Koch brothers, 5.1, 14.1, 18.1, 18.2
Kodak
Kohlberg Kravis Roberts
Koum, Jan
labor-saving technology. See robots
labor unions, itr.1, 4.1, 11.1
accomplishments, 3.1, 10.1, 13.1, 17.1
antitrust lawsuits against, 5.1, 13.1
campaign contributions
collective bargaining rights, 3.1, 10.1, 13.1, 16.1, 17.1, 18.1, 20.1
corporate bankruptcies, 7.1, 13.1
declining membership, 13.1, 13.2, 18.1
declining power, 13.1, 18.1
employer anti-unionism, 13.1, 14.1, 18.1
right-to-work laws, 13.1, 16.1, 18.1
service sector jobs, 13.1, 20.1
land ownership
Lazonick, William
Lease, Mary
Lehman Brothers, 7.1, 8.1
Lester, T. William
Leviathan (Hobbes)
Levin, Sander M.
Levy, Frank
Lew, Jack
liability protections
Libor scandal
life expectancy
Lincoln, Blanche
Lincoln Center
Lippmann, Walter, 13.1, 18.1
Lloyd, Henry Demarest
lobbying activity, 3.1, 11.1, 18.1
agribusinesses
high-tech industry, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
pharmaceutical companies
revolving doors with Washington, 5.1, 5.2, 9.1, 16.1, 18.1, 19.1
Trist v. Child decision
Wall Street banks, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, 16.1, 18.1
Lorenzo, Frank
Malone, John
Mankiw, N. Gregory, 11.1, 14.1
Mark 1 nuclear reactor
Market Basket
market reorganization. See reform of the economy
markets. See free markets
Marshall, Alfred
Marx, Karl
massive open online courses (MOOCs)
mass production era
McCain, John, 5.1, 19.1
McCain-Feingold Act of 2002
McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission, 18.1, 18.2, 19.1
McDonald’s
McGuire, William D.
McKinley, William
McKinnell, Hank A.
Means, Gardiner C.
median household earnings, 13.1, 17.1
meritocracy, 10.1, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1
Mickey Mouse Protection Act of 1998
Microsoft, 4.1, 5.1
middle classes. See workers and middle classes
Milken, Michael
Minerals Management Service
minimum wage, 10.1, 12.1, 14.1, 18.1
potential reforms
public assistance programs
Mitchell, Dan
mobile health applications
The Modern Corporation and Private Property (Berle and Means)
monopoly power, 1.1, 2.1, 5.1, 13.1
antitrust law, 5.1, 20.1, 23.1
combined economic and political dominance
consumer prices, 3.1, 5.1
decline in new business formation
employee noncompete clauses
ensured dominance
potential reforms
repression of small businesses
Monsanto, 5.1, 8.1
Murnane, Richard
Murphy, Chris
National Association of Manufacturers
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 8.1, 8.2
nationalist movements, itr.1, 18.1
National Labor Relations Act of 1935, 13.1, 13.2
National Labor Relations Board
National Restaurant Association
National Retail Federation
National Rifle Association
National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act
National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program
NBCUniversal
new business formation, 5.1, fig5.2
New Deal, itr.1, 13.1, 17.1, 18.1
financial reforms, 18.1, 19.1, 20.1
Progressive Party platform
The New Division of Labor (Levy and Murnane)
The New Freedom (Wilson)
news media
New York Federal Reserve Board
nondisclosing 501c(4) organizations, fig. 9, 18.1
non-working rich, 10.1, 14.1, 15.1
inherited wealth, 9.1, 14.1, 15.1, 23.1
philanthropy
tax policies
Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 13.1, 18.1, 19.1
Northwest Airlines
Oakland County, Michigan
Obama, Barack
Affordable Care Act of 2010, 5.1, 18.1
estate tax policies
pro-business policies, 5.1, 18.1
Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement, 17.1, 19.1
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
O’Connor, Sandra Day
Oracle
organ sales
Orszag, Peter
outsourced jobs, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1, 18.1
Page, Benjamin, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3
Paine, Thomas
parents’ foundations
part-time work, 13.1, 14.1
Patagonia
Patent Act of 1790
Patent and Trademark Office, 4.1, 4.2
patents, 4.1, 16.1, nts.1
high-tech companies, 4.1, 5.1
potential reforms
protection time frame, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 20.1
Patterson, L. Brooks
Paul, Rand, 19.1, 19.2
Paulson, Henry, Jr., 5.1, 7.1
pay. See compensation
pension plans, 2.1, 6.1, 7.1, 13.1, 13.2
personal wage and salary income, fig. 3
Pfizer, 4.1, 8.1, 8.2, 11.1
pharmaceutical companies
drug costs, 4.1, 19.1
liability protections
marketing practices
monopoly power
Obama’s Affordable Care Act of 2010
patient-specific drugs
pay-for-delay agreements, 4.1, 16.1, 20.1
product hopping, 4.1, 16.1
trade protections
philanthropy
Phillips, Judson
Piketty, Thomas, 9.1, 15.1, 17.1, 22.1
Plant Variety Protection Act of 1970
Polanyi, Karl
political activism. See countervailing power; reform of the economy
political economy, itr.1, 5.1, 16.1
See also power centers; rules of markets
political parties
local and state level, itr.1, 18.1, 18.2
third party potential
top-down power
political power. See power centers
poverty, 14.1, 14.2
public assistance, 14.1, 15.1, 23.1
working poor, 10.1, 14.1, 15.1, 20.1
See also workers and middle classes
Powell, Michael
power centers, 1.1, 2.1
corporate and financial elites, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1, 5.1, 9.1, 15.1, 16.1, 18.1
countervailing groups, itr.1, 2.1, 3.1, 13.1, 16.1, 16.2, 18.1
Supreme Court decisions, 3.1, 8.1, 18.1, 18.2, 19.1
A Preface to Democratic Theory (Dahl)
price pumping and buybacks, 11.1, 16.1, 20.1
Princeton University, 10.1, 15.1
Principles of Economics (Marshall)
productivity increases, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 17.1
Progress and Poverty (George), 4.1, nts.1
Progressive Era
Progressive Party
property, 2.1, 4.1, 13.1, 16.1
consumer prices
copyrights
corporate shareholder stakes, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 7.1, 11.1, 13.1
evolution of
intellectual property, 1.1, 4.1, 13.1, 16.1, 19.1, 20.1
patent
law, 4.1, nts.1
potential reforms, 20.1, 23.1, 23.2
vs. public ownership
scarcity of resources
voting rights
Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act of 2005
public. See workers and middle classes
public assistance, 14.1, 14.2, 15.1, 23.1
public campaign financing system
public good. See social contract
Publicity Act of 1910
Public Opinion (Lippmann)
public schools
public trust. See confidence in economic institutions; social contract
public universities
Putnam, Robert
Rau, P. Raghavendra
Rawls, John
Reagan, Ronald, 11.1, 13.1
air traffic controller policies, 13.1, 18.1
estate tax policies
recession. See Great Recession of 2008–09
redistribution of wealth, itr.1, 10.1, 13.1, 16.1
alteration of market rules, 13.1, 15.1
CEO compensation, itr.1, 10.1, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1
education funding, 14.1, 20.1
layoffs and payroll cuts
middle-class bargaining power
non-working rich, 10.1, 14.1, 15.1
upward pre-distributions of free markets, 20.1, 22.1
working poor, 10.1, 14.1
See also reform of the economy
re-employment system
reform of the economy, itr.1, 2.1, 17.1, 23.1
activist government, itr.1, 2.1
basic minimum income policies
campaign finance reforms, 19.1, 22.1
CEO compensation reforms
corporate governance reforms
countervailing power in, itr.1, 2.1, 3.1, 13.1, 18.1
ending upward pre-distributions, 20.1, 22.1
expert funding disclosures
inherited wealth
New Deal, itr.1, 13.1, 17.1, 18.1
political challenges
tax policies
Reich, Michael
Reich, Rob
Republican Party
anti-establishment wing
corporate and wealthy contributors
redistribution of wealth
SEC and DoJ appointees
slavery policies
right-to-work states, 13.1, 16.1, 18.1
The Rise of the Meritocracy (Young)
Rivera, Lauren
robber barons
Roberts, Brian L.
Roberts, George
Roberts, Owen
robots, 22.1, 23.1
routine production work
service sector jobs
symbolic-analytic services
Rockefeller, John D., 5.1, 5.2, 15.1
Rockefeller Foundation
Romney, Mitt, 5.1, 19.1
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
coalition of 1932
New Deal, itr.1, 13.1, 17.1, 18.1, 18.2
Roosevelt, Theodore, 5.1, 17.1, 19.1
routine production services
Rubin, Robert, 5.1, 18.1
rules of markets
corporate control, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1, 5.1, 9.1, 16.1
decreased American confidence in, itr.1, 8.1, 17.1, 18.1, 19.1, 23.1, nts.1
enforcement mechanisms, 2.1, 8.1, 13.1, 13.2
government’s role, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1, 9.1, 13.1, 16.1
potential reforms, 20.1, 22.1, 23.1
subversion of the social contract, itr.1, 17.1
upward redistribution of wealth, itr.1, 10.1, 13.1, 15.1, 16.1, 20.1, 22.1
Ryan, Edward G.
Ryan, Paul, 5.1, 15.1
SAC Capital Advisors, 10.1, 12.1
Safari browser
salaries. See compensation
Samsung
satisfaction of Americans, 17.1, 18.1, 19.1
savings and loan banks
Scalia, Antonin
Schleicher, Andreas
Schulman, Daniel
Schultz, Howard
Scottish separatism
Scott Paper
Second Bank of the United States
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 8.1, 11.1, 11.2
CEO pay ratios
enforcement staff
insider trading policies
Republican appointees
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 6.1, 12.1, 18.1
service sector jobs, 13.1, 14.1, 20.1, 22.1
automation
minimum wage debates
Shad, John
shareholder capitalism
shareholders
corporate obligations to, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 7.1, 11.1, 13.1
dominance
losses to executive stock-option and buyout policies, 11.1, 11.2, 20.1
voting rights, 8.1, 11.1, 20.1
Shepherd, Joanna
Sherman, John
Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, 5.1, 13.1
Simon, Herbert
slavery, 4.1, 4.2, 14.1
small business, itr.1, itr.2
big businesses’ hobbling of, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 18.1, 19.1
high interest rates
New Deal protections
redistributions of wealth
smaller government, itr.1, 1.1, 16.1
See also government’s role in markets
Smit, Neil
social contract, itr.1, itr.2, 8.1, 9.1, 17.1
Social Security
socioeconomic class. See superwealthy elites; workers and middle classes
Sons of Wichita (Schulman)
Sony
SpeechNow.org v. Federal Election Commission, 18.1
Stanford University
Starbucks
stock market. See Wall Street trading
stock options
student debt, 7.1, 10.1, 20.1
Sullivan, Martin
Sunbeam
super PACs and dark money, 18.1, fig. 9, 18.2
superwealthy elites
campaign contributions, 5.1, 8.1, 12.1, 12.2, 17.1, 18.1, 18.2
Citizens United decision, 3.1, 8.1, 18.1, 18.2, 19.1
education achievement gap, 14.1, 15.1, 20.1
inequality of wealth and income, 9.1, 17.1
international trade policies
Jacksonian-era cautions against
labor-saving technologies
meritocracy assumptions, 10.1, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1
philanthropy
political and market power, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1, 5.1, 9.1, 15.1, 16.1, 18.1
sources of wealth, 9.1, 10.1
See also CEO compensation; corporations; Wall Street banks
Supreme Court. See U.S. Supreme Court
symbolic-analytic services
Taft, William Howard
Taft-Hartley Act of 1947
Taney, Roger B.
taxpayer subsidies
of elite university education
of minimum wage policies
of Wall Street, 1.1, 7.1, 8.1, 12.1
tax policy
capital gains, 11.1, 12.1, 15.1, 23.1
CEO pay packages
corporate loopholes, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1
estate taxes, 15.1, 23.1
philanthropy
potential reforms
school funding discrepancies
top marginal tax rate
Tea Party
See also Republican Party
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), 14.1, 15.1, 23.1
temporary work, 13.1, 14.1
third party
Thomas, Clarence
Tillman Act of 1907
Time Warner
TPG
trade agreements
job outsourcing, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1, 18.1
NAFTA, 13.1, 18.1, 19.1
pharmaceutical companies
protectionism, 3.1, 13.1
protection of American workers
Trans-Pacific Part
nership, 17.1, 19.1
tragedy of the commons, 4.1, 4.2
Trans-Pacific Partnership, 17.1, 19.1
Treaty of Detroit of 1950
Trist v. Child
Truman, David
Trump, Donald
Twitter
Ueda, Kenichi
underwater mortgages, 7.1, 8.1, 20.1
unemployment, 13.1, 14.1
unions. See labor unions
United Airlines
UnitedHealth
United States. See government’s role in markets
university endowments
University of California, Berkeley
unrealized capital gains, 15.1, 23.1
U.S. Supreme Court
American Express Co. v. Italian Colors Restaurant
AT&T Mobility v. Concepcion
Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce
Carter v. Carter Coal Company
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 3.1, 8.1, 18.1, 18.2, 19.1
Comcast v. Behrend
on labor unions
McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission, 18.1, 18.2, 19.1
New Deal rulings
pro-corporate majority, 8.1, 18.1
Trist v. Child, 6.1
Vanderbilt, Cornelius
Vedder, Richard
Viacom
Vitter, David
Volcker Rule restrictions
Volkswagen
voter turnout
wage insurance
Wall Street banks, 17.1, 18.1
bankruptcy regulation, 7.1, 12.1
bonus payments
campaign contributions, 12.1, 12.2, 18.1
collusion scandals
decreased public confidence in, 8.1, 17.1, 18.1, 19.1
deregulation, 1.1, 5.1, 18.1, 18.2
Dodd-Frank reforms, 5.1, 8.1, 12.1, 19.1
economic and political power
elite college graduates at
Glass-Steagall reforms, 18.1, 19.1, 20.1
government bailout of 2008, 1.1, 7.1, 8.1, 12.1, 18.1, 18.2
government subsidies
investigations and fines
lobbying activity, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, 16.1, 18.1
revolving door with Washington, 5.1, 18.1, 19.1
risk-taking, 7.1, 12.1
size limits
top five banks
Volcker Rule trading restrictions
Wall Street trading
high-frequency trading, 6.1, 6.2, 10.1, 20.1
insider trading, 6.1, 11.1, 12.1, 20.1
investigations and fines
pension fund investments
Walmart, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1, 18.1
Walton family, 14.1, 15.1, 23.1
Warren, Elizabeth, 19.1, 19.2
Washington Post
The Way Forward (Ryan)
wealth (definition)
Wealth Against Commonwealth (Demarest)
wealth sharing
Weder di Mauro, Beatrice
Welch, Jack
welfare, 14.1, 15.1, 23.1