Strait of Hormuz, 130
Straits of Tiran, 118
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), 36
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START), 36
sub-Saharan Africa. See Africa (sub-Saharan)
subsidies, 39, 50, 162, 222–23, 225, 246, 297, 301
Sudan, 131, 140, 199, 285, 288–89
Sudetenland, 24
Suez Crisis, 117–18
Sunni Islam, 55, 107–8, 113, 122–24, 126–29
Sustainable Development Goals, 213, 250
Sykes-Picot Agreement, 117
Syria, 40, 49, 80–81, 112–113, 118, 120, 125–29, 181, 196, 198, 248, 259, 284–85, 290–91, 294, 300
Taiwan, 82, 85, 88–89, 89, 92–93, 95, 182, 261, 273
Taliban, 55, 107–9, 166–68, 259, 291
tariffs, 21, 162, 218, 220–21, 223–25, 226–27, 247, 282, 297, 301
technology and technological advance
and development, 244, 246, 248–49
and globalization, 159–61
and the internet and cyberspace, 201–7
Internet of Things, 202
and liberal world order, 299, 301
and trade relations, 216, 223–24, 228–29
and World War I, 16
terrorism and counterterrorism, 12, 36, 47–48, 51, 55–56, 62, 102, 105–6, 108–10, 115, 121, 126, 136, 141, 146, 166–72, 167, 175, 181, 201, 203–4, 206, 243, 259–60, 281, 288–89, 294–95, 299, 300
Thailand, 82–84, 89
Thatcher, Margaret, 150
Thirty Years’ War, 3, 5–6, 69, 257, 281
Thucydides, 280
Tiananmen Square protests, 94
total war, 283
trade, 88–89, 152, 159–62, 215–29, 216, 246–47, 296, 298–99, 301
trade adjustment assistance, 227
trade balance (surplus/deficit), 76, 217–18, 220, 232, 234–36
treaties, 278–79. See also alliances; specific treaty names
Treaty of Versailles, 18–19, 22, 24, 26, 71
Treaty of Westphalia, 3–4, 6, 6–8, 257
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), 175–76, 178, 279, 298
Truman, Harry, 27, 31, 42, 85
Truman Doctrine, 31
Trump, Donald, 52, 126–27, 129–30, 153, 190, 197–98, 221, 279, 300
Tunisia, 125
Turkey, 31, 35, 117, 127, 129–30, 149, 198–99, 272, 293, 297
Uganda, 198–99
Uighurs, 50–51
Ukraine
and the Cold War, 33
and nuclear weapons, 178–80, 182
and post–Cold War era, 44, 49, 79–81
and Russian military intervention, 49, 79–81, 260, 281, 285, 300
See also Crimea
unconventional war, 283
underdeveloped countries, 240
ungoverned spaces, 289–90
unipolar/unipolarity, 263
United Arab Emirates, 112, 127
United Kingdom. See Great Britain and the United Kingdom
United Nations (UN), 30–31, 273–75
alliances and coalitions, 34, 46, 85, 268–69
Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), 278–79
and cyberspace, 203
and development, 249
General Assembly, 115, 258, 275
High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), 197
and liberal world order, 296
and migration, 193
and principle of self-defense, 277
and refugees and internally displaced persons, 197–99
and responsibility to protect, 46–47
Security Council, 46–47, 77, 85, 120, 178, 274–76, 275, 297, 299
and self-determination, 261–62
United States
and Afghanistan, 107–9, 124, 166–68, 295, 299
alliance system, 89, 266–67
and the Americas, 143, 145, 151, 153
and Asian geopolitics, 94–95
and climate change, 185–86
and Cold War, 29–33, 36–42, 263
and cyber issues, 203–5
and decolonization, 33
and development, 240–41, 243
and global health issues, 208
and globalization, 161
and interwar period, 20
and liberal world order, 296–303
and migration, 193–96
and monetary policy, 233–39, 234
and nuclear proliferation, 173–78, 179, 180–82
and post–Cold War era, 47, 49–53, 56–57
and preventive/preemptive war, 284–85
and responsibility to protect doctrine, 47, 259
Sino-American relations, 49–51, 57, 93–94, 203, 218–19
and South Asia, 99, 105, 109–10
and trade relations, 215–20, 226
U.S.-Russia relations, 49, 71, 79–81, 279
and World War I, 14–16
United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), 153, 226
U.S. Federal Reserve, 236–37
Venezuela, 55, 114, 145, 150–52, 198, 231, 290
Vietnam, 34–35, 84, 86–88, 302
Vietnam War, 34–35, 82, 86–88, 94
war and warfare, 280–87, 283, 286
Warsaw Pact, 36, 44, 72, 266, 268
geographical depiction of, 30
Washington, George, 14
weak states, 55, 63, 146, 243, 288–90, 294, 300
wealth inequality, 48, 56, 69, 76, 81, 101, 140, 147, 169, 245, 249–50, 291, 299
weapons of mass destruction (WMD), 53, 173, 175, 204. See also nuclear weapons and proliferation
Weber, Max, 258
Weimar Republic, 21–22
West Bank, 118, 119, 120–21
West Berlin, 33, 38, 41, 43, 149
Western Europe, 7, 64, 72–73
West Germany, 33, 43–44, 70, 73
Wilson, Woodrow, 17, 20
World Bank, 50, 213, 232, 240–41, 296–97
World Health Organization (WHO), 212–13
World Trade Organization (WTO), 50, 216, 223–26, 228, 260, 296–97, 301
World War I
American entry, 15–16
casualties of, 16, 282
Central and Allied powers, 15
end of, 18–20
and Kurds, 127
and Middle East regional history, 117
and origins of World War II, 26
outbreak of, 14
World War II
and African regional history, 134
American entry, 27
and Asian geopolitics, 91, 94
and Asian regional history, 82, 85–86
casualties of, 27–28, 282
causes and outcomes of, 21–28
and European regional history, 69
and nation-building efforts, 295
and refugees, 196
and South Asian regional history, 104
Xi Jinping, 50–51
Yalta conference, 30–31
Yemen, 112, 125, 128, 285, 290–91, 294, 300
Yom Kippur War (October War), 40, 118–19
Yugoslavia, 19, 46, 73, 78, 276, 280, 291
Zika, 210
Zimbabwe, 231
Zimmermann Telegram, 15
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Dr. Richard Haass is president of the Council on Foreign Relations. An experienced diplomat and policymaker
, he served as the senior Middle East adviser to President George H. W. Bush, as director of the Policy Planning Staff under Secretary of State Colin Powell, and as the U.S. envoy to both the Cyprus and Northern Ireland peace talks. A recipient of the Presidential Citizens Medal, the State Department's Distinguished Honor Award, and the Tipperary International Peace Award, he is also the author or editor of fourteen other books, including the best-selling A World in Disarray.
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