Blix, Hans 520
Block, Lieutenant 145
Bloomer-Reeve, Carlos 394, 412
‘Blue Book’ 2–3, 395–6
Bluff Cove (Falklands) 400
Blum, Eberhard 450, 452
Blunkett, David 510, 522
Blunt, Anthony 36, 37, 83, 188, 224, 225, 364, 367
Board of Trade 241
Bodsworth, William 69, 80
Boizenburg (Germany) 127
Bolivia 52, 300
Bonnet, Georges 52
Bonsall, Arthur ‘Bill’ 110
Bontoft, Gerry 352
Borehamwood (aka ‘Department B’, London) 181, 182, 190
Borisenko, Alexsandr Ivanovich 236, 237
Borneo 6, 148, 164–8, 250
Bosnia 8, 9, 471–4, 512
BOSS (South African secret service) 357
Bourbon (Soviet radio intercepts) 75
Boyce, Ed 377
Bracknell (Berkshire) 113
Bradley, General Omar 116
Bradshaw, Mike 423
Brauntoltz, George 432
Bremerhaven (Germany) 116
Brezhnev, Leonid 245, 247
Brezhnev Doctrine 244
Bride (UK code-name for Venona) 80
Bridges, Sir Edward 42, 141–2, 181
Brinks Mat bullion robbery (1983) 505
British Army 14–15, 63, 451, 469, 472; 9 Signals Regiment 162, 327, 383–4; 13 Signals Regiment 166, 228, 493; 14 Signals Regiment 524, 525, 534; 40 Commando 525; British Army on the Rhine 248, 412; First Armoured Division 467, 525; Queen’s Dragoon Guards 525; ‘Rhino Force’ 467; Royal Armoured Corps 248; satellites 198, 208–9, 223, 243, 258, 262–3, 340, 342, 344, 345–8, 347–8, 376, 377, 401, 415, 421, 437–8, 441, 442–3, 445–7, 460–1, 478; sigint units 162, 166–7, 218–19, 228, 327, 383–4, 493, 524, 525, 534; Special Air Service (SAS) 164, 165, 168, 248–51, 359, 409, 410, 411, 468, 472, 475, 536, 583; Special Boat Service (SBS) 333, 409, 410, 411, 443, 468; Special Operations Executive (SOE) 36, 51; Special Reconnaissance Squadron 248
British European Airways (BEA) 129
British Indian Ocean Territories (BIOT) 334
‘British Intelligence and Weapons of Mass Destruction’ (Butler Report) 2
British Leyland 367–8
British Military Mission (Brixmis) 123, 245–6, 247, 252
British Nuclear Fuels Ltd 500
British Psychological Society 433–4
British Tabulating Machine Company 349
British Telecom 545; Medium Wave Tower (Holyhead) 500
Britten, Douglas 230–8, 369, 382
Broadcasting Standards Authority 481
Broadside operation (US Embassy intercepts in Moscow) 280–1
Brockway, Ernst 383
Brook, Sir Norman 142, 219–20
Brooks, Richard 399
Brooks Field (Michigan) 120
Brown, Gordon 498
Brundrett, Sir Frederick 177, 178
Brunei, Sultan of 164, 586
BRUSA agreement (1943) 43, 44, 121, 151
Brussels 179, 253
Brzezinski, Zbigniew 448
Buffham, Benson 381, 424
Bufton, Air Vice Marshal 207
bugging operations 176–82, 193, 196–7, 473–4, 479, 482, 499
Bulganin, Nikolai 140
Bulgaria 518, 519
Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND, German foreign intelligence service) 214–15, 422–3, 438, 447–51, 452–4, 455, 456, 471, 472, 524
Bundy, William ‘Bill’ 50, 356, 363, 364
Bunyan, Tony 361
Burgess, Guy 8, 37, 73, 82, 83, 84–5, 224, 225, 238, 367
Burma 65
Burrough, John 598
Burton, Sir Edmund 527
Burton-Miller, T.R.W. 57, 191, 577
Bush, George H.W. 356–7
Bush, George W. 511, 517, 532
Butler, Lord 2, 428, 482, 529–31, 610
Byers, Stephen 506–7
Byrnes, Jimmy 53
‘C’ (head of SIS) 16, 24, 67
Cabell, Charles 96
Cabinet Office Intelligence Coordinator 241, 245, 264, 353, 354, 360, 387, 399, 504
Cable, Danielle 505, 506
Cable, James 278
cable vetting 238–41
Cable & Wireless 240, 312, 392
Cadogan, Sir Alexander 23–4, 26, 39, 45, 70
Cairncross, John 36–7, 73, 82, 364
Cairo (Egypt) 58, 159, 179, 185
Callaghan, James 324, 325, 330, 333, 361, 391
Calvi, Roberto 407
Calvocoressi, Peter 59, 61
Cameron, Stephen 505
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) 368
Campbell, Alastair 517, 523, 530
Campbell, Duncan 8, 358, 360, 361, 362, 423, 458–9
Canada 38, 89, 93, 95, 97–8, 178, 447, 533; Canadian CBNRC 348; Canadian Communications Security Establishment (CSE) 381, 447; Canadian Joint Intelligence Committee 92
Canine, Ralph 101, 174, 336
Canyon satellite 376
Cape Canaveral (Florida) 322, 437, 461
Cape Matapan, Battle of (1941) 60
Capenhurst Tower (Cheshire) 500–1
Caraman, Mihai 253–4
Carey-Foster, William 185, 188, 228
Carlile of Berriew, Lord 543–4
Carpenter, Harry 598
Carrington, Lord 282–3, 284, 294, 389, 394, 396, 423–4
Carsamba (Turkey) 311–12
Carter, Jimmy 390, 448
Carter, Marshall 264, 272, 273–4, 350
Carter, Pat 448
Cartwright, Ian 328
Carver, Michael 334
Casey, Bill 457
Caspian Sea 112, 132, 161, 301, 302
Castle, Barbara 240
Castro, Fidel 226, 341
Catroux, Georges 52
Caucasus 131, 157
Caviar (Soviet encyphered traffic) 49, 69
Cayan, Mahir 309, 310–15, 314
Caygill, David 445
Celebes 167
Cellnet 481
Cemgil, Sinan 306
Central Gunnery School (Leconfield) 126
Central Signals Establishment 113–14
Ceylon 58, 69, 160, 259, 352
Chagos Islands 278, 335
Chamberlain, Neville 3, 18
Charles, Prince 482
Cheadle (Cheshire) 34, 63, 231
Chechnya 494–5
chemical weapons 470–1, 516
Chevaline project (upgrading of Polaris) 438–40, 459
Cheyne, Bill 166
Chicago Islands 278
Chicksands (Bedfordshire) 63, 360, 535
Chifley, Ben 86, 88, 94
Chile 357, 394, 396, 517
China 98, 129, 150–5, 193–5, 256, 273, 277, 282, 285, 376, 475–8; Chinese Communist Party 150; People’s Liberation Army 151
Chinese language teaching 598
Ching Peng 149, 150
Chippewa Falls (Minnesota) 350
Chirac, Jacques 520–1
Chitty, Brigadier 55
Chiverton, Roy 476
Chum Hom Kok (Hong Kong) 475–6
Church, Frank 356, 357
Church Committee 356, 357
Churchill, Winston 84; addiction to ‘Ultra’ intelligence 1; and airborne incidents 128, 129; and bugging operations 177; comments on the Belgians and Dutch 52; and cypher security 56; and diplomatic intelligence 41; and elint airborne operations 124; and Kuznetsov-Marshall affair 187, 189; meets Stalin 47; as recipient of sigint 3, 5, 40; supports work at Bletchley 26–7, 59, 65, 362
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) 85, 87, 91; and Bay of Pigs 8, 226; and Berlin-Vienna tunnel operations 169–76; and counter-espionage coup 253–4; and Cyprus 324, 326–7; Foreign Broadcast Information Service 155; and invasion of Czechoslovakia 246; and invasion of the Falklands 399; Jewish sympathisers in 97; and Korean War 100; and Libyan terrorism 457; and Middle East 157, 1
58; and Nixon administration 4, 278; Office of National Estimates 151; revelations concerning 356–8; Russian spies in 444; security measures 101, 381; and shooting of Che Guevara 300; and Soviet weapons 108, 439; Special Activities Division 514–15; and Turkey 472; and U-2 spy planes 142, 226, 292, 296; and use of communication satellites 348; and Venona Project 77, 82; and Zinnia 322
Cianchi, Commander 54
CIB3 (Metropolitan Police anti-corruption squad) 506
City of London 487, 510
Civil Service 381, 421, 427; Civil and Public Servants Association (CPSA) 419–20; Civil Service Medical Officers Group 382; Civil Service Order in Council (1982) 431; Civil Service Union (CSU) 418, 420, 422–3; First Division Association 435; Society of Civil and Public Servants 426
Claret operations (1964–66) 165–8
Clarke, Kenneth 481, 482
Clarke, Liam 608
Clarke, Peter 266–7
Clarke, William F. 66
Cleveland, Paul 444–5
Clifford, Clark 333
Clinton, Bill 492
Clipper Chip (encryption bypass system) 492
Cobra (Cabinet emergency planning committee) 509–10, 527, 532, 610
Cobra Mist (Over the Horizon Radar) 285–7
code-breakers 2, 6, 198; and Anglo-American relationship 38–46; Australian 92; and Berlin tunnel operation 174; collaboration with Baltic states 31; combined operations 15–16; and computers 340, 348–9, 350–1; and decypherment of ‘Fish’ messages 28; diplomatic 27–8, 37, 43–4, 52–3; during WWII 25–9, 30–46, 58–9; Egyptian 164; and ending of WWII 61; expansion of 63–4; Far Eastern 40; Finnish 32, 35, 91; and French intercepts 52, 53, 209; and global sigint 96; importance of Hong Kong to 151; international work 16–17; and internet 493; Italian 52–4; military operations 14–15, 19–20; move from Bletchley to Cheltenham 5; naval 15; and Pelton affair 444; and personal computing and the internet 488; as Post Office department 14; pre-WWII 22–5; and Prime case 380; quadripartite meeting on computer hackers and encryption 489; revival on eve of WWI 14–15; Russian focus 17–19, 33–8, 169; and sale of cypher machines 209–15; and supply of intelligence reports 2–4, 6–7; and telephone tapping 170–1; and use of cypher machines 21–2; value of 60; and Venona Project 72, 74–88; wartime secrecy 354
COINS (Community On-line Intelligence System) 353
Colby, William ‘Bill’ 293, 327, 329, 330
Cold War 47, 377, 420; airborne incidents 125–33; benefits of intelligence in 175–6; Berlin blockade 71; calming of nerves in 257–8; computing in 349; end of 461, 465, 477, 478–9, 493; flashpoints 203; high profile espionage activity in 8; and planning for future war 247–53; seaborne incidents 133–47; secret service operations 484; sigint in 1, 2, 5, 107–24, 125–47, 402; Soviet nuclear weaponry 108; telephone and bugging operations 169–82; thawing of 195–7; and Venona Project 72–88
Cole, David 379, 380
Coleman, Don 131
Coleridge (Soviet teletype system) 78
Colombia 486, 538
Colonial Office 150
Colorob (computer) 349
Colossus (computer) 28, 48, 68, 70, 349
Combined Cypher Machine 98
Comet aircraft 121–2, 268, 273, 295
Cominstum (digest of hot material) 96
comint (communications intelligence) 96, 101, 110, 111, 122, 123, 228, 252–3, 266, 385, 402, 413
Comintern (Communist International) 19, 30, 37–8, 79
Commonwealth 85–8, 89, 92, 95, 97, 148, 266, 352, 447
Communications Branch of the National Research Council (CBNRC) 94
Communications Data Bill (2009) 543
Communications-Electronics Security Department 241–2
Communications Trials Ship (purpose-built sigint ship) 260–2
Communist Party of Great Britain 19, 188, 367–8, 417
Communist Party of India 87
Communist Party of USA 87
Comprehensive Comparative Radar Library 266
computers 198, 219, 220, 222, 340–1, 342–3, 348–54, 458, 486–93, 507, 507–8, 513, 527–8, 546–8
comsec (communications security) 90, 191–3, 195–7, 211, 218, 241–2, 377
Confederation of British Industry (CBI) 241
Conflict (Vienna tunnel code) 171
Congo crisis (1960) 336
Control Orders 543
Cook, Robin 498
Cooney Hill psychiatric hospital (Gloucester) 382
Cooper, Arthur 598
Cooper, Frank 423
Cooper, Josh 20, 34, 213
Coote, John 136, 137, 138, 143
Copenhagen (Denmark) 179
Corona (satellite) 208
Corporal (battlefield missile system) 249
Cosby, Bill 327
Costello, John 364
Cot, Pierre 53
counter-terrorism 456, 516, 528
Cox, Arthur 301
Crabb, Lionel ‘Buster’ 140–3, 207
Cradock, Percy 193–4, 294
Crankshaw, Edward 34, 35–6, 64
Cray super computers 350–1
Crete 157, 265, 292
Croatia 471–4
Croft, John 37–8
Cromer, Rowley 287–8, 294, 297, 337
Croslieve Mountain (Northern Ireland) 501
Crossman, Richard 227
Cruise missiles 511, 513
Crypto AG 212–15, 457
CSE (Communications Security Establishment) Watton 131
Cuba 226, 341–2; Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) 203, 253, 260
Cukr, Baclav 112
Cummings, Mansfield (aka ‘C’) 16
Cunningham, Andrew 91
Current Intelligence Groups 291, 396
Currie, Laughlin 87
Currier, Prescott 39
Curry, John 79
Curzon, George 15, 16, 18
cyber attacks 487–93
cypher machines; capture of 48–9, 264; Chinese capture of 194, 195; commercial origins of 20; development and use of 20–2, 57, 192; military 54; online 28, 210; and proposed Anglo-US collaboration 98–9; radiation or emanation from 215–18; supplying to NATO countries 209–15; see also Enigma
Cypher Policy Board 42, 56–7
cypher security 54–9, 98–9, 191
Cyprus 7–8, 154, 155–6, 159, 161, 162–3, 219, 229, 234, 235, 259, 265, 277, 285, 292, 294, 295, 302, 319, 320–34, 337, 338, 345, 348, 356, 359, 369, 372, 382, 383–4, 419, 423, 466, 471, 504; Cyprus Eight 385
Czechoslovakia 203, 244–7, 253, 387; Czech Air Force Association 112
D-Notice affair (1967) 226, 238–41, 242, 362–3
Damascus (Syria) 159, 291, 300
Darwin (Falklands) 410
Data Encryption Standard (DES) 489
data-mining 486, 546–8
Daubney, Claude 103
Davies, Philip 27
de Gaulle, Charles 52, 195
de Grey, Nigel 35, 43
Deaf Aid (elint reception and
analysis kit) 123
Dean, Patrick 142
Decabral, Alan 506
Defcon 3 (US nuclear alert) 293–4
Defence Intelligence and Security Centre (Chicksands) 63, 360, 535
Defence Intelligence Staff (DIS) 245, 246, 353, 369, 397, 402, 414, 527–8
Defence Reviews 329
Defence Signals Branch 93, 151, 153, 213, 578
Demos-1 (Hong Kong sigint station) 475–6
Demos-4 (Hong Kong sigint station) 476
Denham, Flight Sergeant 126
Denmark 442, 533
Denmark Hill (Metropolitan Police intercept station, London) 37
Denniston, Alastair 15, 18, 21, 24–5, 27, 28, 31, 34, 38, 40, 43–4, 70, 79
Denton Green, Robert 400, 402, 403, 407
Department of Economic Affairs 241
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) 487
détente 247
Detica (security company) 544
Dexter, Harry 87
Dhekelia 163, 233, 327
Diana, Princess of Wales 479–83
Dictionary (keywords/predesignated phrases system) 343
Diego Garcia 321, 332, 335–9, 597
Dieppe raid (1942) 55
Diffie, Whitfield 490
Dimbleby, Jonathan 524
Dingli (Malta) 32, 156, 162
diplomatic intelligence 27–8, 37, 43–6, 52–3, 62, 69, 148, 159, 164, 176–82, 349, 355, 377
Diplomatic Protection Squad 506
Diplomatic Wireless Service (DWS) 58–9, 123, 181, 185–90, 192, 262, 417, 418, 585
Director General of Intelligence (DGI) 246
Directorate of Scientific Intelligence 123
Discovery (space shuttle) 437
Diyarbakir (Turkey) 300, 301–2, 306
Dobrynin, Anatoly 454
Domazet, Davor 472
domestic surveillance and intercepts 540–50
Donoughue, Bernard 3, 325
Doran, Frank 126
Doublecross system 229, 255
Douglas-Home, Sir Alec 163, 282, 312–13
Dozier, James 407, 452
Drake, Edward 94
Drew, John 229
drugs 486, 503, 514, 538
Drumheller, Tyler 529–30
Drummond (Argentine frigate) 395
DS.19 (MoD unit) 368
Dubček, Alexander 244
Dublin 501
Dudley-Smith, Russell 49, 55, 261
Duff, Antony 360, 399
Duffton, Nancy 435
Dulles, Allen 157, 158, 174, 176, 203
Dulles, John Foster 157
Dunderdale, ‘Biffy’ 21
Dunlap, Jack 355
Dunnell, Peter 127
Dwyer, Peter 82
East Africa 335–6
East Asia 120
East Germany 123, 131, 195–7, 345, 370, 379, 385, 453, 605
East-West summit (Paris, 1960) 204
Eastcote (London Signals Intelligence Centre) 62, 68–9, 79, 80, 103, 191, 349
Eastern Bloc 123, 175, 244, 245, 247, 256, 267, 282, 447, 465
Eastern Europe 33, 53, 78, 99, 119, 256, 284
Easton, James 82
Eavesdropper revelations (1976) 358, 359
Echelon (Anglo-US communications network) 7
economic intelligence 240–1
Ecuador 52