8 “The one course”: Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War, p. 223.
9 “a fog of”: Childs, I Write from Washington, p. 217.
10 “I feel very”: Stimson diary, April 9, 1941, FDRPL.
11 “were hanging on”: Olson, Citizens of London, p. xiv.
12 “the happy time”: Snow, Measureless Peril, p. 105.
13 “very distressing”: Olson, Citizens of London, p. 5.
14 “even now”: Ibid., p. 6.
15 “a disaster of”: Ibid., p. 85.
16 “discouragement and”: Ibid., p. 86.
17 “I feel that”: Ibid.
18 “The situation is”: Steele, Propaganda, p. 114.
19 “He was loyal”: Biddle, In Brief Authority, pp. 184–85.
20 “comes awfully close”: Burns, Soldier of Freedom, p. 89.
21 “get convoying now”: Davis, FDR: The War President, p. 173.
22 “obviously fearful”: Ibid., p. 172.
23 “more forceful”: Burns, Soldier of Freedom, p. 91.
24 “their constituents”: Stimson diary, Jan. 19, 1941, FDRPL.
25 “the people were”: Stimson diary, April 25, 1941, FDRPL.
26 “are groping”: Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War, p. 456.
27 “I am waiting”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 589.
28 “America”: Kennedy, Freedom from Fear, p. 368.
29 “a declaration of”: Saul Friedlander, Prelude to Downfall: Hitler and the United States, 1939–1941 (New York: Knopf, 1967), p. 175.
30 “The American people”: Perret, Days of Sadness, p. 79.
31 “I am not”: Stimson and Bundy, On Active Service, p. 370.
32 “We are in”: Life, May 5, 1941.
33 “It is a”: Life, May 19, 1941.
34 “We … want”: Ibid.
35 “people are asking”: Stimson diary, May 9, 1941, FDRPL.
36 “I do know”: Ickes, Secret Diary, p. 511.
37 “absolutely hopeless”: Ibid., p. 497.
38 “if I could”: Ibid., p. 511.
39 “I cautioned him”: Stimson diary, April 22, 1941, FDRPL.
40 “constitutional aversion”: Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War, p. 696.
41 “does nothing”: Stimson diary, May 27, 1941, FDRPL.
42 “fascist”: Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994), p. 174.
43 “I do not”: Cray, General of the Army, p. 153.
44 “It would be”: Clifford and Spencer, First Peacetime Draft, p. 246.
45 “realized that American”: Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer Reports!, p. 69.
46 “see if there”: Murray Green unpublished manuscript, Green papers, AFA.
47 “a too narrow”: Grenville Clark to Henry Stimson, Dec. 23, 1940, Sherwood papers, HL.
48 “less historical sense”: Ronald Schaffer, “General Stanley D. Embick: Military Dissenter,” Military Affairs, 1973.
49 “highly desirable”: Mark Watson, Chief of Staff: Prewar Plans and Preparations (Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, 1991), p. 389.
50 “It is important”: Ibid., p. 390.
51 “wrong from”: Ibid.
52 “if the current”: Ronald Schaffer, “General Stanley D. Embick: Military Dissenter,” Military Affairs, 1973.
53 “a vainglorious fool”: Leonard Mosley, Marshall: Hero For Our Time (New York: Hearst, 1982), p. 153.
54 “in a choice position”: Mosley, Lindbergh, p. 417.
55 “could see any”: Bendersky, “Jewish Threat,” p. 284.
56 “made it about”: Stimson diary, April 14, 1941, FDRPL.
57 “a dangerous statement”: Ibid.
58 “the success of”: Ibid.
59 “couldn’t stand it”: Stimson diary, April 17, 1941, FDRPL.
60 “the attitude”: Castle diary, Sept. 20, 1941, Castle papers, HL.
61 “practically all the”: Castle diary, Dec. 18, 1940, Castle papers, HL.
62 “great alarm”: John Franklin Carter report to FDR, July 11, 1941, President’s Secretary’s File, FDRPL.
63 “was very much disturbed”: Olson, Citizens of London, p. 68.
64 “how he had”: Stimson diary, June 20, 1941, FDRPL.
65 “Some of the”: Stimson diary, Dec. 17, 1940, FDRPL.
66 “apathy, confusion”: Steele, Propaganda, p. 116.
67 “looking to you”: Stimson to FDR, May 24, 1941, FDRPL.
68 “Hasn’t somebody”: Samuel and Dorothy Rosenman, Presidential Style, p. 384.
69 “You know”: Ibid.
70 “strangle”: Davis, FDR: The War President, p. 186.
71 “almost like”: Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 298.
72 “ninety-five”: Ibid.
73 “a solemn commitment”: Ibid.
74 “a mighty blow”: Davis, FDR: The War President, p. 188.
75 “at the present”: Ibid.
76 “On your marks”: Life, June 16, 1941.
77 “We want you”: Life, June 2, 1941.
78 “They seem to”: Ibid.
79 “to the last”: Life, April 14, 1941.
80 “It is impossible”: Olson, Citizens of London, p. 91.
81 “The whole thing”: Ibid., p. 87.
CHAPTER 20: “A TRAITOROUS POINT OF VIEW”
1 “to get really”: Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 265.
2 “scathing and vindictive”: Ibid., p. 266.
3 “If 1940 was”: Cuneo unpublished autobiography, Cuneo papers, FDRPL.
4 “Your government has”: Steele, Propaganda, p. 117.
5 “unwittingly in most”: Davis, FDR: The War President, p. 83.
6 “What the president”: Richard W. Steele, “Franklin D. Roosevelt and His Foreign Policy Critics,” Political Science Quarterly, Spring 1979.
7 “Theoretically, freedom”: Cole, Roosevelt and the Isolationists, p. 418.
8 “He has emerged”: Cole, Lindbergh, p. 120.
9 “because he had”: Davis, Hero, p. 400.
10 “By holding”: Ibid., p. 403.
11 “a bootlicker of”: Brown, Ordeal of a Playwright, p. 97.
12 “simply a Nazi”: Cole, Lindbergh, p. 147.
13 “a genius for”: Biddle, In Brief Authority, p. 179.
14 “native fascist”: Ickes speech, Dec. 17, 1940, Ickes papers, LC.
15 “the quislings”: Ickes speech, Feb. 25, 1941, Ickes papers, LC.
16 “No. 1 Nazi”: Cole, Lindbergh, p. 130.
17 “There are men”: Berg, Lindbergh, p. 407.
18 “a ruthless and conscious fascist”: Ickes to FDR, Steve Early papers, FDRPL.
19 “violent speeches”: Davis, Hero, p. 403.
20 “You say that”: Charleston Evening Post, May 26, 1941.
21 “a maggot”: Charles Wolfert, letters to the editor, New York Times, June 5, 1940.
22 “There is nothing”: Roger Butterfield, “Lindbergh,” Life, Aug. 11, 1941.
23 “There has been”: Steele, Propaganda, p. 191.
24 “the administration will”: Neal, Dark Horse, p. 212.
25 “Let’s not boo”: Ibid.
26 “the future welfare”: Ross, Last Hero, p. 319.
27 “What luck”: Charles Lindbergh, Wartime Journals, p. 478.
28 “I take this”: Davis, Hero, p. 404.
29 “this new”: Washington Times-Herald, April 30, 1941.
30 “returning his”: New York Times, April 30, 1941.
31 “had just left the”: Washington Times-Herald, April 30, 1941.
32 “No evidence existed”: New York Times, April 29, 1941.
33 “left a bad”: Life, May 12, 1941.
34 “doesn’t exist today”: Roger Butterfield, “Lindbergh,” Life, Aug. 11, 1941.
35 “government by subterfuge”: Cole, Lindbergh, p. 189.
36 “just about as”: Ibid.
37 “new policies”: Ibid.
38
“Neither I nor”: Ibid., p. 190.
39 “Individuals on both”: Cole, Lindbergh, pp. 140–41.
40 “filthy, profane”: Olive Clapper, Washington Tapestry (New York: McGraw Hill, 1946), p. 250.
41 “fat old men”: Joseph Gies, The Colonel of Chicago (New York: Dutton, 1979), p. 170.
42 “Jew-haters”: Kabaservice, Guardians, pp. 80–81.
43 “enemies of Democracy”: Richard H. Minear, Dr. Seuss Goes to War: The World War II Editorial Cartoons of Theodor Seuss Geisel (New York: New Press, 1999), p. 14.
44 LINDBERGH FOR: Ibid., p. 20.
45 “I’m saving my”: Ibid., p. 21.
46 “… and the wolf”: Ibid.
47 “devastated by bombing”: Perret, Days of Sadness, p. 159.
48 “Hang Roosevelt!”: Isabel Leighton, The Aspirin Age: 1919–1941 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1949), p. 211.
49 “Lindbergh became”: Perret, Days of Sadness, p. 159.
51 “has given me”: White to Arthur Sulzberger, Dec. 10, 1941, White papers, LC.
52 “However you and”: Davis, FDR: The War President, p. 87.
53 “the lifeline between”: Ibid.
54 “getting out”: Ibid.
55 “The only reason”: Ibid., p. 88.
56 “The misunderstanding”: Clark Eichelberger to White, Dec. 26, 1940, White papers, LC.
57 “Mr. White has”: Cole, Lindbergh, pp. 137–38.
58 “doing a typical”: Ibid., p. 138.
59 “continue as”: Ibid.
60 “If anybody had”: Thomas Lamont to FDR, Jan. 3, 1941, President’s Official File, FDRPL.
61 “and there is”: Perret, Days of Sadness, p. 155.
62 “Whatever is needed”: William M. Tuttle Jr., “Aid-to-the-Allies Short-of-War vs. American Intervention, 1940: A Reappraisal of William Allen White’s Leadership,” Journal of American History, March 1970.
63 “in the immoral”: Paton-Walsh, Our War Too, pp. 154–55.
64 “the first fascist”: Justus Doenecke, In Danger Undaunted: The Anti-Interventionist Movement of 1940–1941 as Revealed in the Papers of the America First Committee (Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1990), p. 389.
65 “instead of”: Cole, Lindbergh, p. 150.
66 “Mr. Fish”: Marilyn Kaytor, “21”: The Life and Times of New York’s Favorite Club (New York: Viking, 1975), p. 96.
67 “a Nazi front”: Cole, Lindbergh, p. 140.
68 “a publicity campaign”: Ibid., p. 151.
69 “a very real”: Ibid.
70 “A new hysterical”: Life, Sept. 29, 1941.
71 “Too many pros”: Mosley, Lindbergh, p. 306.
72 “bitterness, suspicion”: Berg, Lindbergh, pp. 424–25.
73 “I am sick”: Anne Lindbergh, War Within and Without, p. 210.
74 “a perfect base”: Herrmann, Anne Morrow Lindbergh, p. 259.
75 “Most of us”: Ibid.
76 “friendly”: Charles Lindbergh, Wartime Journals, p. 515.
77 “also had us”: William C. Sullivan, The Bureau: My Thirty Years in Hoover’s FBI (New York: Norton, 1979), p. 37.
78 “I do not”: Steele, Free Speech in the Good War, p. 93.
79 “many radical”: Goldstein, Political Repression, p. 243.
80 “has been one”: Ibid.
81 “Martin Dies”: Ibid., pp. 243–44.
82 “The Dies Committee”: Robert Griffith, The Politics of Fear: Joseph R. McCarthy and the Senate (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1970), p. 32.
83 “political organization”: Goldstein, Political Repression, p. 262.
CHAPTER 21: “DER FÜHRER THANKS YOU FOR YOUR LOYALTY”
1 “Der Führer”: British Security Coordination, p. 71.
2 “When it came”: Neal Gabler, Winchell: Gossip, Power, and the Culture of Celebrity (New York: Knopf, 1995), p. 295.
3 “were giving aid”: Arnold Forster, Square One: A Memoir (New York: Donald I. Fine, 1988), p. 57.
4 “The best thing”: Cole, America First, p. 121.
5 “should not be”: Ibid.
6 “It almost seemed”: British Security Coordination, p. 76.
7 “used”: Cole, Roosevelt and the Isolationists, p. 473.
8 “Members of Congress”: Ibid.
9 “smear”: Ibid.
10 “ever-widening”: Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918–45, Series D, Vol. 11 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 337.
11 “the government of”: Ibid., pp. 409–10.
12 “activities incompatible”: Friedlander, Prelude to Downfall, p. 243.
13 “dilemma in which”: Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918–45, Series D, Vol. 12 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office), pp. 1035–36.
14 “Despite these new”: Friedlander, Prelude to Downfall, p. 244.
15 “I cannot warn”: Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918–45, Series D, Vol. 9 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 399.
16 “these activities”: Ibid., p. 411.
17 “compelling military”: Friedlander, Prelude to Downfall, p. 103.
18 “marked by naivete”: Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918–45, Series D, Vol. 13 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 99.
19 “Most, and probably”: Ibid., p. 98.
20 “today relies”: Persico, Roosevelt’s Secret War, p. 43.
21 “the Nazis never”: Jackson, That Man, p. 73.
22 “a regular flow”: Macdonald, True Intrepid, p. 78.
23 “Bill Stephenson”: Ibid., p. 82.
24 “A most secret”: Ibid., p. 68.
25 “half truths”: Berle diary, Sept. 13, 1939, Berle papers, FDRPL.
26 “a full size”: Cull, Selling War, p. 145.
27 “get the dirt”: Macdonald, True Intrepid, p. 93.
CHAPTER 22: “WHERE IS THIS CRISIS?”
1 “Where is this”: Maj. Stephen D. Wesbrook, “The Railey Report and Army Morale 1941,” Military Review, June 1980.
2 “As far as”: Life, Aug. 18, 1941.
3 “gave the country”: Biddle, In Brief Authority, p. 186.
4 “not merely falling”: Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, p. 157.
5 “the people at”: Maj. Stephen D. Wesbrook, “The Railey Report and Army Morale 1941,” Military Review, June 1980.
6 “Tonight I feel”: Stimson diary, July 2, 1941, FDRPL.
7 “We can”: Michael Leigh, Mobilizing Consent: Public Opinion and American Foreign Policy, 1937–1947 (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1976), p. 73.
8 “Since all of”: Hadley Cantril to Anna Rosenberg, May 1941, President’s Secretary’s File, FDRPL.
9 “failed to indicate”: Hadley Cantril to Anna Rosenberg, July 3, 1941, President’s Secretary’s File, FDRPL.
10 “I have tried”: Leigh, Mobilizing Consent, p. 72.
11 “the best way”: J. Garry Clifford, “Both Ends of the Telescope: New Perspectives on FDR and American Entry into World War II,” Diplomatic History, Spring 1989.
12 “WHAT THE PEOPLE”: Leigh, Mobilizing Consent, p. 73.
13 “the facts of life”: Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War, p. 444.
14 “could have gone”: Jackson, That Man, p. 41.
15 “this was no”: Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt, p. 280.
16 “His perpetual”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 603.
17 “For the first”: Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War, p. 539.
18 “would almost”: Ibid., p. 538.
19 “would a hundred”: Cole, Roosevelt and the Isolationists, p. 435.
20 “If we see”: David McCullough, Truman (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992), p. 262.
21 “a naval or”: Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War, p. 557.
22 “vitriolic outburst”: Ibid., p. 578.
23 “The people voting”: Life, Aug. 4, 1941.
24 “in carrying on”: Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918–45, Series D, Vol. 13 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 103.
25 “which basically obligate”: Ibid.
26 “It is absolutely essential”: Friedlander, Prelude to Downfall, p. 258.
27 “most anxious to”: Ibid.
28 “hostile forces”: Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War, p. 579.
29 “the whole thing”: B. Mitchell Simpson, Admiral Harold R. Stark: Architect of Victory (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1989), p. 89.
30 “Ours is still”: Life, Sept. 29, 1941.
31 “We are deceiving”: Olson, Citizens of London, p. 115.
32 “As things stand”: Stacy Schiff, Saint-Exupéry: A Biography (New York: Knopf, 1995), p. 358.
33 “We are advertising”: Burns, Soldier of Freedom, p. 119.
34 “1941 will go”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 626.
35 “such an emergency”: Life, July 28, 1941.
36 “do not want”: Life, Aug. 18, 1941.
37 “The boys here”: Ibid.
38 “To hell with”: Ibid.
39 “an undisciplined mob”: Maj. Stephen D. Wesbrook, “The Railey Report and Army Morale 1941,” Military Review, June 1980.
40 “more than 90”: Ibid.
41 “the government isn’t”: Ibid.
42 “in the public”: Ibid.
43 “I, for one”: Ibid.
44 “We have been”: Stimson diary, Sept. 15, 1941, FDRPL.
45 “The whole thing”: James Wadsworth, Oral History Collection, CU.
46 “I cannot for”: Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, p. 151.
47 “would be the”: Marshall interview with Forrest Pogue, Marshall papers, Marshall Foundation, www.marshallfoundation.org/library/pogue.html.
48 “We cannot have”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 645.
49 “infinitely greater today”: Davis, FDR, The War President, p. 252.
50 “The current”: Stimson diary, July 21, 1941, FDRPL.
51 “I suggest personally”: Cole, Roosevelt and the Isolationists, p. 437.
52 “to be the”: Stimson diary, Aug. 7, 1941, FDRPL.
53 “cowards”: Ibid.
54 “was an expert”: Caro, Path to Power, p. 323.
55 “literally afraid”: Ibid, p. 330.
56 “one of us”: D. B. Hardeman and Donald C. Bacon, Rayburn: A Biography (Austin: Texas Monthly Press, 1987), p. 233.
57 “the President didn’t”: Caro, Path to Power, p. 596.