18. ‘Taken Prisoner: ‘The March’ from Katong House to Changi Jail Singapore – 12th February to 8th March 1942’ by Robert Brooks, Children of Far east Prisoners of War Association, Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 15 January 2010
Chapter 2 – Evacuation
1. ‘My Memories of Leaving Singapore’ by Catherine Butcher, Children of Far East Prisoners of War Association, Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 14 January 2009
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. ‘My Memories of Being a Child Civilian Internee’ by Eileen Page (nee Harris), Children of Far East Prisoners of War Association,Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 5 January 2009
5. ‘A Lost Youth’ by greyladies, WW2 People’s War,Article ID:A8049378, BBC History, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history, 26 December 2005, accessed 1 May 2010
6. HMS Giang Bee – Researched Passenger List, Children of Far East Prisoners of War Association (COFEPOW), Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 6 May 2010
7. Ibid.
8. ‘A Lost Youth’ by greyladies, WW2 People’s War,Article ID:A8049378, BBC History, 26 December 2005, accessed 1 May 2010
Chapter 3 – New Masters
1. ‘Taken Prisoner: ‘The March’ from Katong House to Changi Jail Singapore – 12th February to 8th March 1942’ by Robert Brooks, Children of Far East Prisoners of War Association, Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 15 January 2010
2. Colin Smith, Singapore Burning: Heroism and Surrender in World War II (London: Penguin Viking, 2005) 554
3. R. M. Horner, Singapore Diary: The Hidden Journal of Captain
R. M. Horner (London: Spellmount Publishers Ltd, 2007), 12
4. Diary of Brigadier Eric Whitlock Goodman, DSO, MC, 17th February 1942, Far East Prisoners of War Association (FEPOW), http://www. britain-at-war.org.uk/WW2/Brigadier_EW_Goodman/
5. ‘Taken Prisoner: ‘The March’ from Katong House to Changi Jail Singapore – 12th February to 8th March 1942’ by Robert Brooks, Children of Far East Prisoners of War Association, Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 15 January 2010
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. ‘My Tenko Quilt: The 78-year-old reunited with the quilt she made secretly in Japan camp’ by Elizabeth Sanderson, The Mail on Sunday, 20 March 2010
11. Noel Barber, Sinister Twilight: The Fall of Singapore (London: Cassell Military, 2002), 243
12. ‘Taken Prisoner: ‘The March’ from Katong House to Changi Jail Singapore – 12th February to 8th March 1942’ by Robert Brooks, Children of Far East Prisoners of War Association, Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 15 January 2010
Chapter 4 – Internment
1. ‘My Memories of Being a Child Civilian Internee’ by Eileen Page (nee Harris), Children of Far East Prisoners of War Association, Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 5 January 2009
2. Ibid.
3. Bernice Archer, The Internment of Western Civilians under the Japanese, 1941–1945: A patchwork of internment (Routledge, 2004), 177
4. Ibid: 184
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid: 186
7. Ibid: 186
8. Ibid: 186
9. Ibid: Author to add page number
10. Ibid: 187
11. Ibid: 188
12. Ibid: 190
13. Ibid: 190
14. Ibid: 190
15. Ibid: 192
16. Ibid: 192
17. Ibid: 192
18. Ibid: 192
19. Frances B. Cogan, Captured, The Internment of American Civilians in the Philippines, 1941–1945 (Athens, University of Georgia Press, 2000), 2
20. Ibid: 246
21. Bernice Archer, The Internment of Western Civilians under the Japanese, 1941–1945: A patchwork of internment (Routledge, 2004), 181
22. Lyn Smith, Young Voices: British Children Remember the Second World War (London: Viking, 2007), 293–4
23. Bernice Archer, The Internment of Western Civilians under the Japanese, 1941–1945: A patchwork of internment (Routledge, 2004), 184
24. Lyn Smith, Young Voices: British Children Remember the Second World War (London: Viking, 2007), 293–4
25. Ibid: 294
26. Ibid: 299–300
27. Bernice Archer, The Internment of Western Civilians under the Japanese, 1941–1945: A patchwork of internment (Routledge, 2004), 187
28. Lyn Smith, Young Voices: British Children Remember the Second World War (London: Viking, 2007), 300
29. Bernice Archer, The Internment of Western Civilians under the Japanese, 1941–1945: A patchwork of internment (Routledge, 2004), 192
30. C. Hudson Southwell, Uncharted Waters (Calgary: Astana Publishing, 1999), 165
31. Peter Firkins, Borneo Surgeon: A Reluctant Hero (Western Australia: Hesperian Press, 1995)
Chapter 5 – City of Terror
1. Ralph Shaw, Sin City (London: Warner Books, 1973), 207
2. ‘Life in Occupied Shanghai – 1941’ by Norman Douglas Shaw, WW2 People’s War, Article ID: A3913382, BBC History, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history, 18 April 2005, accessed 22 January 2010
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. ‘Japanese Internment Camp in China’ by Moira Barbara, WW2 People’s War, Article ID: A4038220, BBC History, 9 May 2005, accessed 21 January 2010
7. Valerie Kinghorn and Ronald Calder interviewed by Dani Garavelli, The Sunday Times, 12 February 2001
8. Ibid.
9. ‘Japanese Internment Camp in China’ by Moira Barbara, WW2 People’s War, Article ID: A4038220, BBC History, 9 May 2005, accessed 21 January 2010
10. Ibid.
11. Bernard Wasserstein, Secret War in Shanghai: Treachery, Subversion and Collaboration in the Second World War (London: Profile Books Ltd, 1998), 140
12. ‘Heather Burch remembers Lunghwa CAC’, interview, Shanghai High School International Division
13. Shanghai – Longhua Camp, from an interview with Rachel Bosebury Beck, Shanghai High School International Division
14. Lyn Smith, Young Voices: British Children Remember the Second World War (London: Viking, 2007), 294
15. Valerie Kinghorn interviewed by Dani Garavelli, The Sunday Times, 12 February 2001
16. Lyn Smith, Young Voices: British Children Remember the Second World War (London: Viking, 2007), 295–6
17. Shanghai – Longhua Camp, from an interview with Rachel Bosebury Beck, Shanghai High School International Division
18. Ibid.
19. Lyn Smith, Young Voices: British Children Remember the Second World War (London: Viking, 2007), 295
20. Shanghai – Longhua Camp, from an interview with Rachel Bosebury Beck, Shanghai High School International Division
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. ‘Heather Burch remembers Lunghwa CAC’, interview, Shanghai High School International Division
24. Lyn Smith, Young Voices: British Children Remember the Second World War (London: Viking, 2007), 295
25. ‘Heather Burch remembers Lunghwa CAC’, interview, Shanghai High School International Division
26. Valerie Kinghorn and Ronald Calder interviewed by Dani Garavelli, The Sunday Times, 12 February 2001
27. Shanghai – Longhua Camp, from an interview with Rachel Bosebury Beck, Shanghai High School International Division
28. Valerie Kinghorn interviewed by Dani Garavelli, The Sunday Times, 12 February 2001
29. Lyn Smith, Young Voices: British Children Remember the Second World War, (London: Viking, 2007), 296
30. Ibid: 296
31. Ibid: 299
32. ‘Heather Burch remembers Lunghwa CAC’, interview, Shanghai High School International Division
33. ‘Nel’s Story: Part II: Internment – Kares-E and Kota Paris’ by anakbandung, WW2 People’s War, Article ID: A2796942, BBC History, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history, 30 June 2004, accessed 22 January 2010
34. Ibid.
35. J.G. Ballard interviewed by Martin Amis, The Observ
er Magazine, 2 September 1984
36. J.G. Ballard interviewed by Claire Tomalin, The Sunday Times, 9 September 1984
37. Lyn Smith, Young Voices: British Children Remember the Second World War (London: Viking, 2007), 299
38. Shanghai – Longhua Camp, from an interview with Rachel Bosebury Beck, Shanghai High School International Division
39. ‘Heather Burch remembers Lunghwa CAC’, interview, Shanghai High School International Division
40. Courtesy of David Parker, OBE, Director of Information and Secretariat, Commonwealth War Graves Commission, in a letter to the author, 14 March 2008
Chapter 6 – Hell’s Waiting Room
1. Michel’s Musings, http://members.iinet.net.au/~vanderkp/michel. htm, accessed 14 January 2010
2. ‘Tjideng – A Prison Camp for Woman: Riet Remembers’, Children of Far East Prisoners of War (COFEPOW), Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 20 January 2010
3. Ibid.
4. ‘Tjideng Camp – 1942 to 1945 (a women and children’s internment camp in Batavia) Hetty’s Story’, Children of Far East Prisoners of War (COFEPOW), Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 13 January 2009
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
8. ‘Hardy’s memories of life in Tjideng Camp – 1942 to 1945’, Children of Far East Prisoners of War (COFEPOW), Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 15 January 2010
9. ‘Tjideng Camp – 1942 to 1945 (a women and children’s internment camp in Batavia) Hetty’s Story’, Children of Far East Prisoners of War (COFEPOW), Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 13 January 2009
10.Gavan Daws, Prisoners of the Japanese: POWs of the Second World War (London: Pocket Books, 1994), 59
11.‘Tjideng Camp – 1942 to 1945 (a women and children’s internment camp in Batavia) Hetty’s Story’, Children of Far East Prisoners of War (COFEPOW), Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 13 January 2009
12.‘Hardy’s memories of life in Tjideng Camp – 1942 to 1945’, Children of Far East Prisoners of War (COFEPOW), Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 15 January 2010
13.Michel’s Musings, http://members.iinet.net.au/~vanderkp/michel. htm, accessed 20 January 2010
14.‘Tjideng Camp – 1942 to 1945 (a women and children’s internment camp in Batavia) Hetty’s Story’, Children of Far East Prisoners of War (COFEPOW), Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 13 January 2009
15.Ibid.
16.Ibid.
17.‘Hardy’s memories of life in Tjideng Camp – 1942 to 1945’, Children of Far East Prisoners of War (COFEPOW), Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 15 January 2010
18.Ibid.
19.Michel’s Musings, http://members.iinet.net.au/~vanderkp/michel. htm, accessed 20 January 2010
20.Ibid.
21.‘Hardy’s memories of life in Tjideng Camp – 1942 to 1945’, Children of Far East Prisoners of War (COFEPOW), Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 15 January 2010
22.Ibid.
23.Ibid.
24.Michel’s Musings, http://members.iinet.net.au/~vanderkp/michel. htm, accessed 20 January 2010
25.Ibid.
26.Ibid.
27.Ibid.
28.‘Tjideng Camp – 1942 to 1945 (a women and children’s internment camp in Batavia) Hetty’s Story’, Children of Far East Prisoners of War (COFEPOW), Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 13 January 2009
29.‘Tjideng – A Prison Camp for Woman: Riet Remembers’, Children of Far East Prisoners of War (COFEPOW), Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 20 January 2010
30.Ibid.
31.Ibid.
32.Ibid.
33.‘Tjideng Camp – 1942 to 1945 (a women and children’s internment camp in Batavia) Hetty’s Story’, Children of Far East Prisoners of War (COFEPOW), Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 13 January 2009
34.‘Hardy’s memories of life in Tjideng Camp – 1942 to 1945’, Children of Far East Prisoners of War (COFEPOW), Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 15 January 2010
35.Ibid.
36.‘Tjideng Camp – 1942 to 1945 (a women and children’s internment camp in Batavia) Hetty’s Story’, Children of Far East Prisoners of War (COFEPOW), Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 13 January 2009
37.Hardy’s memories of life in Tjideng Camp – 1942 to 1945’, Children of Far East Prisoners of War (COFEPOW), Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 15 January 2010
38.‘Tjideng Camp – 1942 to 1945 (a women and children’s internment camp in Batavia) Hetty’s Story’, Children of Far East Prisoners of War (COFEPOW), Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 13 January 2009
39.Hardy’s memories of life in Tjideng Camp – 1942 to 1945’, Children of Far East Prisoners of War (COFEPOW), Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 15 January 2010
40.‘How I lost My Best Friend’ by sonnyjim/Mike Nellis, WW2 People’s War, Article ID: A2859276, BBC History, accessed 20 November 2008
41.‘My Experiences in Japanese Concentration Camps on Java, Indonesia’ by Johan Rijkee, WW2 People’s War, Article ID: A4180169, BBC History, accessed 3 January 2009
42.Ibid.
43.‘How I lost My Best Friend’ by sonnyjim/Mike Nellis, WW2 People’s War, BBC History, Article ID: A2859276, accessed 20 November 2008
44.Ibid.
45.Ibid.
46.Ibid.
47.Lyn Smith, Young Voices: British Children Remember the Second World War (London: Viking, 2007), 295
48.‘My Experiences in Japanese Concentration Camps on Java, Indonesia’ by Johan Rijkee, WW2 People’s War, BBC History, Article ID: A4180169, accessed 3 January 2009
49.Ibid.
50.Ibid.
51.Ibid.
Chapter 7 – Hard Times
1. Bernice Archer, The Internment of Western Civilians under the Japanese, 1941–1945, A Patchwork of Internment (Routledge, 2004), 197
2. Ibid: 197
3. Ibid: 198
4. Ibid: 200
5. ‘My Memories of Being a Child Civilian Internee’ by Eileen Page (nee Harris), Children of Far East Prisoners of War Association, Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 5 January 2009
6. Ibid.
8. Bernice Archer, The Internment of Western Civilians under the Japanese, 1941–1945, A Patchwork of Internment (Routledge, 2004), 198
9. Ibid: 199
10. Ibid: 203
11. ‘My Tenko Quilt: The 78-year-old reunited with the quilt she made secretly in Japan camp’ by Elizabeth Sanderson, The Mail on Sunday, 20 March 2010
12. Ibid.
13. Lyn Smith, Young Voices: British Children Remember the Second World War (London: Viking, 2007), 299
14. ‘Three Years In A Prison Camp’ by Ada N. Hayes, The Hampton Union, May 10, 1945
15. Ibid.
16. Lyn Smith, Young Voices: British Children Remember the Second World War (London: Viking, 2007), 298
17. Ibid.
18. ‘Three Years In A Prison Camp’ by Ada N. Hayes, The Hampton Union, May 10, 1945
19. Lyn Smith, Young Voices: British Children Remember the Second World War (London: Viking, 2007), 298
20. Ibid.
21. ‘Three Years In A Prison Camp’ by Ada N. Hayes, The Hampton Union, May 10, 1945
22. Lyn Smith, Young Voices: British Children Remember the Second World War (London: Viking, 2007), 298
23. Bernice Archer, The Internment of Western Civilians under the Japanese, 1941–1945, A Patchwork of Internment (Routledge, 2004), 205
24. Ibid: 205
25. Ibid: 205
26. Ibid: 205–6
27. Ibid: 191
28. Ibid: 191
Chapter 8 – Comfort Girls
1. Lyn Smith, Young Voices: British Children Remember the Second World War (London: Viking, 2007), 295
2. Bart van Poelgeest, Report of a Study of Dutch Government Documents on the Forced Prostitution of Dutch Women in the Dutch East Indies during the Japanese Occupation, Unofficial Translation, 24 January 1994
3. Ibid.
4. Ly
n Smith, Young Voices: British Children Remember the Second World War (London: Viking, 2007), 296
5. Ibid.
6. The Forgotten Ones, transcript of television documentary on Australian Story, produced by Margaret Parker, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, http://www.abc.net.au/auhistory/transcripts/s351798. htm
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. The Forgotten Ones, transcript of television documentary on Australian Story, produced by Margaret Parker, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, http://www.abc.net.au/auhistory/transcripts/s351798. htm
Chapter 9 – God Save the King
1. Shanghai – Longhua Camp, from an interview with Rachel Bosebury Beck, Shanghai High School International Division
2. Lyn Smith, Young Voices: British Children Remember the Second World War (London: Viking, 2007), 297
3. Shanghai – Longhua Camp, from an interview with Rachel Bosebury Beck, Shanghai High School International Division
4. Ibid.
5. Valerie Kinghorn and Ronald Calder interviewed by Dani Garavelli, The Sunday Times, 12 February 2001
6. ‘God Save the King!’ by Mrs K.S. Snuggs, WW2 People’s War, Article ID: A2350135, 26 February 2004, BBC History, http://www.bbc. co.uk/history, accessed 21 January 2010
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Lyn Smith, Young Voices: British Children Remember the Second World War (London: Viking, 2007), 294
10. Ibid: 294
Chapter 10 – The Final Stretch
1. Keat Gin Ooi, Japanese Empire in the Tropics: Selected Documents and Reports of the Japanese Period in Sarawak, North West Borneo, 1941– 1945, Ohio University Center for International Studies, Monographs in International Studies, SE Asia Series 101, 1998
2. ‘Tjideng Camp – 1942 to 1945 (a women and children’s internment camp in Batavia) Hetty’s Story’, Children of Far East Prisoners of War (COFEPOW), Website: www.cofepow.org, accessed 13 January 2009
3. ‘How I lost My Best Friend’ by Mike Nellis, WW2 People’s War, Article ID: A2859276, BBC History, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history, accessed 20 November 2008