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Index
Page locator in bold indicates map
Abbas Mirza, 178, 180, 181, 184
Abbas the Great, 134–138, 141, 142
Abbas II, 141, 142, 159
Abbasid dynasty, 77–85, 104
court rich and learned, 80–82
as cultural reconquest of Arabs by Persians, 78
and power of governors/local dynasties, 80, 84
weakened by tax collecting measures, 119
Abd al-Wahhab, 175
Abrahamian, Ervand, 229
Abu Bakr, 72
Abu Muslim, 77, 128, 133
Abu’l Abbas, 77
Achaemenes, 5, 12
Achaemenid Empire, 11, 12–16, 22, 251
absorbed rather than destroyed culture of rivals, 14–15, 21
accession of Darius, 17–20
Alexander’s defeat of, 28, 29
and conquest of Egypt, 17
and the Greeks, 23–26
and Persian wars, 23, 25, 26
refounding of Empire by Darius, 20–23
system of government under, 21–23
writing looked upon negatively, 22
See also Cyrus
Acropolis, Athenian, 25, 29
Adel Shah, 163, 165–166, 169
Adhurpat, 55
Adhvenak, 9
Adultery, stoning for, 264
Afghan revolt against Safavids, 148–151
Al-Afghani, Jamal al-Din, 197–198
Afghanistan
founded by Ahmad Khan Abdali, 165–166
need for Iranian help in, 289
Afshars, 136, 151, 161
Agha Mohammad Khan (later Shah), 169–172, 176, 298–299. See also Qajar Persia
Agricultural settlements, earliest, 2, 3
Ahmad Khan Abdali (Ahmad Shah Durrani), 165–166, 216, 217, 219
Ahmadinejad, Mahmud, 285–286, 292, 296–299, 306
and denial of Holocaust, 290
Khamenei’s public dispute with, 303
Khamenei’s support for reelection of, 297
leverage of in Iran less than it appears, 289
Ahriman, 7–8, 42, 44
Ahura Mazda, 7–8, 19, 42, 44
Aisha (wife of Mohammad), 71
Ajam, 79
Akhbaris, 172–173
Akhtar (newspaper), 198
Al-e Ahmad, Jalal, 238–239, 245
Albright, Madeleine, 278
Alchemy of Happiness, The (al-Ghazali), 95
Alcohol and Safavids, 141–142, 143, 152. See also Wine
Alexander of Macedonia, 16, 28–30
Ali (fourth caliph), 76–77, 125, 126, 133
American school in Tehran, 248–249
Amin od-Dowleh, 199, 200
Amir Kabir, 191–192, 205
Amanpour, Christiane, 278
Amnesty International, 250, 252
Amuzegar, Jasmshid, 253
Anahita, 54
Andragoas, 32
Angels, 9
Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC), 231–232, 239
Anglo-Persian Agreement of 1919, 215–216
Anglo-Persian Oil Company, 212, 227, 235
Anti-Semitism, 290
Antony, Mark, 38–39
Aq-Qoyunlu, 120–121, 130–131, 132
Arabic language, 81–82, 83
Arab Spring of 2011, 302
Arabs
conquest of Sassanids, 72–74
early conquests of, 72, 73, 75–76
Aramaic language, 22, 34
Arberry, A.J., 93, 113
Arcadius, Roman Emperor, 56
Architecture
influence of Persians on Abbasids, 78–79
and Isfahan and Safavid, 136, 138, 148
Parthian and ivan audience hall, 34
and Soltaniyeh, 104
Ardashir, 43–46, 47, 54–55
Aristotelian philosophy and logic, 81–2
Armenia, 5, 54
Arsacids, 32, 43. See also Parthians
Arshak (Arsaces), 32
Artabanus (Ardavan) IV, 43, 44
Artaxerxes (Artakhshathra), 25
Artaxerxes II & III, 26
Asabiyya, 118–119, 131
Ashura commemorations, 125, 173–174, 175, 243, 268
Assembly of Experts, 264
Assyrians, 2, 4
Astyages, 12
Atatürk, Kemal, 222, 226, 227
Athens, 24, 25
Attar, Farid al-Din, 97–100
Augustine of Hippo, 51–53
Augustus Caesar, 30
Aurelian, Emperor, 54
Averroes, 82
Avesta, 5, 9, 34, 40, 55, 57, 58
Avicenna (Ibn Sina), 81–82, 95, 138, 270
“Axis of Evil” speech, 284
Azari, Farah, 276–277
Azerbaijan, 205, 216, 232–233, 234, 267
Babi movement and Baha’i religion, 187–189, 204
and Mohammad Reza Shah, 251–252
persecution of under Islamic Republic, 280
and Qorrat al-Ain, 188, 189
Babylon and Babylonians, 2, 10, 14, 25, 33
Bacchae, The (Euripides), 37
Baghdad, 78, 80, 90, 104
Bahar, Mohammad Taqi, 139, 225–226
Baha’uallah, 189
Bahrain, 286
Bahram Chubin, 63, 84
Bahram V (Bahram Gur), 57–58
Bakhtiar, Shahpur, 252, 253, 261–262
Bakhtiari tribe, 208, 209
El Baradei, Dr. Mohamed, 291
Bardiya, 17, 18
Battle of Marathon, 23
Bausani, Alessandro, 51, 53
Bazaar and bazaari merchants, 48, 205, 227, 247, 254, 274
Bazargan, Mehdi, 253, 257, 262, 263, 265
Behbehani, Aqa Mohammad Baqer, 192
Behbehani, Ayatollah Abdollah, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 208
Beheshti, Ayatollah, 266, 272
Beyt al-Hikma (House of Wisdom), 81
Bidel, 115
Bill, James A., 248
Bisitun, 17, 18–19, 20, 22, 86
Black Friday (September 8, 1978), 257
Bogomils, 52–53
Bonyad-e Mostazefin (Foundation for the Oppressed), 263, 265
Borujerdi, Ayatollah, 240, 242, 245
British
and blockade of oil exports in 1951, 235–236
buying Chieftain tanks from, 247
changing alliances of prior to WWI, 211
cynical policy of in nineteenth century, 195–196
and division of Persia in three parts in 1907, 207–208
expatriates in Iran in 1970s, 248
failure of policy, and Reza Khan, 218, 219
and Gulf War in 1991, 274
imperialism and Nader Shah, 164
and improvement of relations in 1998, 278
liaisons with ulema in 1902/3, 200
and mutual protection agreement of 1801, 178, 179
and Naser od-Din’s reign, 193
opposition of al-Afghani towards, 197
and replacing Mossadeq, 236
restoration of relations in 1954, 240
rivals with Russia in Persia, 187
sailors captured by Iran in 2007, 289
and successor to Fath Ali Shah, 185–186
and Treaty of Friendship and Alliance, 180
and WWI, 213–214, 215
See also Anglo-Iranian Oil Company; Anglo-Persian Oil Company
British Petroleum, 239
Buf-e Kur (The Blind Owl), 225
Bulls, 7, 42
Burial practices, 16
Bush, George W., 284
Bustan, The Orchard (Sa‘di), 111
Buyids dynasty, 84, 88
Byzantium, 63, 64
Caesar, Julius, 36, 38
Calendar, 7, 90, 251
Cambyses (Kambojiya), 17, 19, 23
Caracalla, 43
Carlyle, Thomas, 164
Carrhae, battle of, 36–38
Carter, President, 256, 258, 266
Cathars, 52, 53
Caucasus, 171, 177, 228
Russian/Persian war in 1804–1828, 178–179, 180, 181–182
Central Intelligence Agency of United States, 237
Chemical weapons, 268, 273, 274
China, 33
Chionite Huns, 56
Christians and Christianity, 50, 55, 57, 125
and Manichaeism and Augustine, 51–53
and Mithraism, 41
and Mohammad, 70
tolerance and Islam, 74
Churchill, Winston, 283
Cinema, Iranian, 293–294
Clinton, Bill, 278
Communist political movements, 229. See also Tudeh
Conscription, military, 223
Constantine, Emperor, 55
Constitution. See Mashruteh
Constitutional Revolution of 1905–1911, 202–211, 212
centralizing effect of, 213
Curzon missing impact of, 215
ideals of resurface again and again, 212–213
reinstated after Shah’s coup and foreign interventions, 208
Reza Khan as nemesis and child of, 220
Western influence upon, 205, 206, 210
and WWI, 213
Constitutionalists, 206, 225
Continuity from pre-Islamic to Islamic era, 67–68
Corbulo, Gnaeus Domitius, 40
Cossack Brigade, 195, 207, 208, 213, 217, 218, 222
Council of Guardians, 264, 286
Crassus, Marcus Licinius, 36–38
Croesus of Lydia, King, 1, 12
Crone, Patricia, 15
Ctesiphon, 33, 44, 72
Culture
and conquering of Mongols, 104, 105
and dehqans after Islamic conquest, 60
influence of Persian on Abbasids, 78–79, 83
influence outside Persia in Safavid period, 138–139
influential in world history, 293–294
and Iran as empire of mind, 120, 294
of Parthians, 34
pervasive nature of Persian at time of Nader Shah, 159
and resilience of Persian scholar-bureaucrats, 120
and Shu‘ubiyya movement, 79
spread by Sufis in eleventh/twelfth centuries on, 95