troops exhausted, 317
Opdam refuses to serve with, 318
at battle of Ramillies, 338, 341, 346
and attempted French landing in Scotland, 369
at battle of Oudenarde, 386–8
attends council of war with Marlborough, 391
death, 402
Oxenstiern, General Gabriel, 429
Oxford:
Charles calls Parliament in (1681), 91
Oxford, Aubrey de Vere, 20th Earl of, 27, 50, 138, 158
Oxford and Mortimer, Robert Harley, 1st Earl of:
and creation of peers, 28–9
and succession to Anne, 192, 468
Cadogan asks leave to accompany Marlborough on travels, 211
Strafford praises Cadogan to, 217
and Parliament’s refusal of pension to Marlborough, 234
and Marlborough’s attack on Lines of Brabant, 247, 315
and payment for Blenheim Palace, 301, 445
influence on Anne, 304
and Sunderland’s appointment to Vienna, 304
Marlborough writes to on 1705 campaign, 310
and Marlborough’s 1706 operations against Villeroi, 333
in Anne’s all-party government, 351, 353–4
and Abigail Masham, 354–5, 412, 438
criticises management of war in Spain, 363
Godolphin and Marlborough demand dismissal, 363–4
and Greg’s treasonable activities, 363
Marlborough’s relations with, 365
leaves government, 373
relations with Anne, 412
opposition policy, 438
and Sacheverell trial, 438
heads government, 442, 447
urges dismissal of Godolphin, 443
arranges dismissal of de Cardonnel, 445
attempts to deny Marlborough’s patronage, 447
Marlborough requests funding for 1711 campaign, 454
opens peace negotiations with Torcy, 458
and Marlborough’s wish for end to war, 460
calls on Anne to dismiss Marlborough, 461
and Philip V of Spain and Treaty of Utrecht, 462
and Marlborough’s departure for continent, 464
dismissed by Anne, 469
impeached, 470, 472
Paget, John, 184
Palatinate:
Turenne’s campaign in, 81
Pallavicini, Lieutenant General Charles Emmanuel, Baron, 368
Palmer, Lady Barbara (Lady Barbara Fitzroy), 65
Palmes, Major General Francis, 292–3, 324, 360, 416
Palmes, Patrick, 36
Panton, Thomas, 431
Parke, Colonel Dan, 297–8
Parker, Captain Robert:
on battle of Malplaquet, 8, 428
dismissed by Tyrconnell, 133
Protestantism, 133
on siege of Venlo, 228
and capture of Liège, 229
and surrender of Chartreuse, 230
and Farewell’s raid on Marlborough’s yacht, 231
on Villeroi’s attack on Tongres, 241
on Opdam’s flight to Breda, 245
describes marches, 262
action at Blenheim, 285, 287, 291
on drowned soldiers on broken bridge over Danube, 295
criticises Slangenburg, 323–4
at Ramillies, 334, 336, 340–2, 345
on ground at Oudenarde, 385
on Marlborough’s reconnaissance of Villars’ position, 455
in siege of Bouchain, 457
on orders to Ormonde, 462
on Examiner’s accusing Marlborough of cowardice, 463
praises Marlborough, 480–1
Parliament:
Convention, 44, 156
and Charles II’s request for funds for Dutch War, 77
Charles II dissolves, 91
and Popish Plot, 91
and religious differences, 110
James II dissolves, 131–2
refuses pension to Marlborough, 234
supports funding of war, 330, 355–6
first United Kingdom sitting (1707), 363
Anne dissolves (1710), 444
approves Treaty of Utrecht, 462
see also Commons, House of; Lords, House of
Pascal, Colonel, 402
Paschall, Revd Andrew, 16, 127
peace negotiations:
Victor Amadeus-France (1696), 188
Alliance-French (1709–10), 215–16, 409–11, 410–21, 416, 435, 441, 458–60
French-Dutch (1705), 318–20
see also Carlowitz, Peace of; Nijmegen, Peace of; Utrecht, Treaty of
Pembroke, Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of, 325, 409
Pendlebury, Colonel, 221
Penn, William, 18, 198
Pennefather, Colonel Matthew, 207
Penruddock, Colonel John, 43
Pepys, Samuel:
in Tangier, 10, 59, 82
view of Marlborough, 10
on Nell Gwyn, 27
on James II’s mistresses, 47
and Charles II’s army, 49
on court life, 55
on Charles II’s relations with Queen, 62
on behaviour of maids of honour, 84
rebuilds British fleet, 90
on loss of Gloucester, 97–9
Perryman, Robert, 222
Peter I (the Great), Tsar of Russia, 306
Peterborough, Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of, 208–9, 280, 350–1, 368
Petre, Father, 129
Pfeiffer, Major General, 382
Philip V, King of Spain (earlier Philippe, duc d’Anjou):
and War of Spanish Succession, 192–3, 357, 410, 420
and peace negotiations (1709–10), 435, 458
recognised as king of Spain, 458
and succession to French throne, 462
Philipsburg, 159–60
Pick, Lieutenant, 69
Plassendale (Passchendaele), 399
Plattenburg, General, 382
Plessen, Christian Siegfried von, 107
Plymouth:
and William’s invasion, 147
poisons, affair of the (France, 1670s), 66–7
Poltava, battle of (1709), 47
Pope, Alexander, 473
Popish Plot (1678), 17, 91–2
Portland, William Bentinck, 1st Earl of:
as William’s adviser, 158
differences with Marlboroughs, 162–3
earldom, 172
retires, 191
warns Marlborough against leaving army early, 321–2
Portmore, Major General David Colyear, 1st Earl of, 24, 205
Portsmouth, Louise de Kéroualle, Duchess of, 63, 70, 91, 93, 108–9, 312
Portugal:
campaign in, 209, 248, 350, 410
Dutch generals in, 264
agreement with Spain in Treaty of Madrid, 459
postal services:
on Continent, 223
Poulett, John, 2nd Baron, 41–3
Prendergast, Sir Thomas, 207, 372–3, 416, 428
Presbyterians:
excluded from Parliament, 39
Priest, Whadcock, 465
Prince Edward’s Island, 459
Prince (ship), 68
prisoners of war:
exchange of, 366–7
Protestantism:
Whig support for, 37
Marlborough’a commitment to, 138–9
refugees from Palatinate, 441
see also Huguenots
Prussia:
troops in Grand Alliance, 201–2
troops in Brabant, 326
troops at battle of Oudenarde, 382, 387–8
troops in 1711 campaign, 452–3
claim on Prince of Orange’s territory, 453
public accounts commission:
investigates Marlborough, 460
Puisan, marquis de, 204
Puissiers, Catherine, mar
quise de (née Villiers), 163
Pulteney (supplicant), 446
Purcell, Henry, 143
Puységur, Lieutenant General Jacques François de Chastenet, marquis de, 384, 431–2
Pym, John, 83
Queensberry, James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of (ealier Earl of Drumlanrig), 108
Quesnoy, Le, 453, 462
Raby, Thomas Wentworth, Baron see Strafford, 3rd Earl of
Radcliffe, Dr John, 149
Rain, 278, 280
Rakóczi, Francis, 250–1
Rambaut, Philip, 441
Ramillies, battle of (1706):
Danish dragoons at, 202
Cadogan reports on French deployment at, 217
pursuit following, 220
Marlborough’s tactics at, 242
French manoeuvres at, 286
deployment and engagement, 332–47, 479
casualties, 348
effects of victory, 349, 356
Allied guns at, 478
fought on Sunday, 478–9
Rantzau, Major General Josef, 382, 384, 385
Rastatt, Treaty of (1714), 459
Ratisbon, 251
Regency Act (1705), 327, 329
Regiments (British):
Bevil Skelton’s, 79
Black Watch, 471
Calthorp’s, 75
Cameronians (Fergusson’s), 165, 340
Coldstream Guards, 48, 50, 122, 124, 161
Duchess’s, 89
Duke of Berwick’s, 140
Duke of St Alban’s Horse, 148
Duke of York’s, 79
Earl of Arran’s, 211
Earl of Dumbarton’s (later Orkney’s), 114, 118, 120–1, 126, 157, 274
Earl of Peterborough’s, 79
Foot Guards (1st), 8, 49–50, 54–5, 122, 124–6, 136, 256, 267, 272, 274, 292, 405, 428
Harrisons’s, 308
Hepburn’s, 52n
Hill’s Foot, 247
Holland, 89
Horse Grenadiers, 116, 117
Horse Guards (‘Oxford Blues’), 50, 111, 114, 116, 122, 148, 158
Irish Dragoons, 347
King’s Own Regiment of Dragoons, 101
Kirke’s, 125
Leigh’s, 209
Life Guards, 50, 52, 54, 100, 116, 161
Lord Arlington’s, 89
Lord Baltimore’s, 209
Lord Forbes’s, 155
Lord High Admiral’s Foot, 61, 69–70
Lord Orrery’s, 217
Lord Raby’s Dragoons, 246
Meredith’s, 340
Princess of Wales’s Royal Regiment, 51
Queen Dowager’s, 111
Queen’s, 367
Queen’s Royal Regiment (2nd of Foot), 51
Royal Dragoons, 120, 124, 148
Royal English, 52, 79
Royal Fusiliers, 162
Royal Regiment of Ireland, 133, 159, 199, 428–9
Royal Scots (1st of Foot), 52
Scots Dragoons, 347
Sir Edward Hales’s, 132
Sir John Fenwick’s, 73
Sir Thomas Prendergast’s, 372
Thomas Erle’s, 210
Trelawney’s, 114, 116, 125, 135
Wade’s, 307
Wallis’s Dragoons, 379
Webb’s, 390
Reichenbach, river, 282
Reynell, Sir Thomas, 42
Rheinberg, 230
Rhine, river, 224, 250, 370–1, 452
Rhineland:
French invade, 146
Richards, Colonel Michael, 280
Richmond, Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of, 464
Ridley, Grace, 475
Riley, John, 25
Rivers, General Richard Savage, 4th Earl (earlier Viscount Colchester), 136, 170, 174, 209, 350, 414, 461
roads, 14–15
Robethon, John de, 260, 261, 467
Rochester, Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of:
staff of office, 13, 180–1
on James Duke of York’s Catholicism, 95
works with Godolphin, 100–1
negotiates Anne’s marriage with Prince George, 106
on Earl of Dorset, 154
and Anne’s parliamentary grant, 164
mediates between Anne and Mary, 178
and Anne’s ill treatment in Bath, 180–1
and refusal of parliamentary grant to Marlborough, 234
refuses move to Ireland, 234
Rochford, William Henry Zulestein, 1st Earl of, 172
Rocques, Guillaume Le Vasseur des, 401
Rodger, N.A.M., 69, 145, 189, 441
Romney, Henry Sidney, Earl of, 137, 142, 179, 195
Ronché, Father, 98
Rooke, Admiral Sir George, 298
Ross, Lieutenant General Charles, 448
Roundway Down, battle of (1643), 40
Rowe, Brigadier Archibald, 264, 291–2
Rowney, Thomas, 301
Rowse, A.L., 63
Roxborough, Robert Ker, 3rd Earl of, 99
Royal Hospitals (Chelsea and Kilmainham), 90, 306–8, 447
Royal James (ship), 68
Ruffy, Major General Anne-Marie-Louis, comte de, 372
Rummersheim, 420
Rupert, Prince Palatine, 41, 61, 78
Rupert’s Land, 459
Russell, Edward see Orford, Earl of
Russell, Colonel John, 49–50, 54
Russell, William, Lord, 17, 91, 93
Ruvigny, marquis de see Galway, 1st Earl of
Ruyter, Admiral Michiel Adriaanszoon de, 68, 78
Ryder, Dudley, 472
Rye House conspiracy (1683), 92
Rysbrack, William, 477
Ryswick, Treaty of (1697), 188, 192, 249
Sabin, Philip, 46
Sabine, Brigadier Joseph, 207, 382, 384
Sacheverell, Henry, 414, 438
Sackville, Major General Edward, 184
St Albans, Henry Jermyn, 1st Earl of, 62
St Amand, 455
St-Eloois-Vijve, 451
St Ghislain, 423
St-Hilaire, Lieutenant General, 390
St John, Henry see Bolingbroke, Viscount
St Michael (ship), 68
St Omer, 454
St Paul’s Cathedral:
Fifth Monarchy men occupy, 49
St Paul’s School:
Marlborough attends, 46
St Ruth, marquis de, 16, 170–1
Saint Simon, Louis de Rouvroy, duc de, 383
St Vaast-la Hougue see La Hougue
St-Venant, 393, 419, 451
Salee:
corsairs, 60
Salisbury (French ship), 215
Salisbury, HMS, 215
Salisch, Lieutenant General Ernst Willem von, 324
Sancroft, William, Archibishop of Canterbury, 131, 178
Sandby, Chaplain Josias, 8, 272–3, 278, 289, 296
Sandwich, Edward Montagu (or Mountagu), 1st Earl of, 68
Sandwich, Edward Montagu, 3rd Earl of, 234
Sandys, Captain (of Blues), 137
Santlow, Hester, 481
Sars Wood, Flanders, 422–4, 426–8, 431
Sarsfield, Patrick, 148–9, 169–70
Saunders, Stephen, 135
Savage, Richard see Rivers, 4th Earl
Saverne, 249
Savoy, Eugène, Prince of see Eugène, Prince of Savoy-Carignan
Savoy, Victor Amadeus, Duke of see Victor Amadeus, Duke of Savoy
Saxe, Marshal Maurice, comte de, 205
Saxe-Gotha, Frederick II, Prince of, 359
Scarborough, Frances, Countess of, 23
Scarburgh, Sir Charles, 98
Scarpe, river, 451–3, 456–7
Schaerken, 385
Scheldt, river, 39, 362, 377, 380, 383, 397, 402, 422, 453
Schellenberg, the, Donauwörth, 269–76, 306, 479
Schomberg, Meinhard, 3rd Duke of, and Duke of Leinster, 130, 157–9, 167–8, 171, 195, 248, 464
Schulenberg, General Lewin Friedrich,
Count, 401, 426, 430
Schultz, Lieutenant General Jobst, Baron of Scholten, 338, 344
Schwenningen, 281–2, 287
Scotland:
Union with England (1707), 31, 327, 353, 356
troops raised, 50
Covenanters in, 93–4
James Duke of York in, 93–5
Test Act, 95
Mackay’s campaign in, 172, 456
and Disarming Acts, 471
Jacobite rebellions (1715 & 1745), 471
Scots brigade, 426
Scott, Sir Edward, 170
Scott, Colonel Robert, 79
Scouller, R.E., 307, 367
Sedgemoor, battle of (1686), 17, 111, 119–25, 127–8
Sedley, Catherine, 47, 87–8, 154
Sedley, Sir Charles, 87
Sensée, river, 452–4
Septennial Act (1716), 31
Settlement, Act of (1701), 192, 468
Seven Bishops:
conflict with James II, 33, 131
Sévigné, Marie, marquise de, 66
Seymour, Conway, 21
Seymour, Sir Edward, 32
Seymour, General, 204
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of, 91–2
Shaw, Captain Alexander, 21
Shaw, Ensign Hugh, 21
Shaw, Sir John, 21
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 19
Sheriffmuir, battle of (1715), 471
Shovell, Admiral Sir Cloudesley, 359, 365
Shrewsbury, Adelhida, Duchess of, 29, 472
Shrewsbury, Charles Talbot, 12th Earl (later Duke) of:
invites William to England, 137
and Anne’s claims for grant, 164
stands bail for Marlborough, 180
friendship with Marlborough, 181
on English methods in War of League of Augsburg, 182
and failed attack on Brest, 183, 185
reappointed secretary of state, 183
admits to helping Middleton in plot against William, 187
and William’s attitude to Marlborough, 191
and unpopularity of Slangenburg, 324
supports Harley, 442
appointments on death of Anne, 469
Shrimpton, Brigadier John, 264
Sidney, Henry see Romney, Earl of
siege warfare, 70–5
Sierck, 310
Silesia, 358
Silly, comte de, 282–3
Silvère, Colonel de la, 296
Sinclair, John, Master of, 21, 208
Sinsheim, battle of (1674), 79–80
Slangenburg, Lieutenant General Frederik Johan Baer, Heer van:
differences with Marlborough, 220, 243, 320, 322–3, 325–6
in attempt on Antwerp, 245
Coehoorn falls out with, 246, 318
proposes advance on Louvain, 316
reputation in United Provinces, 324
Slankamen, battle of (1691), 251
slaves:
agreement under Treaty of Utrecht, 458
smallpox, 16
Smith, John, 443