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    The Once and Future Queen

    Page 22
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    Tolhurst, Fiona. “What Ever Happened to Eleanor? Reflections of Eleanor of Aquitaine in Wace’s Roman de Brut and Lawman’s Brut.” In Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady, edited by Bonnie Wheeler and John Carmi Parsons, 319-336. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

      Umland, Rebecca. “The Snake in the Woodpile: Tennyson’s Vivien as Victorian Prostitute.” In Culture and the King: The Social Implications of the Arthurian Legend, edited by James P Carley, Valerie M Lagorio, and Martin B Shichtman, 274-287. Albany: New York State University of New York Press, 1994.

      Vallas, Estelle. “Feminist Icon or Ruthless Warrior? Guinevere in Bernard Cornwell’s The Warlord Chronicles.” In Theorising the Popular, edited by Michael Brennen, 136-149. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017.

      Walters, Lori. “Introduction.” In Lancelot and Guinevere: A Casebook, edited by Lori Walters, xiii-lxv. New York: Routledge, January 4, 2002.

      Welch, Ashley. “Life Expectancy for White Women Falls Slightly in U.S.” CBS News. April 20, 2016. http://www.cbsnews.com/news/life-expectancy-for-white-women-falls-slightly-in-u-s/.

      Whalen, Logan. A Companion to Marie de France. Boston: Brill, 2011.

      Whitaker, Muriel. “Unifying Makers: Lancelot and Guinevere in Modern Literature and Art.” In Lancelot and Guinevere: A Casebook, edited by Lori Walters, 159-180. New York: Routledge, January 4, 2002.

      Wikipedia. “Guinevere.” Accessed January 23, 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinevere.

      Woodbury, Sarah. “Guinevere (in Welsh Gwenhwyfar).” Romance and Fantasy in Medieval Wales. March 27, 2012. http://www.sarahwoodbury.com/guinevere-in-welsh-gwenhwyfar/.

      ––– “Life Expectancy in the Middle Ages.” Romance and Fantasy in Medieval Wales. March 11, 2014. http://www.sarahwoodbury.com/life-expectancy-in-the-middle-ages/.

      Wyatt, Siobhan. Women of Words in Le Morte Darthur: The Autonomy of Speech in Malory’s Female Characters. London: Springer International Publishing, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.

      PRIMARY SOURCES

      Benson, Larry D., ed. and Edward E. Foster, rev. King Arthur’s Death: The Middle English Stanzaic Morte Arthur and Alliterative Morte Arthure. Medieval Institute Publications Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1994. http://d.lib.rochester.edu/teams/text/benson-and-foster-king-arthurs-death-alliterative-morte-arthur-part-iii.

      Bradley, Marion Zimmer. The Mists of Avalon. New York: Random House Publishing Group, 2001.

      Bradshaw, Gillian. In Winter’s Shadow. 1981. Naperville: Sourcebooks Landmark, 2011.

      Caradoc of Llancarfan. The Life of Gildas. Celtic Literature Collective. http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/gildas06.html.

      Collins, Lavinia. A Champion’s Duty. London: The Book Folks, 2014.

      ––– Guinevere: A Medieval Romance. London: The Book Folks, 2014.

      ––– The Day of Destiny. London: The Book Folks, 2014.

      ––– The Warrior Queen. London: The Book Folks, 2014.

      De France, Marie. Marie de France: Poetry. International Student Edition. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2015.

      De Troyes, Chrétien. Lancelot, or The Knight of the Cart. Herklion Press, 2013.

      Evelina, Nicole. Camelot’s Queen. Maryland Heights, MO: Lawson Gartner Publishing, 2016.

      ––– Daughter of Destiny. Maryland Heights, MO: Lawson Gartner Publishing, 2016.

      ––– Mistress of Legend. Maryland Heights, MO: Lawson Gartner Publishing, forthcoming.

      Godwin, Park. Beloved Exile. Reprint edition. New York: Avon Books, 1994.

      Krishna, Valerie. The Alliterative Morte Arthure: A New Verse Translation. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1983.

      Lacy, Norris, J. The Lancelot-Grail Reader: Selections from the Medieval French Arthurian Cycle. New York: Garland Pub., 2000.

      Layamon. Roman de Brut. Auckland: The Floating Press, 2013.

      McKenzie, Nancy. Queen of Camelot. New York: Random House, 1994, 1995.

      Malory, Thomas. “Le Morte d’Arthur.” In The King Arthur Collection. Rochester: Maplewood Books, 2014.

      Malory, Thomas. The Morte Darthur, Parts Seven and Eight. Edited by Derek Brewer. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1987, 1968.

      Miles, Rosalind. Guenevere, Queen of the Summer Country. New York: Three Rivers Press, 1998.

      ––– The Child of the Holy Grail. New York: Crown, 2001.

      ––– The Knight of the Sacred Lake. New York: Crown, 2000.

      Monmouth, Geoffrey. The History of the Kings of Britain. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press, January 1, 2008.

      Morris, William. The Defence of Guenevere and Other Poems. New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1908.

      Nennius, Bill Gunn and Mark the Hermit, ed. The Historia Brittonum. London: John and Arthur Arch, 1819.

      Newman, Sharan. Guinevere. New York: Tor, 1981, 1996.

      ––– Guinevere Evermore New York: Tor, 1981, 1996.

      ––– The Chessboard Queen. New York: Tor, 1985.

      Stewart, Mary. The Merlin Trilogy. New York: Eos, 2004.

      Stone, Brian, trans. “Alliterative Morte Arthure” In King Arthur’s Death. London: Penguin Books, 1988, 7-168.

      Tennyson, Alfred Lord. “Guinevere” Idylls of a King. Public domain book, 2012. https://www.amazon.com/Idylls-King-Baron-Alfred-Tennyson-ebook/dp/B0082Z5JBA.

      Wace. Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut, translated by Eugene Mason. Auckland: The Floating Press, 2013.

      White, T. H., The Once and Future King. London: HarperCollins, 1994.

      Woolley, Persia. Child of the Northern Spring. Naperville: Sourcebooks, 2010.

      ––– Guinevere: The Legend in Autumn. Naperville: Sourcebooks, 2011.

      ––– Queen of the Summer Stars. Naperville: Sourcebooks, 2011.

      INDEX

      A

      A Champion’s Duty, 10, 208

      adultery, 7, 13-15, 20-21, 24, 33, 37, 46-47, 50-50, 57, 59, 61, 62n134, 64, 68-70, 72-75, 77-78, 85-87, 97-102, 106, 111, 120-121, 131, 147, 163, 168-169, 182, 188, 197, 209, 218, 223

      Agravain, 87, 95-96, 100, 225

      Aggrivane. See Agravain

      Ahern, Stephen, 114-116, 122-123

      Alliterative Morte Arthure, 8, 12, 90-94, 106

      Amazon, 11, 207, 210n536, 211

      Amesbury, 98, 100-112

      Amhar. See Amr

      Amr, 19, 33

      Anir, See Amr

      Arthur, King, 11-12, 14-15, 21, 25, 31, 33, 38-41, 46-47, 50, 53, 59, 61-62, 68, 70, 74, 76, 83-88, 94, 99-100, 107, 108, 112, 114-118, 120-121, 134-135, 138-139, 146-149, 154, 156-158, 162-163, 168-169, 179, 182-183, 186-187, 196-198, 204, 208-211, 220

      Avalon, 22, 49, 158, 160, 197-198, 217, 222-223, 227-228

      B

      Badon, 14

      Beal, Rebecca S., 92-94

      Bedivere, 13, 21, 148, 166, 168-169

      Bedwyr. See Bedivere

      Beloved Exile, 19, 161-166, 216

      Benson, C. David, 91, 97-98, 102-103

      Bertholai, 84

      Bethlehem, Ulrike, 17

      Bible, 8, 44, 78, 99

      Boece, Hector, 24,

      Bonner, Katherine Alice, 27, 41-42, 49-50, 52, 55, 61-63, 68, 72-73, 76, 101, 104, 112-113, 118, 120-122, 126, 128-129, 131, 139, 140, 144-145, 154, 157, 159, 173, 178, 180-182, 192, 202

      Book of Guinevere, The, 6, 24, 29, 47, 65, 77

      Bors, 96, 141

      Boy and the Mantle, The, 78

      Bradley, Marion Zimmer, 9, 27-28, 151-160, 177, 188-189, 199, 200, 202, 212, 217, 222-224

      Bradshaw, Gillian, 10, 23, 166-171, 176

      Breton (language), 5, 12

      Breton (from Brittany), See Brittany

      Brewer, Elizabeth, 119, 129, 136, 138-140, 142-143, 168, 174, 210, 218, 226, 231

      Britain, 18, 30, 36-38, 48-49, 51, 94, 119, 145-146, 152, 154, 162, 164, 167, 179-180, 193, 198, 206, 209, 213, 224n563, 225, 228, See also England

      Brittany, 47n84, 77, 207, 212


      Bromwich, Rachel, 11-12, 16, 35-38, 38-39

      Bruce, Christopher W., 84, 111

      Bumke, Joachim, 69n159, 74

      Burns, Jane E., 84-86

      C

      Cador, 15, 180

      Caerleon, 52-53, 93, 157

      Cai. See Kay

      Camelot, 2, 7, 13, 14, 17, 21, 23-24, 26, 48, 51, 62, 69, 88, 97, 100, 105, 111-112, 114, 117, 134, 146, 158, 163, 169-171, 173, 176-178, 182-184, 195, 198-199, 208-209, 220

      Camelot (movie), 1, 137

      Camelot (musical), 22, 95

      Camelot’s Queen, 207n529, 218, 226

      Camille, 86

      Camlann, Battle of, 14-15, 19, 24, 38, 171, 184, 189, 229, 231

      Cannon, Cynthia T., 213

      Capellanus, Andreas, 68-70

      Caradoc of Llancarven, 46

      Catholic Church, 2, 42-44, 155, 158, 166, 188, 198, 220, See also Catholic religion; Christianity

      Catholic religion, 8, 108, See also Catholic Church; Christianity

      Celtic law, 23, 31-32, 38-39, 43, 48, 188, 224n562

      Celtic myth, 7, 13-14, 33-34, 36, 40, 47

      Celtic women, 32-33, 36, 38, 146, 188, 195

      Chamberlain, David, 78

      Champion’s Duty, A, 208

      chastity, 44, 52, 53, 76, 78, 86, 88, 99, 100, 106, 117, 119, 212

      Chessboard Queen, The, 178, 180, 182-183

      Child Queen, The, 191-194

      Child of the Northern Spring, 185-190

      chivalry, 60, 101-102, 116, 211, 226

      Chrétien de Troyes. See de Troyes, Chrétien

      Christianity, 42, 54, 94, 104, 152, 153, 155, 158-159, 165, 179, 188, 196, 198, 200, 220, 224, See also Catholic Church; Catholic religion

      Cistercian, monks 7, 17, 82, 89, 143

      Clarent, 90, 94

      Claris et Laris, 21

      Cleodalis, 83

      Collins, Lavinia, 205, 207-215, 225, 232

      Comer, Stephanie, 4-5, 44, 66-67, 71, 74-75, 101, 105, 111, 112-114, 117-119, 122-124

      convent, 22-23, 44-45, 52-53, 59-60, 63, 82, 93,100, 104, 105, 110-112, 118, 141, 155, 159, 164-170, 184, 189, 191n495, 218, 220, 228

      as refuge for women, 22, 100,

      as source of female power, 23, 44-45, 169, 170

      Guinevere in, 22-23, 52-53, 59-60, 63, 93, 100, 105, 110-112, 119, 141, 159, 164-70, 184, 189, 191n495, 218, 220, 228

      Cooley, Sara, 3, 146, 149, 153-154, 173, 175-177, 182, 186-189, 205, 212, 223, 226

      courtly love, 7, 20, 46, 55-56, 59, 67-76, 80, 116, 128, 166

      “Culhwch and Olwen,” 31, 33

      Cywyrd Gwent, 16, 35

      D

      Davidson, Roberta, 147, 203, 234

      Day, David, 56, 97-98

      Day of Destiny, 208, 212-213

      Daughter of Destiny, 207n529, 216-230

      De Excidio Britanniae, 14

      de Champagne, Marie, 45, 66, 68, 71, 73-75,

      de France, Marie, 7, 20, 21, 57, 76-80, 81

      de Troyes, Chrétien, 7, 20-21, 27, 64-81, 87, 91-92, 100-101, 106, 113, 126, 131

      Defence of Guenevere, 8, 27, 125-131

      devil/demon, 89, 110, 203

      Dialogue of Melwas and Gwenhwyfar, The, 30-31

      Diu Crone, 18-19

      Du Cor, 78

      Duggan, Joseph J., 37

      E

      Eden, Garden of, 26

      Edwards, Elizabeth, 105-106

      Eleanor of Aquitaine, 45, 55-57

      Elaine, 10, 86-87, 99, 102, 111, 113, 117, 141, 143, 146, 182, 191-193, 217, 222

      Ellis, Kimberly, 117, 121

      Ellis, Peter, 32-33, 48n88,

      England, 51, 55, 57, 99, 108, 135n342, 152, 231n574, See also Britain

      Epstein, Barbara, 201

      Erec and Enid, 65

      Etain, 36

      Evans, Michael R. 57

      Evelina, Nicole 11, 216-230

      Eve, 2, 8, 16, 17, 21, 26, 42, 43, 51, 88, 94, 97

      evil 2-3, 7, 60-63, 66n148, 77, 88, 95, 106, 123, 129, 200, 216

      F

      Faerie Queen, The, 107

      Fairy of the Lake, The, 18

      Fairy Queen, 79

      fallen woman, 8, 110n262, 112, 123-124

      Falsani, Teresa Boyle, 124, 129-130, 164-165

      female authors, 3, 10, 133, 145-146, 149, 154, 191, 195, 198-199, 202, 225, 232

      female characters, 9, 17, 28-29, 85, 88, 92, 114, 130, 138, 143, 145, 147-148, 152, 154, 165, 172-173, 177, 94-195, 199-200, 202-204, 210, 218, 225, 233

      feminism, 1-3, 9-10,17, 28, 49, 79, 144, 148-151, 153-154, 159-160, 171-174, 177, 187, 189-190, 193-194, 199-202, 205-206, 208, 212, 232

      feminist Arthuriana, 79, 144, 149, 154, 159-160, 171, 177, 187, 190, 194-195, 199-202, 204, 208, 212, 216,230, 232, 234

      Fourth Wave, 206n524, 206n527

      Second Wave, 3, 10, 17, 19, 25, 28, 133, 138, 144, 153, 169, 171-172, 175-176, 183, 185, 187, 189-190, 202-203

      suffrage and, 119-120

      Third Wave, 3, 6, 10, 17, 25, 29, 152, 154, 185, 189, 193, 199-204

      unpopularity of, 199-201, 205-206

      Firelord, 19, 161-163

      Flower Bride, 7, 33-34, 36, 40, 47

      France, 56, 100, 208

      French Arthurian Legend, 5, 7, 19, 21, 24, 58, 64-81, 84, 88, 91, 101

      Fries, Maureen, 26-27, 34, 53, 73, 76, 92-93, 104, 133

      Fulton, Helen, 37

      G

      Galahad, 20, 181-182

      Gallagher, Michael, 206

      Garden of Eden, 26

      Garlin of Gore, King, 18

      Gawain, 21, 87, 95, 101,

      Gaynore, 12, See also Guinevere

      Geek Girl in Love (blogger), 214-215

      gender, 28, 80, 85, 115, 122, 145-146, 148, 152, 158, 160, 175, 199, 206, 209n533, 232

      Genesis, 26, 43

      “Gereint and Enid,” 33

      German, 5, 12, 18-19

      Geoffrey of Monmouth, 7, 11, 15, 18, 27, 37, 41-42, 46, 48-56, 58-59, 61-63, 89, 91, 104, 106-107, 221, 233

      Ginevra, 12, See also Guinevere

      Ginnel, Laurence, 48

      Ginover, 12, See also Guinevere

      Givevara, 12, See also Guinevere

      Glastonbury, 25, 46, 101

      God, 44, 97, 100n235, 155, 156, 157, 158

      goddess worship, 17, 152-153, 158, 179, 195, 198-200, 224

      goddesses, 16-17, 36, 152, 181, 195, 199

      Godwin, Park, 10, 19, 161-166, 171, 184, 217

      Gogrvan/Gogfran/Ocvran the Giant, 16, 18, 35

      Goldsmith, Barbara, 120n295

      Goodreads, 11, 210-215

      Gordon-Wise, Barbara, 5, 16-17, 22-23, 26, 28, 35, 38, 49, 51, 62, 75, 78, 83-85, 89, 112, 117, 120, 122, 147, 148, 155, 158, 160, 163-168, 171, 174, 179, 184, 220, 222-223

      Gossedge, Rob, 108, 128

      Great Campaigns, The, 137

      Green Man, The, 137

      Grove, Elma, 213

      Guanhumara, 11, 65, See also Guinevere

      Guenever, 12, See also Guinevere

      Guenevere: Queen of the Summer Country, 194-195

      Guenevere, 27, 77, 82, 92-93, 95, 125-130, 138, 163, 174, 194-195, 210, 226, See also Guinevere

      Guenhumara 11, 147, See also Guinevere

      Guiamor, 21, See also Guinevere

      Guinevere

      agency of, 10, 26, 73, 149, 161, 166, 172, 193, 201, 210, 228, 232

      appearance of, 7, 15, 50, 58, 63, 76, 86, 115, 137, 139, 166, 186, 203, 229, 233

      as child, 3, 176-179, 180, 182, 192, 216, 220-224, 229

      as downfall of Camelot, 22-24, 51, 88, 100, 112, 158, 169, 177, 220

      as healer, 25, 184, 228

      as minor character, 2, 6, 26, 41, 49, 53, 63, 65, 92, 106
    -107, 118, 136

      as model of courtly love, 67-76, 116, 128

      as mother to her people, 4, 29, 183, 186, 197

      as object of affection, 67-68, 88, 139

      as pagan, 10, 165, 186, 198, 222-225

      as possession, 31

      as role model, 4, 20, 44, 65, 103, 106, 130, 160, 172, 219, 223, 298-230, 231

      as strong woman, 11, 29, 72, 76, 126, 147, 167, 172, 192-193, 195, 200-203, 211, 215, 217, 219-221, 223-224, 233

      as symbol of:

      Eve, 2, 8, 16, 17, 21, 26, 42, 43, 51, 88, 94, 97

      Goddess, 16-17, 36, 116, 152, 181

      Grief, 92-94

      ideal woman, 45, 65-67, 71, 76, 103, 123, 136

      Lancelot’s fatal flaw, 88, 97, 100, 121

      Mary Magdalene, 8, 16, 17, 51, 104, 123

      morality for Arthur’s court, 8, 79, 105, 120

      sovereignty, 17, 36, 47

      as warrior, 169, 195, 208-209, 212, 215, 225

      barren, 2, 19, 51, 56, 61, 116, 142, 156, 173-174, 181, 187, 189, 196, 218

      children of, 19-20, 92, 182, 189, 196, 198

      dependent on men, 76, 139, 146, 149, 151-160, 193, 221

      death of, 15, 24-25, 62

      duty to correct men/knights, 67, 71, 105, 115-116

      equality with Arthur, 10, 29, 72, 161-163, 174, 186-187, 195, 196, 209, 224-225, 233

      family of, 17-19, 83, 92, 155-156, 167, 195, 197, 208, 220-221, 224

      fear of Arthur and/or Mordred, 53, 59, 62, 87, 93, 111

      grief of, 52, 57, 92-94, 106, 219

      guilt of, 7, 20, 51, 57, 59-60, 84, 87-89, 91, 106, 112-113, 117, 155, 157, 170, 196-197, 233

      historical authenticity, 14-15, 41, 136, 154

      inconsistent characterization of, 8, 40, 65-66, 74, 80, 101, 103, 104, 105, 115, 197, 208, 213

      in convent, 22-23, 52-53, 59-60, 63, 93, 100, 105, 106, 110-112, 118, 141, 159, 164-70, 184, 189, 191n 495, 218, 220, 228

     


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