THEODORET c. 393-466. Born at Antioch (Antakya, south-east Turkey). Bishop of Cyrrhus (Kurus). Numerous works include Church History to 428 and 30 ascetic biographies of Religious History.
ZOSIMUS wrote c. 500. Tentatively identified with sophist of Ascalon (Ashkelon, southern Israel) or Gaza. Pagan. Writer of New History from Augustus to AD 410.
Some Books on the Decline & Fall
A. ALFOLDI
A Conflict of Ideas in the later Roman Empire: The Clash between the Senate and Valentinian I, Oxford University Press, 1952.
F. ALTHEIM
Niedergang der Alien Welt, Frankfurt-am-Main, 1952.
M. T. W. ARNHEIM
The Senatorial Aristocracy of the Later Roman Empire, Oxford University Press, 1972.
W. C. BARK
Origins of the Medieval World, Stanford University Press, 1958; Doubleday Anchor, 1960.
R. H. BARROW (ed.)
Prefect and Emperor: The Relationes ofSymmachus (AD 384), Oxford University Press, 1973.
R. BIANCHI BANDINELLI
The Late Empire: Roman Art AD 200-400, Thames and Hudson, 1971.
G. W. BOWERSOCK, J. CLIVE, S. R.
GRAUBARD (eds.)
Edward Gibbon and the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Harvard University Press, 1977.
p. BROWN
Augustine of Hippo, Faber 1967.
P. BROWN
The World of Late Antiquity, Thames and Hudson, 1971
j. w. BURROW
Gibbon, Oxford University Press, 1985.
J. B. BURY
History of the Later Roman Empire, 1923; Dover, 1958.
A. CAMERON
Claudian: Poetry and Propaganda at the Court of Honorius, Oxford University Press, 1970.
R. A. G. CARSON
Principal Coins of the Romans, Vol. Ill, The Dominate AD 294-498, British Museum Publications Ltd., 1981.
R. A. G. CARSON and J. P. C KENT
Part II (AD 346-98), Spink, 1960.
M. CHAMBERS (ed.)
The Fall of Rome: Can it be Explained? Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1963.
A. CHASTAGNOL
Recherches sur I'Histoire Auguste
(Antiquitas, Reihe 4), Habelt, Bonn, 1970.
K. CHRIST (ed.)
Der Untergang des romischen
Reiches (Wege der Forschung),
1971
C N. COCHRANE
Christianity and Classical Culture, Oxford University Press, 1940; Galaxy, 1957.
C. H. COSTER
Late Roman Studies, Harvard University Press, 1968.
P. COURCELLE
Histoire litteraire des grandes invasions germaniques, Paris, 1948; 3rd ed., 1965.
B. CUNLIFFE
Romans and the Barbarian West: Spheres of Interaction 600 BC-AD 400, 1988.
P. B. CRADDOCK Edward Gibbon, Luminous Historian, John Hopkins University Press, 1988.
c. DAWSON
The Making of Europe, 1932; Meridian, 1956.
A. DEMANDT
Der Fall Roms, Munich, 1984.
E. DEMOUGEOT
La formation de I'Europe et les invasions barbares, Paris, 1969.
H.-J. DIESNER
Die Volkerwanderung, Leipzig, 1976, Gutersloh, 1980 (translated as The Great Migration: The Movement of Peoples across Europe AD 300-joo, Orbis, London, 1982).
S. DILL
Roman Society in the Last Century of
the Western Empire, 1898; Meridian, 1958.
E. R. DODDS
Pagan and Christian in an Age of Anxiety, Cambridge University Press, 1965.
G. DOWNEY
The Late Roman Empire, Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1969.
F. H. DUDDEN
Life and Times of St Ambrose, 1935. v. DURUY
Histoire des Romains depuis les temps les plus recules jusqu'a la mort de Constant in, Paris , 1879-85.
F. DVORNIK
Byzance et la primaute romaine, Cerf, Paris, 1964 (translated as Byzantium and the Roman Primacy, Fordham University Press, 1966).
D. EARL
The Moral and Political Tradition of Rome, Thames and Hudson, 1967.
w. ENSSLIN
A. FERRILL
The Fall of the Roman Empire: The Military Explanation, Thames and Hudson, 1983, 1988.
S. FISCHER-FABIAN
Die Ersten Deutschen, Knaur Nachfolger, Munich and Zurich, 1975-
E. GIBBON
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, London, 1776-88 (abridged by D. M. Low, Chatto and Windus, 1960, Washington Square, 1962).
W GOFFART
Barbarians and Romans, AD 418-584: The Techniques of Accommodation, 1987.
W. GOFFART
The Narrators of Barbarian History (AD 550-800), 1987.
C. D. GORDON
The Age of Attila, University of Michigan Press, 1960.
M. GRANT
The Fall of the Roman Empire: Is it Relevant to Us?' in O. Molden (ed.), Evolution und die Zukunft der Menschheit, Vienna, 1985.
M. GRANT
The Dawn of the Middle Ages, McGraw Hill and Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1981.
L. HAMBLEN
Attila et les Huns, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 1972.
R. M. HAYWOOD
The Myth of Rome's Fall, Alvin Redman, 1960.
H. HOMEYER
Attila der Hunnenkonig von seinen Zeitgenossen dargestellt, de Gruyter, Berlin, 1951.
H. ISBELL (ed.)
The Last Poets of Imperial Rome, Penguin, 1971.
A. H. M. JONES
The Decline of the Ancient World, Longmans, 1966.
A. H. M. JONES
The Later Roman Empire, Blackwell, 1964.
D. P. JORDAN
Gibbon and his Roman Empire, University of Illinois Press, 1971.
w. E. KAEGI
Byzantium and the Decline of Rome, Princeton University Press, 1968.
D. KAGAN (ed.) The End of the Roman Empire: Decline or Transformation, 2nd ed., Lexington Massachusetts, 1978.
J. N. D. KELLY
Jerome: His Life, Writings and Controversies, Duckworth, 1974.
M. MCCORMICK
Eternal Victory, Cambridge University Press, 1986.
H. p. L'ORANGE
Art Forms and Civic Life in the Late Roman Empire, Princeton 1965.
F. LOT
La fin du monde antique et le debut du Moyen-Age, Paris, 1927 (translated as The End of the Ancient World and the Beginning of the Middle Ages, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1931; reprint 1966).
R. MACMULLEN
Corruption and the Decline of Rome, Yale University Press, 1988.
O.J.MAENCHEN-HELFEN
The World of the Huns, University
of California Press, Berkeley, 1973.
FX. I. MARROU
S. Augustin et la fin de la culture antique, 4th ed., Paris, 1958 (translated as St Augustine and his influence [Men of Wisdom series], 1957)-
J. MATTHEWS
Western Aristocracies and Imperial Court AD 364-425, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1975.
H. MATTINGLY
Roman Coins, Methuen, 1928; 2nd ed., 1960.
S. MAZZARINO
La fine del mondo antico, Garzanti,
Milan, 1959 (translated as The End of the Ancient World, Faber and Faber, London, and Knopf, New York, 1966).
S. MAZZARINO
Stilicone: La crisi imperiale dopo Teodosio, Rome, 1942.
A. MOMIGLIANO (ed.)
The Conflict between Paganism and Christianity in the Fourth Century, Oxford University Press, 1963.
C. L. DE S. MONTESQUIEU
Considerations sur les causes de la grandeur des Romains et de leur decadence, Paris, 1734 (translated as Considerations on the Causes of the Greatness of the Romans and their Decline, Cornell, 1969).
L. MUSSET
The German Invasions, University Park, Pennsylvania, 1975.
K. L. NOETHLI
CHS
Die gesetzgeberischen Massnahmen der christlichen Kaiser des vierten Jahrhunderts, Koln University, 1971.
H. O. OSBORN
The Emergence of Christian Culture in the West, Harper, 1958.
J. R. PALANQUE
Le bas-empire, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 1971.
A. PAREDI
S. Ambrogio, Milan, 1960 (translated as St Ambrose, 1964).
A. PARRY (ed.)
Studies in Fifth-Century Thought and Literature (Yale Classical Studies, Vol. 22), 1972.
F. PASCHOUD
Roma Aeterna (Bibliotheca Helvetica Romana, Vol. 7), Institut Suisse, Rome 1967.
s. PEROWNE
The End of the Roman World, Hodder and Stoughton, 1966.
c. PHARR
The Theodosian Code and Novels and Sirmondian Constitutions, Princeton University Press, 1952.
A. PIGANIOL
L'empire chretien, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 1947; 2nd ed., 1972.
J. D. RANDERS-PEHRSON
Barbarians and Romans: The Birth Struggle of Europe AD 400—700, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, 1983.
w. REHM
Der Untergang Roms in abendlandischen Denken (Das Erbe der Alten, Vol. 18), Leipzig, 1930.
R. REMONDON
La crise de Vempire romain, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 1964.
R. SEAGER
Ammianus Marcellinus: Seven Studies in his Language and Thought, University of Missouri Press, 1986.
0.SEECK
Geschichte des Untergangs der antiken Welt, Stuttgart, 1910-19.
E. STEIN
Geschichte des spatrdmischen Reichs, I: Vom rbmischen zum byzantinischen Staate (284-476 n. Chr.), Vienna, 1928 (translated and revised as Histoire du bas-empire, Paris, 1959).
R. SYME
Ammianus and the Historia Augusta, Oxford University Press, 1968.
R. SYME
Emperors and Biography: Studies in the Historia Augusta, Oxford University Press, 1971.
M. TESTARD
S. Jerome, Les Belles Lettres, Paris, 1969.
E. A. THOMPSON
The Early Germans, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1965.
E. A. THOMPSON
A History of Attila and the Huns, Oxford University Press, 1948, Greenwood Press, Westport, 1975-
E. A. THOMPSON
Romans and Barbarians: The Decline of the Western Empire, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1982.
M.TODD
The Northern Barbarians 100 BC-AD 300, London, 1978.
J. VOGT
Der Niedergang Roms, Kindler, Zurich, 1965 (translated as The Decline of Rome, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1967).
J. VOGT
Kulturwelt und Barbaren: zum
Menschheitsbild der spatantiken Gesellschaft (Akademie der Wissenschaften in Mainz), Steiner, Wiesbaden, 1967.
F. W. WALBANK
The Awful Revolution, Liverpool University Press, 1969.
J. M. WALLACE-HADRILL
The Barbarian West AD 400-1000, 3rd ed., London 1967.
M. A. WES
Das Ende des Kaisertums im Westen des romischen Reichs (translated from Dutch; Nederlands Historisch Instituut te Rome), Ministerie van Cultuur, Rijswijk, 1967.
L. WHITE (ed.)
The Transformation of the Roman World: Gibbon's Problem after Two Centuries (UCLA), University of California Press, 1966.
D. WOMERSLEY
The Transformation or the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Cambridge University Press, 1989.
N. YOFFEE and G. L. COWGILL (eds.)
The Collapse of Ancient States and Civilizations, University of Arizona Press, 1988.
MAPS
i. The Western and Eastern Empires AD 395
2. The Barbarian Invasions of the Fifth Century AD
3. Europe after the Fall of the Western Empire AD 476
4. Italy
9- North Africa and Spain
Index
Actium 115 Adam 128, 153,191ft. 'adoptive' succession 2, 9 Adrianople, see Hadrianopolis Adriatic Sea 102, 115, 120 Aetius 15ft., 191., 39, 66, 101,137 Africa, North 1, 7, 13, 15ft., 20, 22, 32, 36, 43, 53, 65, 7if., 91, 93, 95, 1141., 1171., i2if., 133, 139, 149, i6of., 163, 183, 190, 201 f.
agriculture, grain, wine 2, 15, 40,
57-61, 711., 771., 82, 126, 204 Alamanni 3, 6, 36, 133, 179 Alans 11, 133
Alaric 1 7, 10-14, 20> 36/ 59/102, 109, 117-20, 127, 138, 157, 161, 1791., 188-91
Aleppo, see Beroea
Alexandria 148, 1501.
Algeria, see Africa, North
Alps 11, 65
Alsium (Palo) 72
Ambiani (Samarobriva, Amiens) 6
Ambrose, St. 39, 44, 58, 72,100, 132, 152, 154, i56f., i59f., 164, 168, i88f.
Amida (Diyarbakir) 51
Amiens, see Ambiani
Ammianus Marcellinus 6, 17, 33, 39/ 42- 53/ 59/ 65/ 67f., 73, 76, 78/ 83, 95, 97f., ioi, 131, 158, 163, 179, 181
Angles 17, 126 Annaba, see Hippo Regius Anthemius 21, i22f. Antioch 42, 169
Antonius, Marcus (Mark Antony) n5f.
Antony, St. 146, 148ft. Antwerp 134 Aquileia 8, 149 Aquincum 2
Aquitania, see Novempopulana
Arbogast 9, 124
Arcadius 9f., 102, 116, 119, 160
Arelate3, 13^, 73, 186
Aremorica (Brittany) 46,65
Argentorate (Strasbourg) 4
Arius, Arians 137ft., 164, 20of.
Aries, see Arelate
art, architecture 5, 72, io2f.; see
also mosaics Arverna (Clermont-Ferrand) 21,
46, 65, 75, 130,177 Arverni (Auvergne) 21, 46 Asia Minor 7, 113, 151,198 Ataulf 14, 120, 127, i29f. Athanasius, St. 148 Atlantic Ocean 1, 19 Attalus, Priscus, see Priscus
Attalus
Attila i8f., 22, 43, 81, 98,121, 157/ 179
Augusta Treverorum, see Treveri Augustine, St. 33, 43, 71, 128,
138,149, 1521., 161, 164-7,170'
176, 180,187-96,199 Augustonemetum, see Arverna Augustus 2, 28, 115, 181 Aurelius, Marcus 2, 113, i45f. Ausci (Auch), see Orientius Ausonius 70, 76, 147, 159,178 Auvergne, see Arverni Avela (Avila) 167 Avianius Symmachus, see
Symmachus Avitus 73, 122, 130
Babylon 182, 191 Bacaudae, Bagaudae 65ft. Bactria 182 Baltic Sea 18 bandits, see brigands Barcino (Barcelona) 14 Basentus (Busento), R. 13 Basil of Caesarea, St., 186 Basilia (Basel) 6 Basiliscus 204 Belgrade, see Singidunum Benedict, St. 150 Beroea 169 Bethlehem 149, 189 Bithynia 199 Black Forest 6 Black Sea 114, 150 Blaesilla 153 Boak, A.E.R. 58 Bone, see Hippo Regius Boniface i5f.
Borbetomagus (Worms) 13 Bordeaux, see Burdigala Bosphorus, Thracian 3, 203 brigands, guerillas 41, 45, 65ft., 76/ 194
Brigantinus (Constance), Lake 8,
Britain xii, 1, iof., 17, 33, 46, 72,
93, 126, 191 Brittany, see Aremorica Brutus 181
Budapest, see Aquincum
Burdigala (Bordeaux) 14, 59, 147,
167, 177 bureaucracy, civil service,
officialdom 38, 56f., 67, 85, 89-
92, 97f., 169, 204 Burgundians 3, 6, 11, 13, 17,
i25ff., 129, 134 Burgus of Leontius 72 Bury, J.B. 64, I55f., 181 Butheric 138
Byzantine empire, Byzantium, see Constantinople
cabinet, imperial, see Consistory
Caecilian 201
Caesar, Julius 2, 181
Caesarea (Cappadocia), see Basil
Calchedon 199
Caledonia (Scotland) 6,193
Callinicum, Nicephorium, see
Nicephorium Camilli 104 Campus Martius 20 Cappadocia 198 Capraria (Capraia) 151 Cartagena, see Carthago Nova Cartennae (Tenes), see Vincentius Carthage 1, 17, 72, 97, i76f., 201 Carthago Nova (Cartagena) 21 Cassian, John, see John Cassian Cassius, Dio, see Dio Cassius Castra Batava 46 Catalaunian Plains 19 Cato 181 Cauca (Coca) 8 Celts, see Britain, Gaul Censuales 176 Chalcedon, see Calchedon Channel, English 11 Chrestus 162
Christ, Christianity, clergy 1, 4, 8, 37L, 56, 58, 64ft.
, 70, 72, 78, 8if., 84f., 92, 100, 103, 107, i28f., 132, 137ft., 145-71/ 175/ 185-202
Cibalae (Vinkovci) 5
Cicero x8o
Circumcelliones 201
civil service, see bureaucracy
Claudian 33, 53, 70, 102, 104,
n6ff., 128, i32f., i78f., i8if. Cleopatra VII clergy, see Christianity Clermont-Ferrand, see Arverna clothing 73, i32f., 137 Coca, see Cauca codes, legal, see law Codex Euricianus, see Euric Codex Theodosianus, see
Theodosius 11 coinage 54f., 105-10, 119L, 122,
179
Colosseum 60 Commodianus 195 Commodus 4 Consentia (Cosenza) 13 Consistory 93, 101 Constance, Lake, see Brigantinus Constantia, see Arelate,
Epiphanius Constantine 1 the Great 3L, 32,
36, 40, 42, 44, 54, 57, 70, 81,
113, 115, 124, 156, 158,162,
166, 177, 201 Constantine in nff. Constantinople (Byzantium,
Istanbul) 3, 7L, 10, i4f., 20, 22,
63, 71, 94, 103, 106, 113-123,
138, 176, 199, 203ft. Constantius 11 4, 101, 152, 158 Constantius m 13L, 103, 120,135 Corinth 152
corporations, commercial 82 corruption 92, 101 Cosenza, see Consentia councillors, town, see Curiales Creasy, Sir Edward 19 Curia, see Senate-house Curiales (town councillors) 63,
82-5, 95 Cynics 152 Cyprus 163
Cyrene (Shahhat), see Synesius Cyrrhus (Kurus), see Theodoret
Dacia Mediterranea 13 Dacia Ripensis 79 Dalmatia 2if., 120, 123, 158 Damasus, Pope 153, 156, 186, 199 Danube, R., Danubians 2f., 6ff., 10, 17, 19, 21, 34, 42, 46, 59, 65, 78L, 90, 93, 102, 122, 134,137, 203
Dardanelles, see Hellespont Defenders of the People
(Community) 63f., 77, 83 De Rebus Bellicis, see On Matters of
Warfare Dertona, see Tortona De Vocatione Omnium Nationum,
see On the Calling of All Nations Dill, Sir Samuel 96 Dio Cassius 79 dioceses 93f. Diocletian 3, 61, 113, 167 Diyarbakir, see Amida Domitian 4 Donatus, Donatists Downey, Glanville 204 dualists, see Manichaeans Duranus (Dordogne), R., 72 Duruy, Victor 7
Ecdicius 75
Edirne, see Hadrianopolis education 175ft.; see also rhetoric Egypt 146, 148L, 180 Elusa (Eauze) 116 Elvira, see Illiberis Ennodius 42
Epiphanius of Constantia 163 equites, see Knights Etruria 72 Eudoxius 66 Eugenius 9, 33, 159 Eugippius 46
Eunapius of Sardis 151, 160 eunuchs ioif., 117
Euphrates, R. 13 Euric 2if., 123, i3of., 140 Eusebius 58, 154, 163 Eutropius (statesman) 70, 102,