Jews, 316
Joad, Cyril Edwin Mitchinson, 310
Jobs, Stephen, 261
Julia, 4–5, 6–8, 67, 127, 243–44, 326
Jura, 227
KDKA radio station, 266
Keep the Aspidistra Flying (Orwell), 34, 88, 89, 125–26, 219, 226, 245, 246, 249, 257–58, 271, 339, 353, 358
Kilby, Jack, 272
Kim II Sung, 238
Kingsbury commitment, 263
Kipling, Rudyard, 235, 237, 241, 298
Koestler, Arthur, 58, 295
Labour Party, 124, 227, 347
Language, 70, 72, 218–19, 225–26, 237, 247, 248, 259–60, 307, 341–42, 344, 351–52. See also Newspeak
Lenin, VI., 126, 269
Lewis, Monk, 358
Liberty, 35. See also Freedom
Libraries of Alexandria, destruction of, 223
Light as metaphor, 318
Lilies of the field parable, 90–91, 247
Lion and the Unicorn, The (Orwell), 100–101, 224, 238, 316, 323
Literature, 69, 74–75, 123–24, 125, 225, 235–37, 259–60, 328, 358
“Literature and Totalitarianism” (Orwell), 121–22
Local area network, 280
London, Jack, 58, 303
“Looking Back on the Spanish War” (Orwell), 68
Loyalty, 310–11
Machiavelli, Niccolò, 57
Machine guns, 237
“Machine Stops, The” (Forster), 58
Machines: benefits of, 70–71
and centralization, 44–45, 99
as the enemy, 58, 67, 229, 245
Orwell’s dislike of, 33–35, 70, 71, 221, 222, 228–29, 251, 329–30
Orwell’s halfhearted optimism about, 71–75, 307–308
and politics, 57
portrayal of, in literature, 236–37
Wilde on, 289
Macintosh, 261, 346
Mainframe computers, 274–75, 276–77, 279–80
Mao Tse-Tung, 238
Marconi, Guglielmo, 265, 283
Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America, 266
Market, 87–88, 257–58, 311. See also Free market
Marrakech, 247
Mass communications, 34–35, 44, 57–58
Mauchly, John W, 276
MCI, 273–74, 275–76, 284
McCarthy, Joseph, 238, 239, 349
McGill, Donald, 227
McLuhan, Marshall, 69
Memory holes, 23
Microfilm, 72, 224
Microphone, 223, 262
Microprocessor, 272, 278–79, 362
Microwave Communications. See MCI Microwaves, 270–73, 283, 284
Middle class, 6, 290, 300, 319
Miller, Henry, 297
Minicomputers, 274–75, 280
Ministry, frequency of occurrence in text, 44
Ministry of Information (British), 124, 225, 227, 292
Ministry of Love, 6, 9, 24, 43–44, 99, 121, 125, 217, 251
Ministry of Peace, 45, 99, 121, 228
Ministry of Plenty, 99, 121, 124, 125, 217, 218, 247, 250
Ministry of Truth, 3, 8, 24, 25, 43–44, 58, 99, 121, 125, 127, 223, 257
Modem, 224, 272, 280
Money, 88–89, 90, 125–26, 219, 226, 245–46, 249, 251, 312, 353, 354, 357
Monopoly, 44, 73–75, 89, 100, 124, 126, 217, 220, 221–22, 224, 226, 238, 262–64, 267–69, 273, 278, 284, 316. See also Antitrust suits
Morse, Samuel, 262
Motorola, 278
Movie camera. See Cinematograph
Muggeridge, Malcolm, 221
Mussolini, Benito, 57, 314, 334
Mutability of the past, 3–4, 23–24
National Cash Register (NCR), 264, 362
Nazism, 56, 289
Neo-Bolshevism, 5, 68
Neofascism, 218
“New Words” (Orwell), 72, 226, 251, 252, 259
Newspapers, 34, 44, 89, 124, 221, 226, 249, 282, 308, 313
Newspeak, 2, 3, 23, 25, 72, 219, 225–26, 242, 352
Newton, Sir Isaac, 225
1984: as Book-of-the-Month Club selection, 288
book-within-a-book in, 5, 24, 127, 246, 255
critical acclaim for, 1–2
emotion and betrayal in, 3, 23, 242–44
ending of, 69, 244, 340
as failure, 233
metaphors in, 7, 256, 258, 318, 336
Orwell’s summary of, 122, 124
political themes of, 3–4, 88, 127, 293
prison scenes in, 6–7, 127, 243, 332, 336–37, 339
as prophecy, 235, 260
self-plagiarism in, 7
significance of, 1–2, 235–36, 237
superstates in, 5–6, 57, 68, 242, 247–48, 302
telescreen in, 23–25, 35, 55, 57, 58, 126, 222–23, 235, 237
Victory Gin in, 2, 4, 6, 7, 10, 23, 24, 25
writing of, 7–8, 56, 252–53
wrongness of logic of, 2, 8, 223, 233–40. See also Big Brother
Telescreen
headings beginning with Ministry
and specific characters
Nonsense Poetry, 259
Nosey Parker, 35, 289
Novel Now, The (Burgess), 233, 346
Noyce, Robert, 272
Obliteration of the Self, 5, 68, 235
O’Brien, 5–7, 9, 67–69, 99, 218, 228, 233, 234, 243, 255, 258, 260, 288, 292, 310, 336
Oceania, 2, 3, 5–6, 24, 68, 233, 242
Office of Technology Assessment, 363
Oldspeak: 219, 255n Oligarchic collectivism, 250
Oligarchy, 55–57, 58, 127, 246, 356
“On a Ruined Farm Near the His Master’s Voice Gramophone Factory” (Orwell), 34
Open network architecture (ONA), 281–82
Optical fiber, 238, 284
Orwell, George: as BBC broadcaster, 9, 34–35, 58, 71, 72–73, 125, 252, 257, 292, 293, 304, 355–56, 357
biography of, 9, 256, 258
book reviews by, 44–45, 56, 57, 67–68, 122, 219–20, 297
career of 252, 265, 267
commemorative issue of World Review on, 220–21
death ot 1, 253, 340
dislike of machine by, 33–35, 70, 71, 221, 222, 228–29, 251, 329–30
dislike of radio by, 34–35, 90, 222, 237, 298
dislikes of, 34, 237, 297
doublethink of; 122–27, 241–45, 248
and dreams, 320, 321
as film and theater critic, 34
as good-bad artist, 235–36
home of, during World War II, 293
“Imaginary Interview with Jonathan Swift” program, 58, 235, 257
imprisonment of, 217, 234, 332–33
Jura retreat of, 227
list of writings of, 9n
pessimism of, 122, 228, 233, 236, 290, 310, 311
physical appearance of, 331
and poverty, 246
real name ot 9, 234, 255, 268
school days of, 10, 245–46, 251, 264, 301, 308, 319
significance ot 234, 237, 260
in Spanish Civil War, 234, 247, 328, 356
as “Tory Anarchist,” 252
tuberculosis ot 252–53, 297, 356–57
wife ot 328
word-pictures in writings ot 70
writing of 1984, 7–8, 56, 252–53, 271
wrongness of logic of 2, 8, 223, 233–40
—works: Animal Farm, 34, 123, 309
“As I Please,” 291, 308, 309, 321
Burmese Days, 235, 246, 258, 291–92, 358
A Clergyman’s Daughter, 291, 353, 358
“Clink,” 217
Coming Up for Air, 34–35, 56 125–26, 358
“The Cost of Letters,” 123–24
Down and Out in Paris and London, 268, 358
“England, Your England, “35, 69
“The English People,” 224
“A Hanging,” 258
“In Front of Your Nose,” 240
Keep the Aspidistra Flying, 34, 88, 8
9, 125–26, 219, 226, 245, 246, 249, 257–58, 271, 339, 353, 358
The Lion and the Unicorn, 100–101, 224, 238, 316
“Literature and Totalitarianism,” 121–22
“Looking Back on the Spanish War,” 68
“New Words,” 72, 226, 251, 252, 259
“On a Ruined Farm Near the His Master’s Voice Gramophone Factory,” 34
“Poetry and the Microphone,” 73–75, 125, 252, 261
“Politics and the English Language,” 70, 246–47
“Politics vs Literature,” 241
“Reflections on Gandhi,” 244
The Road to Wigan Pier, 33, 56, 71, 122–23, 225, 245, 290, 295, 325, 331, 343
“Second Thoughts on James Burnham,” 55–57, 289
“Shooting an Elephant,” 258
“Such, Such Were the Joys,” 245
“You and the Atom Bomb,” 45. See also 1984
Orwell: The Authorized Biography (Shelden), 9
Orwell’s Revenge: author’s approach to writing, 8–10, 256–60, 287, 294
author’s rationale for, 234–35, 255–56
beginning of, 357
Outer Party, 6, 67, 319
Personal communications networks (PCNs), 234, 283
Personal computers, 224, 278, 280
Petronius, 89, 99, 238
Philco, 276
Phonoautograph, 262
Physical reality, 305–306
Picturephone, 279
“Poetry and the Microphone” (Orwell), 73–75, 125, 252
“Politics and the English Language” (Orwell), 7, 70, 246–47
“Politics vs Literature” (Orwell), 241
Pool, Ithiel de Sola Pool, 228, 282
Poverty, 6, 245–46
Power: A New Social Analysis (Russell), 56–57, 67
Press. See Newspapers Prison, 6–7, 127, 217, 234, 243, 332–33, 336–37, 339
Privacy, 227, 293
Private property, 88, 247, 251, 311, 312
Proles, 6, 87, 127, 228, 239, 290, 310, 311, 319
Proletarian consciousness, 127
Propaganda, 3, 23, 24, 34, 58, 69, 74, 88, 99, 223, 228, 252, 309, 330,
Prophecy, 235, 260, 346, 347
Prostitutes, 3, 258
Punch card, 264, 269, 271–72, 277, 284, 359
Race-to-the-swiftest tendency, 247, 248, 249
Radcliffe, Mrs., 358
Radio: collective ownership of, 252
commercialization of, 220
first U.S. radio stations, 266
and hyper-centralized Ministries, 55
as medium of expression, 69
monopoly on, 44, 124, 221
Orwell as BBC broadcaster, 9, 34–35, 58, 71, 72–73, 125, 252, 257, 355–56, 357
Orwell’s dislike of, 34–35, 90, 222, 237, 298
Orwell’s guarded optimism about, 72–75
promotion of nationalism by, 309
technological development of, 265–66
U.S. legislation and regulation, 266–67, 269, 270
wartime propaganda on, 309, 345. See also BBC
Radio Act of 1927, 266–67, 268, 360
Radio Corporation of America (RCA), 266, 276
Radio telephone, 282
Rats, 7, 339–40
Reality Control, 2
Rebellion, 6
Rees, Richard, 357
Remington Rand, 276
Rentier capitalism, 249–50, 251, 355
Road to Serfdom (Hayek), 218, 219–20
Road to Wigan Pier, The (Orwell), 33, 56, 71, 122–23, 225, 245, 290, 295, 325, 331, 343
Roosevelt, Franklin, 267
Runyon, Damon, 247
Russell, Bertrand, 56–57, 67, 221
Sarnoff, David, 266
Satellite technologies, 273
Science, 68, 70, 71, 89, 222, 233, 299, 307, 308, 309, 355–56
“Science and Politics,” 71
“Science and the People,” 71
Screens. See Telescreen
“Second Thoughts on James Burnham” (Orwell), 55–57, 289
Secret Police, 3, 35, 57, 90, 237, 298, 303
Sedition, 24
Seminals, 279
Shakespeare, William, 225
Shaw, George Bernard, 236
Shelden, Michael, 9, 235, 256, 258
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 358
Shockley, William, 271
“Shooting an Elephant” (Orwell), 258
Sleeper Awakes, The (Wells), 58, 236–37
Slogan, 23, 290
Smith, Adam, 99, 225, 241
Smith, Winston: and betrayal, 242–44
and book production, 255
diary of, 3, 253, 293, 339, 357
and doublethink in science, 68
imprisonment of, 6–7, 127, 243
job of, 3–4
lack of power of, 58
life of, 2–3
relationship with Julia, 4–5, 127, 228, 325, 339
and stability of totalitarianism, 233
and telescreen, 43, 67, 126, 222–23
as threat to ruling elite, 6, 74
versus O’Brien, 234
Snoop and snooping, 23, 24
Socialism: democratic socialism, 89–91, 121, 125, 239, 250
economic socialism, 250
and industrialism, 343
and mechanical progress, 71, 238
in 1984, 5, 88
Orwell on, 33, 55, 99–101, 122, 219, 234, 238–40, 244–45, 250
as trigger of neofascism, 218
Spanish Civil War, 68, 223, 234, 247, 328, 356
Speakwrites, 71
The Spies youth group, 23
Sputnik, 68
Spy, 23
Stalin, Joseph, 45, 234, 238, 240, 246, 289, 322, 329, 349, 355
“Stars Wars” technology, 324
“Story by Five Authors,” 257, 304, 357
Strong, L. A. G., 357
“Such, Such Were the Joys” (Orwell), 245
Superstates, 5–6, 57, 68, 242, 247–48, 302, 306
Swift, Jonathan, 58, 235, 236, 252, 257, 348, 356
Syphilis, 35
System/360, 276–77
Tanks, 35
Technologies of Freedom (Pool), 282
Technology. See Computer industry
Radio
Telecommunications
Telephone industry
Television
Telecommunications, 2, 34–35, 44, 57–58, 71, 126, 221–22, 234, 239, 261–84
See also Computer industry
Radio
Telephone industry
Television Teleconferencing, 71
Telegraph, 2, 35, 236, 262, 265, 266, 300, 342
Telephone industry, 234, 261–65, 267–76, 279, 280–84, 342–43
Telescreen: doublethink on, 222–28
and end of freedom, 35, 55, 57, 58, 67, 72, 233–34, 326
freedom of, in private hands, 75, 126–27, 222–28, 239, 251
frequency of occurrence of term, 23, 223
lack of explanation of workings of, 24–25
as not abiding of tyranny, 67–69
Orwell’s pessimism about, 69–70
Orwell’s wrong ideas on, 233–37, 240, 251
power of, 24–25, 43, 58, 67, 126, 235
as too expensive for shop owner, 126
two- way powers of, 43, 67, 222–23
Television, 2, 71, 126, 220, 223, 239, 271, 282
Tennyson, Alfred Lord, 236
Terminals, 279
Texas Instruments, 272, 278
Thatcher, Margaret, 349
Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism, The, 5, 255, 288, 329
Thought Police, 2, 4, 5, 23, 24, 43, 58, 67, 72, 89, 99, 125, 223, 225, 228, 233, 243
Thoughtcrime, 2, 8, 23
Totalitarianism, 5, 55–58, 68, 74, 121–22, 221, 233, 237–39, 247–48, 290, 322, 329, 330, 341
Transistor, 71,
271–72, 274, 275, 276, 278
Trilling, Lionel, 1
Twain, Mark, 314, 341
Two Minutes Hate, 2
Two-way television, 223
Tyranny, 55–57, 67. See also Totalitarianism
Unemployment, 57, 90, 220, 314, 354
United States, 55, 90, 126, 238–39, 242, 244, 314, 346, 350–52, 355
U.S. Census, 264
U.S. Dept. of Justice, 263, 279
U.S. Navy, 265–66
U.S. Supreme Court, 269
Vacuum tube amplifier, 263, 265
Vacuum tubes, 276
Vail, Theodore, 263, 264, 267, 281
Victory Gin, 2, 4, 6, 7, 10, 23, 25, 349
Video camera, 226, 228, 279
Vietnam War, 238–39
Walson, John, Sr., 271
War, 127, 239, 248, 252, 305–6, 327, 353
War Is Peace, 5, 6, 23, 127, 245
Watching, 23
Watson, Thomas J., 264, 276, 362
We (Zamyatin), 58
WEAF radio station, 266
Wealth, 5, 225, 245–48, 289, 329–30
Weapons, 45, 248
Wells, H. G., 33, 58, 222, 225, 236–37
West, W J., 292
Westinghouse, 266
Wilde, Oscar, 289, 329
Wilkes, Vaughan, 10, 319
Wireless telegraph, 265
Wizard of Oz, 237
Women, 87–88, 246, 326, 353
Words, invention of, 72, 227
Working class, 290, 307–8, 319, 354
World Review, 220–21
World War I, 264, 339
World War II, 100–101, 121, 270, 276, 317, 345, 347
Writers, 69, 123–24, 225, 235–37, 347
Writing, art of, 70, 259–60
Xenophobia, 228
“You and the Atom Bomb” (Orwell), 45, 309
Zamyatin, Y. I., 58, 303
Zilliacus, K, 219–20, 349, 352
Zilog, 279
Copyright © 1994 by Peter Huber
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Huber, Peter W (Peter William)
Orwell’s revenge: the 1984 palimpsest / Peter Huber.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-02-915335-2
1. Orwell, George, 1903-1950. Nineteen eighty-four—Parodies, imitations, etc. I. Title.
PS3558.U238079 1994
813’54—dc20
94-22921
CIP
ISBN 978-1-5011-2770-0