Ai Weiwei and the Sichuan earthquake
K Grube, ‘Ai Weiwei’s challenge to Chinese government over earthquake’, ArtAsiaPacific, July–August 2009.
Tibetan riots
James Miles, ‘Monks on the march’, The Economist, March 13 2008 <www.economist.com/node/10855024> accessed April 15 2016; James Miles, ‘Fire on the roof of the world’, The Economist, March 14 2008 <www.economist.com/node/10870258> accessed April 15 2016; James Miles, interview with CNN, March 20 2008 <http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/03/20/tibet.miles.interview/> accessed April 15 2016.
Melamine milk scandal
David Bandurski, ‘Press controls feed China’s food problem’, The Wall Street Journal, 7 October 2008 <http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122332462058208791> accessed April 15 2016; Tania Branigan, ‘Chinese figures show fivefold increase in babies sick from contaminated milk’, The Guardian, December 2 2008 <www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/02/china> accessed April 15 2016; Gong Jing and Liu Jingjing, ‘Spilling the blame for China’s milk crisis’, Caijing Magazine, October 10 2008, <http://english.caijing.com.cn/2008-1010/110019183.html> accessed April 15 2016.
Charter 08
Liu Xiaobo, No Enemies, No Hatred, pp. 300–12.
Religion
‘Cracks in the atheist edifice’, The Economist, November 1 2014 <www.economist.com/news/briefing/21629218-rapid-spread-christianityforcing-official-rethink-religion-cracks> accessed April 15 2016; Katharina Wenzel-Teuber, (trans) David Streit, ‘People’s Republic of China: religions and churches statistical overview 2011’, Religions & ChristianityinToday’sChina, vol. II, 2012, no. 3 <www.china-zentrum.de/fileadmin/redaktion/RCTC_2012-3.29-54_Wenzel-Teuber_Statistical_Overview_2011.pdf> accessed April 15 2016.
30th anniversary of the Stars exhibition
Madeleine O’Dea, ‘The long view: a short history of Chinese contemporary art’, the Beijinger, September 2009; Madeleine O’Dea, ‘Commentary: Chinese contemporary art turns 30’, Orientations, vol. 40, no. 8, November/December 2009.
Trial of Liu Xiaobo
Liu Xiaobo, No Enemies, No Hatred, pp. 313–26.
CHAPTER TEN
AMNESIA AND MEMORY
Treatment of ‘Landlords’
Frank Dikötter, The Tragedy of Liberation: a history of the Chinese Revolution 1945–1957, chapters 4 & 5, Bloomsbury, New York, 2013.
Great Leap Forward and Great Famine
Dikötter, Mao’s Great Famine; Huang Zheping, ‘Charted: China’s Great Famine, according to Yang Jisheng, a journalist who lived through it’, Quartz, March 10 2016 <http://qz.com/633457/charted-chinasgreat-famine-according-to-yang-jisheng-a-journalist-who-livedthrough-it/> accessed April 16 2016; Jonathan Kaiman, ‘Survivors tell the camera the hidden tale of China’s Great Famine,’ Los Angeles Times, October 14 2015, <www.latimes.com/world/great-reads/la-fg-c1china-great-famine-20151014-story.html> accessed 15 April 2016; Yang Jisheng, Tombstone, The Great Chinese Famine 1958–1962.
Tiananmen 1989
Louisa Lim, ‘25 years on, mothers of Tiananmen Square dead seek answers’, NPR, May 20 2014 <www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/05/20/313961978/25-years-on-mothers-of-tiananmen-square-dead-seek-answers> accessed April 15 2016; Madeleine O’Dea, ‘Guo Jian: detained for refusing to abide mass amnesia of Tiananmen’, The Guardian, June 4 2014 <www.theguardian.com/world/australiaculture-blog/2014/jun/04/guo-jian-detained-for-refusing-to-abideby-mass-amnesia-of-tiananmen> accessed April 15 2016; Tiananmen Mothers website <www.tiananmenmother.org>.
Patriotic education
Julia Lovell, The Opium War: Drugs, Dreams and the making of modern China, Picador, Sydney, 2011 (see her excellent account of the use of Chinese history in modern patriotic education).
Tibet
Elliot Sperling, The Tibet-China Conflict: history and polemics, Policy Studies 7, East-West Center, Washington, 2007; Tsering Woeser, ‘Why are Tibetans setting themselves on fire?’, NYR Daily, January 11 2016 <www.nybooks.com/daily/2016/01/11/why-are-tibetans-self-immolating/> accessed 15 April 2016.
Xinjiang
Amnesty International, ‘China: shameful stadium “show trial” is not justice’, May 29 2014 <www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2014/05/china-shameful-stadium-show-trial-not-justice> accessed April 16 2016; Nicholas Bequelin, ‘Criminalising ethnicity: political repression in Xinjiang’, China Rights Forum, no.1, 2004 <www.hrichina.org/sites/default/files/PDFs/CRF.1.2004/b1_Criminalizing1.2004.pdf> accessed April 16 2016; Nicholas Bequelin, Q&A with Michael Forsythe, ‘Why tensions are rising in Xinjiang and beyond’, The New York Times <http://sinosphere.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/05/02/q-a-nicholasbequelin-on-why-tensions-are-rising-in-xinjiang-and-beyond/> accessed April 15 2016; ‘VOA Interview with Uighur Professor Ilham Tohti in 2013’, China Change, posted January 15 2016 <https://chinachange.org/2016/01/15/voa-interview-with-uighur-professorilham-tohti-in-2013/> accessed April 16 2016; ‘China Offers Rewards for Beard Informants in Xinjiang’, China Digital Times, April 25 2014 <http://chinadigitaltimes.net/2014/04/china-offers-rewards-beard-informants-xinjiang/> accessed April 16 2016; Simon Denyer, ‘China orders Muslim shopkeepers to sell alcohol, cigarettes, to “weaken” Islam’, The Washington Post, May 5 2015 <www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/05/05/china-orders-muslimshopkeepers-to-sell-alcohol-cigarettes-to-weaken-islam/> accessed April 16 2016; Timothy Grose and James Leibold, ‘Why China is banning Islamic veils, and why it won’t work’, ChinaFile, February 4 2015 <www.chinafile.com/reporting-opinion/viewpoint/why-chinabanning-islamic-veils/> accessed April 16 2016; Joshua Hammer, ‘Demolishing Kashgar’s history’, Smithsonian Magazine, March 2010 <www.smithsonianmag.com/history/demolishing-kashgars-history7324895/?no-ist> accessed April 16 2016; Ilham Tohti, ‘My ideals and the career path I have chosen’, China Change, posted April 6 2014 <http://chinachange.org/2014/04/06/my-ideals-and-the-career-path-i-have-chosen/> accessed April 15 2016; Ilham Tohti, ‘Present-day ethnic problems in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region: overview and recommendations’, (trans) Cindy Carter, China Change, posted April 22 2015 <https://chinachange.org/2015/04/22/present-day-ethnic-problems-in-xinjiang-uighur-autonomous-region-overview-and-recommendations-1/> accessed April 15 2016; Andrew Jacobs, ‘At a factory, the spark for China’s violence’, The New York Times, July 15 2009 <www.nytimes.com/2009/07/16/world/asia/16china.html> accessed April 15 2016; Marc Julienne, Moritz Rudolf and Johannes Buckow, ‘The terrorist threat in China,’ The Diplomat, May 26 2015, <http://thediplomat.com/2015/05/the-terrorist-threat-in-china/> accessed April 15 2016; Dan Levin, ‘China remodels an ancient Silk Road city, and an ethnic rift widens’, The New York Times, March 5 2014, <www.nytimes.com/2014/03/06/world/asia/china-remodels-an-ancient-silk-road-city-and-an-ethnic-rift-widens.html/> accessed April 15 2016; James A. Millward, ‘China’s fruitless repression of the Uighurs’, The New York Times, September 28 2014 <www.nytimes.com/2014/09/29/opinion/chinas-fruitless-repressionof-the-uighurs.html?_r=1> accessed April 15 2016; Millward, Eurasian Crossroads; Sally Neighbour and Madeleine O’Dea, ‘Xinjiang’, Foreign Correspondent, ABC Television, October 18 1994; Madeleine O’Dea, ‘Songs from the Old Silk Road’, The Australian, August 18 2009; Tom Phillips, ‘“A brighter future beckons”: China tries to get Xinjiang to join the party’, The Guardian, October 9 2015, <www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/09/a-brighter-future-beckons-china-tries-to-getxinjiang-to-join-the-party> accessed April 16 2016; Emily Rauhala, ‘China now says almost 100 were killed in Xinjiang violence’, Time, August 4 2014 <http://time.com/3078381/china-xinjiang-violenceshache-yarkand/> accessed April 16 2016; ‘Settlers in Xinjiang, Circling the wagons’, The Economist, May 25 2013 <www.economist.com/news/china/21578433-region-plagued-ethnic-strife-growth-immigrant-dominated-settlements-adding> accessed April 16 2016; ‘Ethnic unrest in Xinjiang, Unveiled threats. More outbreaks of violence show the government’s policies are not working’, The Economist, July 6 2013 <www.economist.com/news/china/21580491-moreoutbreaks-violence-show-governments-policies-are-not-working-unveiled-threats> accessed April
16 2016; ‘China’s restless West—the burden of empire’, The Economist, March 8 2014 <www.economist.com/news/leaders/21598647-after-brutal-attack-china-communist-party-needs-change-its-policies-towards> accessed April 16 2016; ‘China’s Xinjiang problem—the net is cast’, The Economist, July 1 2014 <www.economist.com/blogs/analects/2014/07/chinas-xinjiangproblem?fsrc=scn/tw_ec/the_net_is_cast> accessed April 16 2016; Edward Wong, ‘China locks down restive region after deadly slashes’, The New York Times, July 6 2009 <www.nytimes.com/2009/07/07/world/asia/07china.html> accessed April 15 2016; Edward Wong, ‘China sentences Uighur scholar to life’, The New York Times, September 23 2014 <www.nytimes.com/2014/09/24/world/asia/chinacourt-sentences-uighur-scholar-to-life-in-separatism-case.html> accessed April 15 2016.
Xi Jinping
‘Leaked speech shows Xi Jinping’s opposition to reform’, China Digital Times, January 27 2013 <http://chinadigitaltimes.net/2013/01/leaked-speech-shows-xi-jinpings-opposition-to-reform/> accessed April 16 2016; John Kennedy, ‘Xi Jinping’s opposition to political reforms laid out in leaked internal speech’, South China Morning Post, January 28 2013 <www.scmp.com/comment/blogs/article/1137727/xi-jinpings-opposition-political-reforms-laid-out-leaked-internal> accessed April 16 2016; Evan Osnos, ‘Born Red’, The New Yorker, April 6 2015 <www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/04/06/bornred> accessed April 16 2016.
Xu Zhiyong
‘Who is Xu Zhiyong? An interview with Dr Teng Biao’, China Change, April 10 2014 <http://chinachange.org/2014/04/10/who-is-xuzhiyong/> accessed April 16 2016; Xu Zhiyong, ‘For freedom, justice and love: my closing statement to the court’, China Change, January 22 2014 <http://chinachange.org/2014/01/23/for-freedom-justice-and-love-my-closing-statement-to-the-court/> accessed April 16 2016.
Document 9
Chris Buckley, ‘China takes aim at Western ideas’, The New York Times, August 19 2013 <www.nytimes.com/2013/08/20/world/asia/chinas-newleadership-takes-hard-line-in-secret-memo.html> accessed April 16 2016; ‘Document 9: a ChinaFile translation’, ChinaFile, November 8 2013 <www.chinafile.com/document-9-chinafile-translation> accessed 16 April 2016.
CHAPTER ELEVEN
THE PEOPLE AND THE REPUBLIC
July 9 2015 crackdown on rights lawyers
Chinese Human Rights Defenders is maintaining a running tally on those affected by the crackdown. This can be accessed at <http://chrdnet.com/2015/07/individuals-affected-by-july-10-crackdownon-rights-lawyers/> accessed April 16 2016; Tom Phillips, ‘The day Zhao Wei disappeared: how a young law graduate was caught in China’s human rights dragnet’, The Guardian, January 25 2016 <www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/25/zhao-wei-mothers-search-fordaughter-caught-china-human-rights> accessed April 16 2016.
Xi Jinping’s speech on art
Patrick Boehler and Vanessa Piao, ‘Xi Jinping’s speech on the arts is released, one year later’, The New York Times, October 15 2015 <http://sinosphere.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/10/15/xi-jinping-speech-artsculture/> accessed April 16 2016.
Social issues and rural and urban unrest
Chris Buckley, ‘Studies point to inequalities that could strain Chinese society’, The New York Times, January 27 2016 <www.nytimes.com/2016/01/28/world/asia/china-wealth-social-gap.html> accessed April 16 2016; ‘China Labour Bulletin in Hong Kong tracks strikes and other worker actions in China’ <www.clb.org.hk/> accessed April 16 2016; Javier C. Hernandez, ‘Labor protests multiply in China as economy slows, worrying leaders’, The New York Times, March 14 2016 <www.nytimes.com/2016/03/15/world/asia/china-labor-strikeprotest.html> accessed April 16 2016; Brendan O’Reilly, ‘Diverse reasons behind growth in China’s “mass incidents”’, China Outlook, May 13 2014 <http://chinaoutlook.com/diverse-reasons-behind-growth-in-mass-incidents/> accessed April 16 2016.
INDEX
Adie, Kate 145
Afghanistan 8, 72, 81
agriculture
collective farming/communes 1, 20, 77, 97, 174
development threats 209
Great Leap Forward see Great Leap Forward
land ownership 208–9, 294
private farming 20, 72, 77–8, 98
Ai Weiwei 223, 276, 299
Amannisa Khan 262
Amdo 84
Amnesty International 188, 261, 266
Angremy, Berenice 234
Anhui province 20, 27, 72, 76, 77, 126, 174, 180, 190, 198, 210
Aniwar Mamat 80, 81–2, 89–92, 137, 196–7, 238–40, 258, 286–7, 299
Anti-rightist campaign 41, 52
Anti-spiritual pollution campaign 7, 33, 83–4, 88, 98, 105, 117, 186
April Fifth Forum 47, 49, 58, 59, 67, 305
‘April 5th movement’ 42
art
Chinese official 4, 29
Chinese traditional 85
contemporary see Chinese contemporary art/artists realism 100
Western 21, 28, 66, 67, 85, 93, 100, 155, 213
Asian Development Bank 123
Askar 217, 258, 263, 264, 265–6
‘Tears of Kashgar’ 265
Aung San Suu Kyi 288
Australia 71, 125–6, 169, 194, 195, 200, 214, 229, 263, 279
Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) 168, 190
Foreign Correspondent 168, 171–7, 179
The Australian 263
The Australian Financial Review 2
Australian National University 72
Baiyangdian Lake 34, 36
Bao Tong 197
Bei Dao 21, 22, 25, 29, 31, 33, 34–6, 37, 41, 42, 48, 59, 83, 95, 100, 113, 291, 300
‘The Answer’ 33, 150
Beihai (North Lake) Park 22, 57, 65
Beijing 2, 3, 10, 13–14, 21, 27, 28, 31, 35, 47, 53, 54, 71, 79, 82, 84–7, 96, 99, 108–9, 124, 130–1, 185, 200–7, 213–15, 236, 291, 293
Australian Embassy 278, 279
Chang’an Avenue (the Avenue of Eternal Peace) 5, 14, 24, 25, 31, 53, 59, 96, 106, 137, 138, 141–2, 146, 148, 149, 179, 254
Courtyard Gallery 197
Daxin detention centre 278–9
Eternal Peace Shopping Centre 205–6
February 7th Theatre 205
Fragrant Hills 55, 95, 106
Friendship Hotel 2, 3–4, 14, 100, 106, 204
Friendship Store 2
Fuxing Hospital 140
Gongzhufen 138–9
hutongs 5, 13, 15, 125, 141, 148, 169, 217, 254, 290–1
Minzu Hotel 5
Muxidi 137, 139–41, 254
neighbourhood communities 5
Old Summer Palace 31, 53, 55–6, 82, 95–6, 104, 160–1, 192, 193, 194, 241, 290
smog 281–2
Three Guizhou Men restaurant 215
Weigongcun 257
Xuanwumen neighbourhood 5
Beijing Artists Association 51, 52, 57, 82, 83
Beijing Beer 3, 6, 56
Beijing Hotel 146
Beijing Intermediate Court 60–1
Beijing No. 3 Leather Products Factory 16, 21
Beijing Olympics 220–21, 223, 225–6, 230, 269
Beijing Philharmonic Orchestra 93
Beijing Workers Stadium 93
Beijing Working People’s Cultural Palace 48
Beijing Zoo 25, 97
the Beijinger 231
Bequelin, Nicholas 266
Berlin Wall 151
Bo Yang 4
‘The Ugly Chinaman’ 4
‘bourgeois liberalisation’ 104–5, 117
Britain 170
Brook, Timothy 145
Buddhism 81, 86, 167, 212, 230, 231
thangka painting 212, 213, 287–8
Bukhara 262
Byrnes, David 4
Cambodia 45–6
Cao Fei 154–6, 177, 185–7, 189–90, 235–6, 241, 281–2, 283, 291–2, 300
Haze and Fog 282
Imbalance 186
RMB City 235–6
Second Life online world 235–6
Whose Utopia? 189–90, 236
Carter, President Jimmy 42, 44–5
Central Academy of Fine Arts 48, 56, 132, 202
Chai Ling 130, 143, 160, 300
Chang, Johnson 162, 163, 164
Changzhou 241
Farewell My Concubine 36, 169
Yellow Earth 36
Chengdu 199, 222, 223, 288
China see People’s Republic of China
China Artists Association 56, 216
China Central Television (CCTV) 111
River Elegy 111, 115, 147
China Daily 96
China Newsweek 276
China Radio International (CRI) 203–4, 206, 216, 218, 230, 233
CRI English Online 218
China Reconstructs 2
ChinaFile 272
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences 180–1
Chinese Civil War 39, 251
Nationalist forces 39, 64, 246, 251
Chinese contemporary art/artists 4, 6, 11–13, 15–16, 37, 48–50, 64–5, 80–94, 113–16, 115, 161–7, 166, 193–7, 211, 232–43, 275–80, 282–91, 298
art districts 201–3
art installations 90–2
artists’ village (Old Summer Palace) 161, 192, 193, 194
Big Business 114
‘China/Avant-Garde’ exhibition 114–16, 161, 163
‘China’s New Art, Post-1989’ exhibition 161–3, 169
‘cynical realism’ 162
exhibitions 11, 23, 51–7, 60, 65–6, 82, 83, 114–16, 161–2, 185, 232, 240
films see films
first gallery of 162
‘Freedom’ 243
freedom of speech activities 29–33, 42–3, 58–60
global financial crisis (GFC), effect 230
movements 162–3
music see music
‘Music to my Eyes’ exhibition 240
nude modelling 90
performance art 99–101, 193–4
photography 211–12, 213
poetry/poets see poetry
‘political pop’ 162–3
return from Chinese diaspora 210–16
798 district 201–3, 215, 216, 233–5, 243, 282, 290
the Stars 13, 51–60, 65–7, 82, 114, 202, 230, 231, 298
Western art market 203
‘wounded romantic spirit’ 163