and Tuthmosis II 1, 65, 66, 80, 81, 83–6,96–7,
(and memory) 94, 117, 118–19;
and Tuthmosis III 113–15, 224,
(alleged feud) 80, 138, 216–27,
(regency) 1, 97–8, 113–14,
(shared reign) 114, 136, 210,224,
(Tuthmosis buries) 211,214,
(Tuthmosis’ proscription of memory) 216–26;
and warfare 29, 137–44,174
‘Hatchepsut Hole’, Deir el-Bahri 221
‘Hatchepsut Problem’ 77–80
Hathor (goddess) 172,173; Cusae temple 158;
cult at Djeser-Djeseru 165, 169, 171,172, 173, 174, 175;
Hatchepsut and cult of 76, 105, 171–3, 174, 175;
queens' association with 46, 172–3;
worship in Deir el-Medina 57
Hatnofer (Senenmut's mother) 99, 180, 182–3, 198
Hatnub quarries 39
Hayes, William C. 79, 99, 130,234
height, average 125
Heket (goddess) 101, 104
Heliopolis 29,215,228
Henketankh (temple) 127
Herit, princess 19
Her-Neith, queen 44
hieroglyphic writing 230, 231, 234
Hippolyta (Amazon) 140
historical background 15–42
Hittites 27, 36, 39, 68, 227
homosexuality 189–90
Horemheb, pharaoh 92, 107
Hormose (singer) 196
horses 21
Horus (god) 8, 58, 60, 136, 190; sons of 199
Howarth, Jesse 213
hunting 76, 77, 215
Hyksos 15, 18–21, 22–5, 135,235; Ahmose expels 24–5, 26, 141;
Hatchepsut and memory of 9, 157
image, power of; as substitute for person or thing represented 137, 142, 188, 194–5
Imhotep, vizier 116, 175–6
incense 145, 146, 147–8, 151; trees 148, 148, 152, 170–71
Ineni (court official) 71–2, 83, 116, 117, 119, 185–6; architect 71–2, 121, 159, 205
Inet see Sitre
Inhapi, tomb of 92–4
inheritance law 68
inscriptions, monumental 11, 12; see also defacement of monuments
Instructions in Wisdom 16
Intermediate Periods 6, 8, 235; First 34, 235;
Second 9, 15, 18–21, 58, 235;
Third 60, 212, 235
Ipuwer, Admonitions of 9
irrigation 7, 16
Isabella, queen of Spain 140
Isis (goddess) 46, 58, 69, 101, 199
Isis, queen 94, 224
Islam 223
isolation policy 21,27
Istabl Antar see Speos Artemidos
Itj–Tawy 15
Itruri 75
ivory 145, 147, 151
jewellery, Hatchepsut's 129
Joan of Arc 133–4, 140, 191
Josephus 13,230
jubilees 109–11, 161
Ka, royal 102, 103–4, 131
el-Kab 24–6, 49
Kadesh 36, 214–15
Kamose, pharaoh 20, 23–4, 55
Karnak temple complex 32, 34; Ahmose Nefertari and 61, 159;
Amen, great temple of 23–4, 30, 32, 162,163, 174, 188;
Amenhotep I's embellishment 71, 159, 162, 164;
Amenhotep III's building at 17;
demolition of earlier buildings 158–9, 221;
Chapelle Rouge see under its separate entry;
Hall of Annals 215, 220;
Hatchepsut's building 158–9, 162–4,219,233, (see also obelisks below, and Chapelle Rouge);
Hatchepsut's coronation 109;
Hatchepsut Suite 164, 219;
inscription on Mutnofret 77;
Mut, temple of 164, 188;
obelisks 158–9, 159–62, 164, 174, 194, 216, 221, 233;
processional ways 107, 159, 162, 164, 170;
pylons 71, 164;
Senenmut and 178, 188, 194;
stela of Kamose 23–4;
Tuthmosis I's works 71, 158–9,161, 164;
Tuthmosis II's works 81, 158, 164;
Tuthmosis III's works 164, 215, 220–21;
see also Chapelle Rouge
Kennedy family 48
Kerma, kingdom of 19–20
Khabekhnet, tomb of, Deir el-Medina 57
Khaemwaset, Prince 76
Khenmetankh (mortuary chapel) 72–3, 75, 76, 77, 128
Khnum (god) 101, 103, 104
Khonsu (god) 31, 162, 170
king lists 1, 12, 18, 224, 230, 233
kings and kingship 6–10, 41; and Amen 3, 30–31, 32–3;
building works 7, 40;
children 54–8;
continuity 6;
coronation 106–9, 135, 174;
display 41;
divinity 7–10, 20, 33, 47, 64, 101–6, 134–5, 192;
foreign, adopt traditional regalia 135;
harems 36–7, 50–54;
marriages 50–54, 65–9, 75;
military leadership 27, 29;
office/person distinction 6, 135;
presentation and appearance 135–7;
progresses 36–8;
quarrying monopoly 200–201;
and religion 7–10, 17, 30, 33, 101–6, 169;
succession from outside immediate family 62, 135;
tombs 37;
women 6, 18, (see also Hatchepsut; Sobeknofru; Twosret); see also co-regency; Ka; regalia; regencies
Kom Ombo 215
Kush 19–20, 61, 117, 142
labour force 7, 38
land ownership 39, 45, 52, 54
Lansing, Ambrose 99, 234
law: inheritance 68; sexual relations 67
Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of 182
Lepsius, Karl Richard 122,232–3
Levant 24, 26, 27, 36, 144, 210, 214–15; see also Palestine
life expectancy 73
literacy 88, 180
literature 16, 39–40, 66, 123, 215
Livia, Roman Empress 191
living conditions 34–5
lower classes 41, 42, 132
Luxor 34, 102, 107, 162
luxury goods 39, 144–5
maat (continuity) 8–10, 88, 162; Hatchepsut as preserver 9–10, 89, 136, 146, 157, 158;
Hatchepsut as threat to 226
Maatkare (Hatchepsut's throne name) 13, 99, 104
Manetho (scribe) 1, 12–13, 20, 133, 230
Marianne of France 140
Mariette, Auguste 11, 234
Mark Anthony 230
marriage: to close relations 50, 65–9, 181; dynastic 50, 51–2, 68–9;
polygamous 50–54, 75
Maspero, Gaston 23, 90, 127, 215–16
matriarchy 46, 49, 67
medicine 73, 148
Medinet Habu 94
Meir, Golda 139
memory, proscription of: and Second Death 216; see also under Hatchepsut; Senenmut
Memphis 29, 31, 36, 37, 70
Menkare-Nitocris, queen 233
Mentuhotep II, pharaoh 165, 167, 175
Mentuhotep III, pharaoh 145
Merenptah, pharaoh 53, 75
Merenptah Siptah, pharaoh 227
Meritamen, queen 60,62
Meritre-Hatchepsut, queen 86, 89, 215,226
Mer-Wer (harem palace) 54
Merykare, The Instruction for 158
Meryt-Neith, queen 44
Meskhenet (goddess) 101, 104–5
metallurgy 21
Meyer, Eduard 79
middle classes 39, 41, 42, 80, 181
Middle Kingdom: chronology 235; images of pharaohs 133;
migrations 18;
queens 44–5; see also under the individual pharaohs
migrations 18
Min (god) 30, 46,107,230; Amen-Min 162
mining 16, 39, 144, 200
Mitanni 36, 39, 70–71, 214–15
mobility, social 182–3
Moeris (Tuthmosis III) 231
Montu (od) 162
Moori
ng Places of Pharaoh (palaces) 36,37
mortality, infant and child 73
mortuary temples 32; see also under Djeser-Djeseru; Khenmetankh; and the individual Tuthmoside pharaohs
mummies and mummification 72, 148; Deir el-Bahri cache 91–4, 126–7, 212, 213;
Hatchepsut 213–14;
pathology 23, 53;
X-ray ageing 213; see also Tuthmosis I, II and III
Mut (goddess) 31, 162, 164, 170, 188
Mutnofret, queen 75, 76–7
myrrh 145, 147–8, 151
Naharin 70
names, personal 13, 154
Napoleonic Expedition 122, 231
Narmer, pharaoh 27, 65
Naville, Edouard 11,79, 97–8,141, 234; on Hatchepsut's memory 218–19, 220;
on Punt 147,150
Neferirkare, pharaoh 101
Nefertari, queen 172–3,227
Nefertiti, queen 5, 227
Neferubity (Hatchepsut's sister) 175
Neferure, princess 4, 60, 66, 86–90, 171, 175; tutors 88, 181,
(Senenmut) 88, 177, 178, 183, 188, 207
Neith-Hotep, queen 44, 65, 235
Nekhbet (goddess) 46
Nemaathep, queen 44, 58
Neneferkaptah, Prince (fictional character) 66
Nephthys (goddess) 69, 101, 199
Neshi, Chancellor 116, 184, 195–6; expedition to Punt 147, 149, 150, 153
Neskhons, Lady 92
New Kingdom: chronology 235
Nile, river: Cataracts, (First) 38, (Third) 70;
inundations 18, 38;
Mooring Places of Pharaoh 36, 37
Nitocris, queen 233
nobility 41, 54–8
Nubia: campaigns 16, 23, 25–6, 27, 61, (Tuthmosis I) 26, 36, 70,
(Tuthmosis II) 82,
(Hatchepsut) 141–3,210,
(Tuthmosis III) 210;
Egyptian fortresses 70;
gold 39;
and Hittites 19–20;
royal women 48;
Semna temple 97–8;
Tuthmosis III's monuments 113, 215
nurses, royal 80–81, 214
Nut (goddess) 69, 86, 199
obelisks: Hatchepsut's 101, 119, 158–9, 159–62, 174, 194, 233, (walled up after death) 216, 221;
Tuthmosis I 110, 119, 159, 164
occupations 181, 183; see also army; civil service; workforce
Octavian 230
oil 39, 129–30
Old Kingdom: chronology 235; images of pharaohs 133;
queens 44–5, 172; see also the individual pharaohs
Old Testament 134
Opet (god) 107, 162
oracles of gods 108–9
Osiris (god) 8, 58, 59, 69, 162, 169; Hatchepsut's Osiride statues 174–5, 219
ostraca 11–12, 108, 186–7, 198
Ottoman sultans' harem 52, 53–4
Paheri (bureaucrat, of el-Kab) 49, 75
painting see art, pictorial
Pakhet (goddess) 155–8, 173
palaces 36–8, 52
Palestine 24, 26, 82, 143, 214–15,228
papyri 11; Harris I 152;
Lansing 39–40;
Westcar 101
Pa-Ramesses 37
Paul, St 181
Penelope (wife of Odysseus) 191
Penthesilea (Amazon) 140
Pepi II, pharaoh 58
perfumes 129–30, 147, 153
Petrie, Flinders 79
pharaoh: derivation of word 6
Philip Arrhidaeus 221
Phoenicia 144
Pinedjem I, pharaoh 92, 126–7
Pliny the Elder 160
Plutarch 229
Pococke, Revd Richard 231
Polish Mission 234
pottery 20, 21
priesthood 33, 41, 56, 115, 138, 183
princes 55–7, 58
princesses, foreign 50, 51–2
propaganda 41; expedition to Punt as 146;
Hatchepsut's 2, 4, 6, 101–6, 146;
inscriptions 12;
military 28, 157–8;
monuments as 9, 154, 155, 158, 174, 234; see also under religion
proscription see under memory
provinces: middle classes 181
Ptah (god) 162
Ptolemaic Period 135, 175–6, 229–30, 235
Punt 13, 16, 145; Hatchepsut's expedition 116, 144, 145–53, 170–71, 173, 174
Puyemre, Second Prophet of Amen 168, 208
pygmies, dancing 145
Pyramid Texts 86
pyramids: and cult of Re 29, 30, 72; Giza 233, 235;
Sakkara 96, 235;
12th Dynasty 17, 30;
17th Dynasty 21–2
quarries, stone 160, 200–201
queens 43–50, 57–62, 135; Archaic Period 43, 44;
Old Kingdom 44–5, 172;
Middle Kingdom 44–5;
17th and 18th Dynasties 45–50, 57–62;
in crisis 47–8;
divinity 45–6;
as ‘God's Wife of Amen’ 59–60, 62, 83, 89, 226;
Hatchepsut as conventional queen consort 80, 81, 83–6, 100, 106, 112;
and Hathor 172–3;
land ownership 45, 52, 54;
regalia 45–6;
regencies 57–8, 61;
titles 45, 59–60
Quseir 145, 151, 152
Ramesses II, pharaoh 181, 224, 235; children 50, 75, 76;
mortuary temple 73,230
Ramesses III, pharaoh 92, 152
Ramesses IX, pharaoh 92,213
Ramesses XI, pharaoh: tomb 212
Ramesses Siptah, pharaoh 227
Ramesseum 73,230
Ramose (Senenmut's father) 99, 180, 182–3, 198
Ramose, Prince 75, 76, 77
Ramose, vizier 55
Re (god) 13, 29–30, 33; Amen-Re 30;
and pyramids 29, 30, 72;
Red Sea 145, 151
Reddjedet, Lady 101
regalia: kings' 130, 135; queens' 45–6
regencies 57–8, 61
regnal years 12, 64, 100, 106, 224
Re-Harakte, temple of 169, 175
Rekhmire, vizier 55
religion 29–33; Aten, cult of 33;
folk-religion 31–2;
funerary cults 27, 57, 62;
kings and 7–10, 17,20, 33, 101–6;
propaganda use by Hatchepsut 6, 9, 101–6, (see also Amen (Hatchepsut's devotion to));
queens' offerings 61;
sources 10;
state and local gods distinct 31–2; see also the individual gods, notably Amen; Hathor; Isis; Osiris; Re
Rhodolphis (fictional character) 233
Roman Period 68, 73, 160, 230, 235
Rosellini, Niccolo 232
Ryan, Donald P. 214
Sahure, pharaoh 101
Sakkara: king list 18, 230; pyramids 96, 235
sarcophagi see under Hatchepsut; Senenmut; Tuthmosis I
Satioh, queen 90
Satire of the Trades, The 16
scribes 39, 180; see also civil service
sculpture 16–17, 40; of Hatchepsut 130, 184, 221–2,
(Osiride) 174–5, 219;
as propaganda 155;
of Senenmut 187–8
sea travel 145, 150–52
seals, amphora 99
sed-festivals 109–11, 161
Sehel, island of 142–3, 161
Sekenenre Tao II, pharaoh 22–3, 22, 55,93
Sekhmet (god) 162
Semiramis of Assyria 191
Semitic migrants 18
Semna temple, Nubia 97–8, 100
Senenmut (Steward of the Estates of Amen) 177–209; appearance 186–8,187;
army career 143, 177–8, 183;
and building programme 159, 160, 161, 177, 194, (see also Djeser-Djeseru below);
career and titles 180–86;
character 177;
c
ultural interests 194;
death 206–8;
defacement of monuments 179, 188, 202, 207, 208–9, 222–3;
depictions 179, 187, 192;
disappearance from public life 179, 206–8;
and Djeser-Djeseru 119, 168, 177, 178, 194–6, (see also tombs (353) below);
family and early career 116, 180–83;
Gebel Silsila shrine 183–4, 186;
and Hatchepsut 178, 179, 184, 189, 190–93, 205, 207–8;
Neferure's tutor 88, 177, 178, 183, 188, 207;
no evidence of marriage 181–2;
and parents' tomb 99, 182–3, 186;
popularly accepted biography 177–9;
proscription of memory 179, 202, 222–3;
sarcophagus 186, 199–201;
as Steward of Estates of Amen 153, 178, 185;
tombs, (71) 89, 90, 99, 143, 178, 181, 183, 186, 196,197, 198–203,206, (353) 90, 178,179, 181, 186,187, 192, 194, 196, 203, 204, 205–6;
Tuthmosis III and memory of 208;
wealth 182–3, 186
Senenmut Quarry, Deir el-Bahri 221
Senenu, High Priest of Amen and Hathor 175
Seni, Viceroy of Kush 117
Senimen (tutor to Neferure) 88, 181, 196
Seniseb (mother of Tuthmosis I) 62–3, 175
Sennefer, Mayor of Thebes 55, 208
Senwosret I, pharaoh 17, 30, 145
Senwosret III, pharaoh 17, 30
Serabit el-Khadim 61, 89, 144
Seraglio, Grand 52, 53–4
Seth (god) 20, 22, 58, 69, 190
Sethe, Kurt 78–80
Sethnakht, pharaoh 228
Seti I, pharaoh 223,224
Seti II, pharaoh 227
sexual behaviour 67, 189, 190–93
Sharpe, Samuel 233
Sharuhen 24, 25
Sheikh Abd el-Gurna hill 196, 197, 198–203, 206
Shipwrecked Sailor, Tale of the 16
Shu (god) 60
silver imports 39
Sinai: campaigns 24, 113, 228; mineral resources 16, 39, 144, 200
Sinuhe, Story of 16
Siptah, pharaoh 133
Sitamen, queen 66
Sitre, known as Inet (Hatchepsut's wet-nurse) 80–81, 214
Smith, G. Elliot 23, 90–91
Sobeknofru, queen 18, 87, 136, 137, 226, 228, 235
social order 41, 180–81, 182–3; see also lower classes; middle classes
Solomon, king of Israel 68–9
soul, survival of 72, 216
sources 4–5, 10–12
Speos Artemidos temple 144–5, 155–8, 156, 173, 223
Speos Batn el-Bakarah temple 155
stelae: Berlin 83, 100; of Djehuty 143;