36 “Did you know”: Ibid., p. xx.
37 “The Tribune hammers”: Life, Dec. 1, 1941.
38 “Condescension shot”: Richard Norton Smith, Colonel, p. 53.
39 “the backbone”: Fortune memo, July 22, 1941, President’s Secretary’s File, FDRPL.
40 “a well-organized”: “Follow What Leader?,” Time, Oct. 6, 1941.
41 “were the most”: Allen, Only Yesterday, p. 156.
42 “Several of our”: Howard B. Schaffer, Chester Bowles: New Dealer in the Cold War (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993), p. 28.
43 “As a matter”: Gerald Ford to Robert Douglas Stuart, June 1940, America First Committee papers, HI.
44 “Alice has”: White Committee report on America First, William Allen White papers, LC.
45 “Fuehrer, Duce, Roosevelt”: Stacy A. Cordery, Alice: Alice Roosevelt Longworth: From White House Princess to Washington Power Broker (New York: Viking, 2007), p. 394.
46 “always felt that”: Ward, A First-Class Temperament, p. 532.
47 “the smear campaign”: Cole, Lindbergh, p. 120.
48 “decent, honest”: Mosley, Lindbergh, p. 278.
49 “American as”: Sarles, Story of America First, p. 1.
50 “Because it was”: Ibid., p. 40.
51 “a typical hodgepodge”: Life, Dec. 1, 1941.
52 “There is no”: Sarles, Story of America First, pp. 50–51.
53 “probably did more”: Neil Baldwin, Henry Ford and the Jews: The Mass Production of Hate (New York: Public Affairs, 2001), p. 145.
54 “great service”: Ibid.
55 “We look to”: Ibid.
56 “I am now”: Sarles, Story of America First, p. 50.
57 “beneath the generally”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 108.
58 “an unbelievably”: Sevareid, Not So Wild, pp. 69–70.
59 “banish all isms”: Life, Sept. 8, 1941.
60 “We must ignore”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 113.
61 “We’re just”: Life, Sept. 8, 1941.
62 “anti-Christian conspiracy”: Ibid.
63 “When we get through”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 124.
64 “None of us”: William L. Shirer, Berlin Diary: The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent, 1931–1941 (New York: Knopf, 1941), p. 213.
65 “The German green”: Mark Stevens, “Form Follows Fascism,” New York Times, Jan. 31, 2005.
66 “organized campaign”: “Marauding Youth and the Christian Front: Anti-Semitic Violence in Boston and New York During World War II,” American Jewish History, June 1, 2003.
67 “a menace”: Sarles, Story of America First, p. 43.
68 “wriggled”: Ibid., p. 39.
69 “a Nazi transmission belt”: Kabaservice, Guardians, p. 81.
70 “first fascist party”: Ibid.
CHAPTER 16: “THE BUBONIC PLAGUE AMONG WRITERS”
1 “the attack launched”: Berg, Lindbergh, p. 409.
2 “he never ‘gets personal’ ”: Omaha Morning World Herald editorial, Friday, July 18, 1941, President’s Official File, FDRPL.
3 “very angry”: Anne Lindbergh, War Within and Without, p. 136.
4 “innocence of politics”: Ibid., p. xxi.
5 “because of … my”: Ibid., p. 143.
6 “The arguments of”: Ibid.
7 “They are”: Ibid., p. 131.
8 “When you hear”: Ibid.
9 “a moral argument”: Ibid., p. 143.
10 “torn as she”: Berg, Lindbergh, p. 406.
11 “not fully”: Roger Butterfield, “Lindbergh,” Life, Aug. 11, 1941.
12 “wave of the”: Anne Morrow Lindbergh, The Wave of the Future: A Confession of Faith (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1940), p. 34.
13 “I keep feeling”: Anne Lindbergh, Flower and the Nettle, p. 101.
14 “scum on the wave”: Anne Lindbergh, Wave of the Future, p. 19.
15 “blindness, selfishness”: Ibid., pp. 11–12.
16 “climbing down”: Ibid., p. 29.
17 “There is no”: Ibid., p. 34.
18 “It will be”: Anne Lindbergh, War Within and Without, p. 143.
19 “gave me back”: Ibid., p. 145.
20 “should be put”: Berg, Lindbergh, p. 406.
21 “I couldn’t make”: Herrmann, Anne Morrow Lindbergh, pp. 243–44.
22 “the Bible”: Berg, Lindbergh, p. 407.
23 “poisonous little”: Schlesinger, A Life in the Twentieth Century, p. 242.
24 “I never said”: Anne Lindbergh, War Within and Without, p. 170.
25 “scum on the”: Anne Morrow Lindbergh, “Reaffirmation,” The Atlantic Monthly, June 1941.
26 “Will I have”: Anne Lindbergh, War Within and Without, p. 359.
27 “My marriage”: Ibid., p. 148.
28 “Perhaps I am”: Ibid., p. 171.
29 “After all”: Ibid., p. 172.
30 “not because I”: Ibid., p. 23.
31 “summer lightning”: Berg, Lindbergh, p. 392.
32 “the bubonic plague”: Anne Lindbergh, War Within and Without, p. 161.
33 “I [will] have”: Roger Butterfield, “Lindbergh,” Life, Aug. 11, 1941.
34 “he who spreads”: New York Times, April 27, 1941.
35 “I just can’t”: Roger Butterfield, “Lindbergh,” Life, Aug. 11, 1941.
36 “really smart”: New York Times, Nov. 29, 1940.
37 “Colonel Lindbergh”: Berg, Lindbergh, p. 407.
38 “can still talk”: Anne Lindbergh, War Within and Without, p. 105.
39 “arguing, debating”: Wheeler-Bennett, Special Relationships, p. 130.
40 “Nothing that Aubrey”: Ibid., p. 131.
41 “Your father never”: Reeve Lindbergh, Under a Wing, p. 146.
42 “eternal refutation”: Roger Butterfield, “Lindbergh,” Life, Aug. 11, 1941.
43 “How can such”: Mosley, Lindbergh, pp. 280–81.
44 “Dear Nazi Lindbergh”: Cole, Lindbergh, p. 147.
45 “There is nothing”: Omaha Morning World Herald editorial, Friday, July 18, 1941, President’s Official File, FDRPL.
46 “your personal opposition”: Cole, Lindbergh, p. 145.
47 “doing great damage”: Ibid.
48 “He does not”: Castle diary, Aug. 12, 1940, Castle papers, HL.
49 “a tragedy to”: Cole, Lindbergh, p. 85.
50 “have become as”: Roger Butterfield, “Lindbergh,” Life, Aug. 11, 1941.
CHAPTER 17: “A NATIONAL DISGRACE”
1 “exceedingly dirty”: Culver and Hyde, American Dreamer, p. 242.
2 “a national disgrace”: Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 187.
3 “a disgraceful slugging”: Davenport, Too Strong for Fantasy, p. 235.
4 “We let what”: Neal, Dark Horse, p. 132.
5 “a fountain of”: Davenport, Too Strong for Fantasy, p. 230.
6 “Seldom has there”: Raymond Clapper, Watching the World: 1934–1944 (New York: McGraw Hill, 1944), p. 160.
7 “The time has”: Unsigned memo, Harry Hopkins papers, FDRPL.
8 “Willkie is distinctly”: Ickes, Secret Diary, p. 212.
9 “was convinced that”: Culver and Hyde, American Dreamer, p. 213.
10 “The Republican candidate”: Ibid., p. 237.
11 “imply that the”: Ibid., p. 235.
12 WILLKIE IS: Life, Nov. 11, 1940.
13 NAZIS PREFER: Culver and Hyde, American Dreamer, p. 235.
14 “We are under”: Neal, Dark Horse, p. 162.
15 “a serious mistake”: Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover, p. 227.
16 “Nigger, don’t”: Neal, Dark Horse, p. 163.
17 “You can’t do”: Ibid.
18 “the most scurrilous”: Ibid.
19 “found himself”: Ibid.
20 “reprehensible”: Ibid., p. 164.
21 “a drift toward”: Ibid., p. 159.
22 “By the time”: Ibid., p. 160.
23
“had encouraged the”: Culver and Hyde, American Dreamer, p. 237.
24 “We can have”: Neal, Dark Horse, p. 159.
25 “already almost on”: Ibid.
26 “expediency”: Raymond Clapper, Watching the World, p. 161.
27 “told the truth”: Neal, Dark Horse, p. 160.
28 “The political leaders”: Samuel I. Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt (New York: Harper, 1952), p. 222.
29 “Galahad”: Culver and Hyde, American Dreamer, p. 135.
30 “Everybody knows about”: Neal, Dark Horse, p. 43.
31 “If people try”: Joseph E. Persico, Roosevelt’s Secret War: FDR and World War II Espionage (New York: Random House, 2001), p. 41.
32 “I am an”: Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt, p. 238.
33 “grim smile”: Ibid.
34 “I wish with”: Robert Sherwood to FDR, Jan. 25, 1940, Sherwood papers, HL.
35 “considered me”: Robert Sherwood to Felix Frankfurter, Jan. 24, 1948, Sherwood papers, HL.
36 “My poor boy”: Alonso, Robert E. Sherwood, p. 221.
37 “There is something”: Davis, FDR: Into the Storm, p. 623.
38 “certain forces”: Cole, Roosevelt and the Isolationists, p. 401.
39 “We will not”: Neal, Dark Horse, p. 167.
40 “I have said”: Ibid.
41 “terrible”: Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 191.
42 “in yielding”: Ibid., p. 201.
43 “You should have”: Paton-Walsh, Our War Too, pp. 117–18.
44 “to the hilt”: Kurth, American Cassandra, p. 321.
45 “to get this”: Ibid.
46 “Roosevelt must stay”: Ibid., p. 322.
47 “Nazi jubilation”: Paton-Walsh, Our War Too, p. 116.
48 “despised”: Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 201.
49 “Mike”: Michael F. Reilly, Reilly of the White House (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1947), p. 66.
50 “always ran scared”: Walter Trohan, Political Animals: Memoirs of a Sentimental Cynic (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1975), p. 83.
51 “the menace of Hitler”: Elson, Time, Inc., pp. 444–45.
52 “Roosevelt with his”: Perret, Days of Sadness, p. 53.
53 “a man on”: Ibid., p. 237.
54 “We have elected”: Neal, Dark Horse, pp. 181–82.
CHAPTER 18: “WELL, BOYS, BRITAIN’S BROKE”
1 “Not since”: Life, March 24, 1941.
2 “now, I feel”: Churchill, Their Finest Hour, p. 553.
3 “staggering shipping”: Peters, Five Days in Philadelphia, p. 179.
4 “the British would”: New York Times, Dec. 12, 1940.
5 “rather chilled”: Reynolds, Lord Lothian, p. 43.
6 “the political preoccupations”: William S. Langer and S. Everett Gleason, The Undeclared War: 1940–1941 (New York: Harper, 1953), p. 215.
7 “It really”: Geoffrey Parsons to William Allen White, Dec. 2, 1940, White papers, LC.
8 “the Great White”: William Allen White to Geoffrey Parsons, Dec. 5, 1940, White papers, LC.
9 “Like a leaderless”: Life, Dec. 16, 1940.
10 “War relief”: Life, Jan. 6, 1941.
11 “magic date”: Reynolds, Lord Lothian, p. 43.
12 “one of”: Churchill, Their Finest Hour, p. 558.
13 “a ruthless”: Reynolds, Lord Lothian, p. 45.
14 “the force of”: Ibid., p. 58.
15 “its existence”: Ibid., p. 47.
16 “one of the most”: Wheeler-Bennett, Special Relationships, p. 112.
17 “Well, boys”: Ibid.
18 “could scarcely”: Ibid.
19 “Oh, yes”: Ibid.
20 “Never was”: Ibid., p. 113.
21 “I do not think”: Reynolds, Lord Lothian, p. 50.
22 “By revealing”: Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War, p. 225.
23 “deal with the”: Reynolds, Lord Lothian, p. 55.
24 “powerful statement”: “Death of Lothian,” Time, Dec. 23, 1940.
25 “It is for you”: Wheeler-Bennett, Special Relationships, p. 114.
26 “valedictory to America”: Ibid.
27 “beyond measure”: Cable from Roosevelt to George VI, President’s Personal File, FDRPL.
28 “The moment approaches”: Churchill, Their Finest Hour, p. 566.
29 “Might it not”: Kenneth S. Davis, FDR: The War President, 1940–1943 (New York: Random House, 2000), p. 48.
30 “He had arrived”: “Death of Lothian,” Time, Dec. 23, 1940.
31 “I didn’t think”: Butler, Lord Lothian, p. 314.
32 “He was a”: Ibid., p. 316.
33 “loving care and”: “Death of Lothian,” Time, Dec. 23, 1940.
34 “Very softly and”: Eleanor Shepardson to Lothian sisters, Whitney Shepardson papers, FDRPL.
35 “When the news”: New York Times, Dec.13, 1940.
36 “It is no”: Ibid.
37 “graver blow to”: Ibid.
38 “one of our”: Butler, Lord Lothian, p. 318.
39 “I cannot help”: Reynolds, Lord Lothian, p. 60.
40 “Never before since”: Davis, FDR: The War President, pp. 82–83.
41 “If your neighbor’s”: Richard Snow, A Measureless Peril: America in the Fight for the Atlantic, The Longest Battle of World War II (New York: Scribner, 2010), p. 115.
42 “There is far”: Agar, Darkest Year, p. 164.
43 “If it is”: Wheeler, Yankee from the West, pp. 26–27.
44 “bunk”: Agar, Darkest Year, p. 156.
45 “Certainly not”: Ibid., p. 165.
46 “The opponents of”: Ibid.
47 “that this emergency”: Stimson diary, Dec. 14, 1940, FDRPL.
48 “The sooner we”: Agar, Darkest Year, p. 156.
49 “monstrous”: Paton-Walsh, Our War Too, p. 134.
50 “only answer to”: Wayne S. Cole, America First: The Battle Against Intervention, 1940–1941 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1953), p. 55.
51 “Wheeler fights”: Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918–45, Series D, Vol. 12 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 258.
53 “I must confess”: Wheeler, Yankee from the West, p. 27.
54 “the most untruthful”: Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 229.
55 “The opposition has”: Schneider, Should America Go to War?, p. 84.
56 “use all our”: Agar, Darkest Year, p. 165.
57 “great debate”: Andrew Johnstone, “Private Interest Groups and the Lend-Lease Debate,” 49th Parallel, Summer 2001.
58 “democracy in action”: Cole, Lindbergh, p. 103.
59 “the destruction of”: Davis, FDR: The War President, p. 99.
60 “the war dictatorship bill”: Ibid.
61 “playing Hitler’s game”: Schneider, Should America Go to War?, p. 85.
62 “Ashes of”: David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War (New York: Knopf, 1988), p. 30.
63 “Death is”: Paton-Walsh, Our War Too, p. 148.
64 “Down with the”: Ibid.
65 “a traitor to”: Ibid.
66 “a noisy disorder”: Ibid.
67 “I likewise believe”: Ibid.
68 “I want neither”: Davis, Hero, p. 398.
69 “complete victory”: Davis, FDR: The War President, p. 110.
70 “a vigorous”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, pp. 527–28.
71 “to work for”: Chadwin, War Hawks, p. 133.
72 “Under such dire”: Neal, Dark Horse, p. 187.
73 “if the Republican”: Davis, FDR: The War President, p. 100.
74 “Roosevelt is just”: Neal, Dark Horse, p. 189.
75 “Republican Quisling”: Richard Norton Smith, Colonel, p. 403.
76 “all the time”: Unsigned memo, President’s Secretary’s File, FDRPL.
77 “though if Howard”: Ibid.
; 78 “conspiring to get”: Raymond Clapper, Watching the World, p. 166.
79 “Out of the”: Neal, Dark Horse, p. 189.
80 “took an immediate”: Ibid., p. 191.
81 “incalculable services”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 579.
82 “I would have”: Neal, Dark Horse, p. 193.
83 VENI, VIDI, WILLKIE: Life, Feb. 17, 1941.
84 “been more stirring”: Neal, Dark Horse, p. 201.
85 “the last best”: Davis, FDR: The War President, p. 117.
86 “The people of”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 580.
87 “I struggled as”: Davis, FDR: The War President, p. 118.
88 “Whatever influence”: Neal, Dark Horse, p. 206.
89 “fight the war”: Sevareid, Not So Wild, p. 193.
90 “leafy, dreaming”: Ibid.
91 “physical revulsion”: Ibid., pp. 196–97.
92 “tobacco-chewing”: Ibid., p. 197.
93 “wear the aspect”: Olson, Citizens of London, p. 73.
94 “As far as”: Ibid., pp. 73–74.
95 “We were not”: Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, p. 261.
96 “Vote!”: Davis, FDR: The War President, p. 135.
97 “slapped him”: Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 355.
98 “We have taken”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 582.
99 “It is now”: Ibid.
100 “Whether we”: Kabaservice, Guardians, p. 83.
101 “The danger of”: Nigel Hamilton, JFK: Reckless Youth (New York: Random House, 1992), p. 392.
102 “True, in a sense”: Schneider, Should America Go to War?, p. 130.
103 “want to arouse”: Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918–45, Series D, Vol. 12 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 365.
104 “the most unsordid action”: Olson, Citizens of London, p. 11.
105 “Remember, Mr. President”: Ibid.
CHAPTER 19: “A RACE AGAINST TIME”
1 “Our democracy”: James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, 1940–1945 (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970), p. 51.
2 “was a fighting speech”: Raymond Clapper, Watching the World, p. 269.
3 “fiction that we can perform”: Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War, p. 437.
4 “a strange, prolonged”: Davis, FDR: The War President, p. 152.
5 “an exceedingly tired”: Ickes, Secret Diary, p. 459.
6 “a very slight”: Davis, FDR: Into the Storm, p. 584.
7 “What he’s suffering”: Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 293.