independence of, 8, 44, 72-83, 85, 126, 128-130, 157-158, 164-168, 176, 180, 183, 184, 195, 200, 209, 212-213, 217, 220, 232
kidnapping of, 7, 13, 33, 46-48, 66, 94, 99, 164, 192, 227, 232
lineage, 18, 50, 58, 221
lovers of, 20-21
name, 1, 11-12
personality of:
cold, 65, 95
evil/unlikeable, 30, 40, 61, 63, 66, 72-73, 77, 86, 95, 111, 115-116, 12-131, 136, 138, 140-143, 147, 156
good person 40, 58, 65, 74, 40, 148, 161, 167, 178, 181
immature, 180-182, 192
intelligent, 31, 134, 148, 161, 162, 211-214, 221, 224
jealous, 68, 74, 77, 87, 113, 116, 139-143, 162-163, 199, 222
lonely, 147, 181
manipulative, 65-66, 75, 77-78, 96, 126-131, 137, 141-142, 148-149, 204
no personality, 27, 75, 88, 148
passive, 49, 148, 155, 193, 233
prideful/self-centered, 66, 69, 93, 113, 128, 137, 104-142, 178, 180, 192, 200-221
seductress 77, 79, 121, 137, 142, 164, 204
weak, 9, 22, 50, 105, 115, 139, 140, 141, 144, 146, 149, 151-160, 167, 181, 192-193
power over Lancelot, 67-71, 76, 83, 120, 126
rescue of, 13-14, 31, 46-47, 66, 87, 99-100, 128, 157, 164, 168, 177, 183, 195, 207, 210-213
rumors about, 95-96, 99-100, 111, 209
sexuality of, 1, 11, 80, 121, 188-189, 212
treason of, 14, 46, 51-52, 92, 94, 106, 126
True and the False, the, 8, 17, 38-39, 82-85, 110n262
unfeminist portrayals of, 9, 146-147, 151-159
See also Gaynore, Ginevra, Ginover, Givevara, Guanhumara, Guenever, Guenevere, Guiamor, Gwehywfar, Gwenhwyfach, Gwenhwyfawr, Gwenwhyfar, Gwynnever, Waynor, Wehaver, Wenneuereia, Winlogee
Guinevere (Sharan Newman), 178-180
Guinevere: A Medieval Romance, 208-215
Guinevere Evermore, 178, 181
Guinevere’s Tale, 216, 218
Guinevere: The Legend in Autumn, 185
Gwehywfar, 11, 16, 30, 33, 35-36, 65, See also Guinevere
Gwenhwyfach, 17, See also Guinevere
Gwenhwyfawr, 17, See also Guinevere
Gwenwhyfar, 37-39, See also Guinevere
Gwinfreda, 12, See also Guinevere
Gwydre, 33
Gwyn ap Nudd, 33
Gwynnever, 12, See also Guinevere
Gwythyr ap Greidawl, 33, 36
H
Harkness, Deborah, 229
Heresy, 62n134
Herman, Harold J., 178, 180-181, 183
Higham, N.J., 136
High Queen, The, 191
History of the Kings of Britain, The, 15, 18, 48, 52, 58-59
Hoberg, Tom, 146-148, 162-163, 165
Hodges, Kenneth, 97, 102
homosexuality, 78
Hopkins, Andrea, 6, 24, 29, 47, 65, 77
Hopkins, Annette Brown, 50, 59-60
Howey, Ann, 98-99, 133, 148, 154, 156, 159, 162-163, 169, 172, 202
Hughes, Thomas, 107
I
Idylls of the King, 8, 110-125, 132
incest, 59, 83, 197
Industrial Revolution, 109, 135n342
In Winter’s Shadow, 10, 23, 166-171
J
James I, 108
Jillings, L. G., 104
Johnson, Jacquelyn Sweeney, 42, 152, 155-158, 173. 195-200, 224
Ju, Anne, 145
K
Kay, 1, 20, 31, 66, 210, 214
Kennedy, Edward Donald, 88, 120
kidnapping, 7, 13, 33, 46-48, 66, 86, 94, 99, 164, 192, 227, 232
King Arthur. See Arthur, King
King Garlin of Gore. See Garlin of Gore, King
King Leodgrance of Cameliard. See Leodgrance of Cameliard, King
Knight of the Cart, The, 64-81
Knight, Stephen, 108, 168
Korrel, Peter, 19, 40, 46, 51, 59, 62, 78, 107
Krueger, Roberta L., 67
Kulwch, 31
L
Lancelot, 13-14, 30, 33, 47, 64-74, 76, 84, 86-89, 95-97, 99-106, 111-115, 117, 121, 126, 130-131, 138-141, 157, 159, 181-184, 188-189, 197-198, 209-211, 225
as model of courtly love 68-72
enthralled by Guinevere 67-71, 76, 83, 126
superhuman strength of 69n131, 70-71, 100
Lancelot, 24, 65-68, 86-89, 92
Lancelot: A Novel, 137
Lancelot-Grail Cycle, 82-90
Lanval, 21, 76, 77-78
Lanval, 21, 77-78
Lanzelet, 19, 21
Layamon, 7, 12, 25, 27, 40, 42, 55-56, 60-63, 89, 91
Le Saux, Françoise Hazel Marie, 56, 58-59
Leodagan, 85
Leodgrance of Cameliard, King, 18
Leyser, Henrietta, 43-45
Life of Gildas, The, 7, 46-48
Llacheu, 19, 33
Loholt, 19, 24
Love triangle
Guinevere/Arthur/Lancelot, 33, 64-65, 139, 141, 156-157, 210-211
Guinevere/Arthur/Mordred, 61
Isolde/Tristan/Mark, 33-34
Lust, 2, 7, 26, 68, 77, 137, 216
Lupack, Allan, 176, 227
Lyons, Bex, 207, 211-212
M
McKenzie, Nancy, 10, 191-193, 207n528, 216, 222
Mabinogion, The, 31, 33
Macleod, Sharon Paice, 32, 38
Magdalene, Mary, 8, 16, 17, 51, 104, 123
magic, 12, 152-154, 222
Malegant, 13, 46, 66, 94, 187, 192, 196, 226-227, 232, See also Medraut, Medrawd, Melegraunce, Meliagaunt, Melwas
Malory, Thomas, 1, 8, 19, 27, 83, 89-110, 113-114, 130, 132, 138-141, 143, 152, 178, 186, 193, 197, 208, 210, 212, 214, 234
Mancoff, Debra, 120, 135
Marie de Champagne. See de Champagne, Marie
Marie de France. See de France, Marie
Markale, Jean, 32
Martin, Leonide, 210, 214
Mason, Eugene, 56-58, 61, 77, 79
Matthews, Caitlin, 12, 14-16, 31, 33, 36, 38-40, 65, 78, 110
Matthews, John, 12, 14-16, 17, 30-31, 33, 38-40, 47, 65, 78
Matthews, John and Caitlin, 12, 14-16, 31, 33, 38-40, 65, 78, 100
Medeiros, Jessica, 80
Medieval Bex, 208
Medraut, 33, See also Malegant
Medrawd, 38-40, See also Malegant
Meigle, 24
Melegraunce, 99, See also Malegant
Meliagaunt, 226, See also Malegant
Melwas, 7, 13, 30-31, 34, 46, See also Malegant
Merlin, 12, 13, 49, 83, 183, 192, 208
Merriman, James Douglas, 53-54, 108
Middle Ages, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 18, 22-24, 26, 27, 41-44, 49, 51, 55, 62n134, 67, 78-79, 85, 89, 94, 105-106, 109, 116, 119,132, 136, 143, 152, 156, 165-167, 170
Miles, Rosalind, 10, 25, 28, 176, 191, 194-198, 200-202, 224, 228
Mingo, Carlos Sanz, 227
Misfortunes of Arthur, The, 107
Mistress of Legend, 218, 228
Mists of Avalon, The, 9, 28, 151-161, 210, 212, 217
monk, 7, 14, 17, 21, 25, 45-46, 48, 50, 82, 87-89, 106, 118, 143, 170-171
Monmouth, Geoffrey, 7, 11, 15, 18, 37, 41, 48-54, 58, 89, 91, 104, 106, 107, 221, 233
Mordred, 13-14, 19-21, 24, 37, 39, 48, 50-53, 57, 59-62, 83, 87, 91-96, 99-100, 107, 112, 163, 168, 175, 182-183, 189, 197, 225
Morgan, 12, 17, 21, 49, 83, 87, 94, 96, 99, 146, 154, 159-160, 162-163, 175, 189, 197, 202, 203, 208, 217, 222-225, 227-228, See also Morgaine; Morgana
Morgaine, 9, 152, 157, 159-160, 203, See also Morgan;
Morgana
Morgana, 162-163, See also Morgan; Morgaine
Morgause of Orkney (blogger), 96-97
Morte d’Arthur, 8, 18, 19, 83, 90, 94-96, 98-99, 103, 107, 109, 220
Morte le Roi Artu, 86
Morris, William, 8, 27-28, 109, 125-131, 163, 218
murder, 25, 39, 84, 87, 96, 99, 197
N
Nennius, 14
New Age movement, 18
Newman, Sharan, 10, 25, 28, 172-184, 223, 228
neo-paganism, 152-133, 199, See also paganism; Wicca
Noble, James, 25, 138, 156, 158, 191
Noble, Peter, 65, 70-71
Normans, 30
O
Ocvran/Gogrvan, 18
Ogfran the Giant, 16, 30, 35
Once and Future King, The, 9, 137-144
original sin, 3, 43, 97
Otherworld, 12-13, 47, 61, 79, 181, 195, 208
P
paganism, 10, 47, 53, 152-153, 165, 180, 186, 198-199, 222-224, See also neo-paganism
Paris, Gaston, 69
patriarchy, 9, 22-23, 29, 122-123, 144-150, 153, 155, 158-160, 172-174, 176, 198, 201, 219-220
Peredur, 19
“Peredur, Owein and Lunet,” 33
Perlesvaus, 19, 24
penance/repentance, 17, 22, 23, 50-54, 88, 93, 100, 101, 104, 112, 118, 130, 158
Perkin, Harold, 135
Picts, 24, 162
Poisoned Apple, The, 8, 95-98
Preston, Tricia, 211
priestess, 216, 222, 223, 228
primogeniture, 51
prostitute, 7, 78, 79, 85, 120, 137
Protestant, 8, 108, 132
Q
Queen of Camelot, 191, 193
Quilligan, Maureen, 152
R
Radulescu, Raluca, 134
Rampton, Martha, 201
rape, 7, 13, 33, 39, 47, 157, 158, 187, 189, 208, 209n533, 226-227, 232
rape of the Flower Bride, 7, 47
Reimer, Stephen R., 133
religion, 2, 8, 54, 108, 117, 132, 152, 153, 156, 158, 179, 199
“Rhonabwy’s Dream,” 33
Rhys, John, 20, 36
Romance of Yder, The, 21
Roman de Brut, 19, 55-60, 62-63
Ross, Meredith, 87-88, 101, 103, 108-109, 130, 138, 142-143, 152
Roth, Mark, 135n342
Round Table, 58, 96-97, 103, 185, 196
Ruin of Britain, The, 14
S
Samples, Susann, 50, 72
Saxons, 14, 30, 33, 60, 164, 197, 229
Scotland, 24, 108, 221, 224n563, 225
Scotorum Historiae, 24
self-publishing, 207, 234
sexuality, 1, 11, 80, 121, 168, 180, 188-189, 208-215
Shahar, Shulamith, 16
Silver, Carole G., 127, 129
Simpson, David L., 69
sin, 1, 3, 8, 22-24, 43, 50-51, 53, 54, 57, 59, 66, 68, 85, 97-98, 100, 101, 104-106, 109, 117, 118, 121, 123, 130, 156, 169, 184, 188, 219, 228, 231
Slocum, Sally K., 27, 53, 147
Spenser, Edmund, 107
Stanford, Peter, 200
Stewart, Mary, 9, 21, 147-149
Struve, Laura, 128, 130
suffrage, 29, 119-120
Summer Country, 34, 198
Sutcliff, Rosemary, 9, 21, 147
Swabey, Fiona, 55
Swanson, Kelsey 112, 115, 121-122
Sword at Sunset, 147
T
Tennyson, Alfred Lord, 6, 8, 27, 102, 109, 110-124, 126, 127, 130, 132, 141, 146, 233, 234
Thelwall, John, 18
Thomas, Alfred, 79
Thompson, Jack George, 48, 192
Thompson, Raymond M., 137, 179, 192
Tichelaar, Tyler, 15, 52-53, 61, 91, 92, 93-94
Tintagel, 49, 221
Tolhurst, Fiona, 56-57, 92
Treece, Henry, 137
triplets, 35
True and False Guineveres, 8, 17, 38-39, 82-85, 110n262
twins, 17, 35
U
Umland, Rebecca, 120, 127-128
United States, 5, 28, 94, 134n342, 145, 175n462, 191, 205, 206, 232
V
Vallas, Estelle, 31
Vansittart, Peter, 137
Victorian Era, 6, 8, 9, 109, 110-124, 129-130, 132, 136, 143
Vikings, 30
Virgin Mary, 16, 44-45
virgin/whore polarity, 79, 85, 203
virginity, 42, 179, 221
Vortigern, 18
Vulgate Cycle, 7, 17, 38, 82-89, 90, 148
W
Wace, 7, 19, 27, 40, 42, 55-63, 68, 91, 106
Wales, 20, 30-38, 192, 221
Walters, Lori, 14, 33, 40, 47, 58, 67, 72, 75-76, 86, 102, 105, 107-109, 115, 132, 147, 149, 172, 179
warrior, 32, 38, 50, 61, 163, 169, 195, 208, 209, 212, 215, 219, 225
Warrior Queen, 208, 211, 213
Waynor, 12, 90, See also Guinevere
Wehaver, 112, See also Guinevere
Welch, Ashley, 229
Welsh literature, 30-38
Welsh Triads, 34-38
Wenhaver, 12, 61, See also Guinevere
Wenneuereia, 12, See also Guinevere
Whalen, Logan, 79
Whitaker, Murie, 132, 136, 142
White, T.H., 1, 9, 12, 27-28, 94, 126, 132-144, 229, 232, 233, 234
Wicca, 153, 199
Winlogee, 12, See also Guinevere
witch/witchcraft, 14, 62, 78, 83, 182, 192, 199, 222-223
Women
as Arthurian authors, 3, 10, 133, 145-146, 149, 154, 190, 191, 195, 198-199, 202, 205, 216-230, 233, 234
Celtic, 32-33, 36, 38, 146, 188, 195
Greek, 33, 56
Middle Ages, 18, 21, 22, 23, 41-45, 49, 51, 67, 78, 85, 89, 105, 136, 156, 170
Victorian Era, 6, 8, 9, 109, 110-124, 129-130, 132, 136, 143
1950s, 136, 142
1960s, 142, 145-149
1970s, 2, 3, 17, 133, 136, 138, 145n372, 148-149
1980s, 3, 10, 17, 19, 25, 28, 133, 138, 144, 153, 169, 171-172, 174-176, 183, 185, 187, 189, 190n493, 202, 203
1990s, 10, 17, 25, 152, 154, 185, 189, 193, 199-203
post-2000, 3, 6, 29, 204, 232
in the workplace, 2, 28, 120, 162, 165, 172-173, 174, 176, 182, 187, 195, 229
marriage and, 5, 43, 47, 48, 70, 72, 122, 148, 174
rights of, 3, 9, 32, 38, 122, 145, 165, 173, 201, 219, 232
suffrage of, 29, 119-120
women’s rights, 3, 9, 32, 38, 122, 145, 165, 173, 201, 219, 232
women’s studies, 4, 145
Woodbury, Sarah, 36n53, 229n570
Woolley, Persia, 10, 25, 28, 176, 177, 185-190, 198n508, 223, 224, 228
World War I, 2, 134, 135n342
World War II, 134, 135n342
Wyatt, Siobhan, 102, 105
Y
Yder, 21
Ymddiddan Melwasa Gwenhwyfar, 30
York, 52, 57
young adult fiction 5, 207n528
BEFORE YOU GO
Thank you for reading this book. If you enjoyed it, please leave a review on Amazon and/or Goodreads. Word of mouth is crucial for authors to succeed, so even if your review is only a line or two, it would be a huge help.
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Also by Nicole Evelina:
Daughter of Destiny (Guinevere’s Tale Book 1) (Arthurian historical fantasy)
Camelot’s Queen (Guinevere’s Tale Bo
ok 2) (Arthurian historical fantasy)
Been Searching for You (contemporary romantic comedy)
Madame Presidentess (historical fiction)
Future releases include:
Mistress of Legend (Guinevere’s Tale Book 3) – Early 2018
Please visit me at http://nicoleevelina.com/ to learn more.
I love interacting with my readers! Feel free to contact me on Twitter, Facebook, Goodreads, Pinterest, or by email. You can also send snail mail to: PO Box 2021, Maryland Heights, MO 63043.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thank you to the St. Louis County library Oak Bend Branch for asking me to give a presentation on Guinevere during National Women’s History Month. It was in my research for that lecture that this book was born. I never thought I would write non-fiction, especially about Guinevere. But given the amount of information I couldn’t fit into a 60-minute talk, it seemed only natural.
Thank you as well to the gentleman at my November 2016 lecture at the Oak Bend Branch on Victoria Woodhull who suggested I write non-fiction. I wish I knew your name because I had never considered it until you mentioned it. This book is a direct result of your presence at that talk.
Publishing a book takes a tribe and I’ve got a great one. Thanks to my editor, Kelly Gable for her thoughtful consideration of every aspect of this book, as well as the fine tooth comb she took to my footnotes and sources. You are an angel! Thanks to Jenny Quinlan for her help with the beautiful cover and to Nada Qamber for the layout. You make me look so professional!
My thanks to the St. Louis County library and all of the libraries across the country who provided dissertations and theses for me to read, but especially to Georgia College and State University, for the extra effort they put into ensuring I had the opportunity to read Ms. Bonner’s research.
A special shout out to my beta readers: Tyler Tichelaar, Jim Palmer, Courtney Marquez, and my mom. Your input, thoughts, objections (Jim!), and opinions made this book so much stronger. I really appreciate your time and effort. Special thanks to Tyler for his in-depth comments and editing. Seriously, man, I couldn’t have done this so well without you!
I would be remiss if I didn’t thank Dr. Benjamin Moore, my undergraduate thesis advisor, who taught me how to research so many years ago. I never thought that writing about the similarities between Beatrice in Much Ado About Nothing and Queen Elizabeth I would lead to this! You’ll appreciate that although the final version of this book is in Chicago Style, all my notes are written in MLA style – it is still what I’m most comfortable with!