49
on poll tax, 91
use of due process of fourteenth amendment, 231-35
Hatch, Orrin, 296, 298, 307
Haynesworth, Clement, 348
Hearings. See Confirmation hearings
Heflin, Howell, 285, 296
Hills, Carta, 280
Himmelfarb, Gertrude, 137, 249
Hoadly, Bishop, 176
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr., 6, 45, 46, 47-48, 63, 248
Homosexuality, 9, 249-50
position of Richards on criminalization of, 211-12
and right of privacy in Bowers, 115-26
subject for legislative decision, 9
Howard, Jacob M., 181
Hughes, Charles Evans, 58, 176
Human Life Bill, 289-90, 325
Hume, David, 255, 256
Humphrey, Gordon J., 296, 299, 307