FAMILY ASTACIDEA, fresh-water crayfish “ HOMARIDAE (Nephropsidae) Atlantic lobsters
TRIBE ANOMURA (§ O-10, p. 109) SUPERFAMILY THALASSINIDEA (ghost shrimps, etc.)
FAMILY AXIIDEA (Loamediidae). (Calastacus, Axius, Axiopsis, etc.)
FAMILY CALLIANASSIDAE (Upogebidae). (Calli anidea, Callianassa, Upogebia, etc.)
ANOMUROUS FORMS
§ Q numbers
ALL THE ANOMURA EXCEPT THE THALLASINIDEA
SUPERFAMILY PAGURIDEA
FAMILY PAGURIDAE. The hermit crabs “ COENOBITIDAE. Robber crabs, land crabs
FAMILY LITHODIDAE. The stone crabs (Hapa logaster, Cryptolithodes, etc.)
SUPERFAMILY GALATHEIDAE
FAMILY GALATHEIDAE, macrurous forms, but treated here with the Anomura for taxonomic consistency
FAMILY PORCELLANIDAE. Porcelain crabs
SUPERFAMILY HIPPIDEA. Sand bugs, sand crabs
FAMILY ALBUNEIDAE (Albunea and Lepidopa)
“ HIPPIDAE (Hippa, Emerita) (§ O-10, p. 182 and § R-15, 18, 19, and 22)
TRIBE ANOMURA, SUPERFAMILY THALASSINIDEA
FAMILY AXIIDAE
ANOMUROUS FORMS
TRIBE ANOMURA (Less the THALASSINIDEA)
Phylum Mollusca
GLOSSARY OF TERMS AS USED IN THIS WORK
ABORAL. The upper surface of a starfish, brittle-star, or sea-urchin, as opposed to the under or oral surface whereon the mouth is situated.
ALGAE. Simple plants, often unicellular; the higher forms include the seaweeds.
AMBULACRAL GROOVE. A furrow bisecting the underside of the rays of starfish through which the tube feet are protruded.
AMPIIIPOD. Literally, “paired-legs.” Minute shrimp-like crustaceans, laterally compressed; the beach hoppers, sand fleas, skeleton shrimps, etc.
ANASTOMOSING. Dictionary definition: “Union or intercommunication of any system or network of lines, branches, streams, or the like.”
ASSOCIATION. An assemblage of animals having ecologically similar requirements.
ATOKOUS. The sexually immature stage of certain polychaet worms.
AUTONOMY. Reflex, or seemingly voluntary, separation of a part or a limb from the body, followed by regeneration.
BUNODID ANEMONE. One of a family of sea-anemones characterized by a bumpy or warty body wall.
CALCAREOUS. Containing deposits of calcium carbonate; calcification.
CERATA. Dorsal projections which take the place of gills.
COMMENSAL. An organism living in, with, or on another, generally partaking of the same food.
COSINE WAVE. A wave graphically represented by a curving line, the peaks and troughs of which are equal and complementary.
CTENOPHORE. A type of jellyfish characterized by the possession of meridional rows of vibrating plates which propel and orient the animal.
DACTYL. Term applied to the last joint of a crustacean leg.
DEIIISCENCE. A bursting discharge, usually of eggs or sperm.
DROWNED CORAL FLAT. A flat containing coral, some heads of which have been suffocated by sand.
ECHIUROID. A worm-like animal related to the sipunculids, in which the body is variably sac-like, usually with thin skin, and having often a spoon-shaped proboscis.
ECOLOGY. The study of the mutual relations between an organism and its physical and sociological environment.
ELYTRA. Shield-like scales of certain worms.
ENDEMIC. Dictionary example: “An endemic disease is one which is constantly present to a greater or less degree in any place, as distinguished from an epidemic disease, which prevails widely at some time, or periodically....”
EPITOKOUS. Sexually mature stage in polychaet worms, characterized by changes of the posterior end which enable normally crawling worms to be free-swimming.
ETIOLOGY. Dictionary definition: “1. The science, doctrine, or demonstration of causes, especially the investigation of the causes of any disease. 2. The assignment of a cause or reason; as, the etiology of a historical custom.”
FLORIATE. Flower-like.
GASTROPOD. Literally, “stomach-foot.” Belonging to a group of animals comprising the snails, slugs, sea-hares, etc.
GYMNOBLAST. Belonging to a group (of hydroids) in which the polyps lack the skeletal cups of other hydroids into which the soft parts can be withdrawn.
HOLOTHURIAN. Sea-cucumber. One of a group of echinoderms, or spiny-skinned animals, some varieties of which, under the commercial name bêche-de-mer or trepang, are used by the Chinese for food.
HYDROID. A small, plant-like, usually colonial animal.
INTERTIDAL. See Littoral.
INTROVERT. A closed tubular pocket capable of being unrolled and extended inside out.
ISOPOD. Literally, “same legs.” Usually small crustaceans in which all the legs are similar, comprising the pill-bugs, sow-bugs, and many marine forms.
ISOTHERM. A line joining or marking equal temperatures.
LITTORAL. Region of the shore bounded by its highest normal submergence at high tide and most extreme emergence at low tide. Intertidal.
MUTATION. In the life history of a species, the sudden appearance of a new trait that breeds true and becomes eventually one of the characters of the species or of the new species thus formed.
MYSIDS. Usually minute crustacea, called “opossum shrimps” because of their possession of marsupial plates within which the young develop.
NUDIBRANCH. Literally, “naked gill.” One of a group of shell-less gastropods, often brilliantly colored and of delicately beautiful form.
OPHIURAN. Brittle-star or serpent-star. Members of one of the five classes of echinoderms or spiny-skinned animals.
PAPILLA. Small elevation; in holothurians, modified tube feet not used for locomotion.
PELAGIC. Free-floating at or near the surface of the sea.
PLANKTON. Generally microscopic plant and animal life floating or weakly swimming in the upper layer of a body of water.
POLYCHAETS. Usually elongate worms characterized by the possession of abundant chaetae or bristles.
POLYCLADS. Flatworms in which the intestinal tract has extensive ramifications.
POLYP. An invertebrate having a hollow cylindrical body, closed and attached at one end and opening at the other by a central mouth surrounded by tentacles. May be an individual (as an anemone) or a member of a colony (as a coral polyp).
PORCELLANIDS. Crabs of the family Porcellanidae, often called porcelain crabs because of the carapace texture of typical examples.
QUATERNARY, OR RECENT. The latest of the epochs into which geologists divide the history of the earth. Late Quaternary includes the present time.
RESPIRATORY TREE. The respiratory organ of holothurians; so named because it resembles a tree inside out. Fresh water is taken in at what corresponds to the trunk and penetrates to the delicate branches, which provide great absorption area in proportion to the volume.
SCALAR. Mathematical term. An abstract quantity having magnitude but not direction, such as volume, mass, weight, time, electrical charge, and always indicated by a real number.
SERPULID. A polychaet worm which builds a calcareous tube, usually coiled.
SESSILE. Attached, therefore not moving.
SIPHONOPHORE. A type of jellyfish. The Portuguese man-o‘-war and other spectacular forms belong to this group.
SIPUNCULIDS. Worm-like animals characterized (among other things) by the possession of an introvert, and of rough, cuticle-like skin. Capable of great expansion: contracted, some of them merit the name peanut worm.
SYNDROME. A group of signs and symptoms occurring together and characterizing a disease.
SYNONYMY. The various names used to designate a given species or group.
TAXONOMY. A sub-science of biology concerned with the classification of animals according to natural relationships and with the rules governing the system of nomenclature.
TECTIBRANCHS. A group of sometimes shell-less gastropods to which belong the sea-hares and b
ubble-shells.
TELEOLOGY. The assumption of predetermined design, purpose, or ends in Nature by which an explanation of phenomena is postulated.
TENSOR. A mathematical term for the stretching factor which is necessary to change one vector, or force, into another vector having a different amount of force and direction. (Thus, if one imagines a given force A traveling south at 40 miles an hour, and another force B traveling southeast at 60 miles an hour, mathematically to translate force A into force B, the factor which changes one into the other must have not only force and direction, but stretching power, to pull A equal to B, and that factor is called the tensor.) Tensor is the quantity necessary in Einsteinian physics to translate vectors from one set of co-ordinates (frame of reference) to another.
TEREBELLID WORM. A polychaet worm which builds a sandy or pebbly tube, cemented usually to the underside of rocks by its own mucus.
THIGMOTROPISM. An innate tendency to seek enclosing contact with a solid or rigid surface, as in a burrow.
TROPISM. Innate involuntary movement of an organism or any of its parts toward (positive) or away from (negative) a stimulus.
TURBELIARIAN WORMS. The large group of flatworms to which the polyclads belong.
UBIQUITOUS. Occurring everywhere (though not necessarily abundantly) in the total area under consideration.
VECTOR. A mathematical term for an abstract quantity such as velocity, acceleration, or force, having both magnitude and direction. It may also have position in space, but this is not necessary. A vector is symbolized or represented by an arrow.
XEROPHYTIC. Plants structurally adapted to withstand drought.
Zoom. Individual member of a colony or compound organism, having more or less independent life of its own.
Abalone
“Abanico” (sea-fans)
Abyssinia
Acanthochitona exquisitus
Actinaria of the Canadian Arctic Expedition (Verrill)
Actinians
“Actinians of Porto Rico” (Duerden) n.
Agassiz
Agiabampo; estuary
Agua Verde Bay
Aguja Point
Albacore
Alcyonaria specimens, preservation of
Aletesn.
Algae
Algal zonation
Almazán, General
Amanita muscaria
Ameba
Amortajada Bay
Amphioxus
Amphipods
Anemones ; bunodid; commensal; preservation of specimens; sand; zoanthidean
Angel Custodia. See Guardian Angel Island
Angel de la Guardia. See Guardian Angel Island
Angeles Bay
Annelids; preservation of specimens
Antarctica
Apaches
Aphrodisiacs
Arbacia incisan.n.
Archiv für Pathologie und Pharmacologie
Arco, Cape
Arles
Artemis
Arthropoda
Associations, animal
Asteroids
Astrangia pedersenin.
Astrometis
Astrometis sertuliferan.
Astropyga pulvinatan.
Atlantis
Auk, great
Autotomy
Avalon
Bacon, Roger
Baja, Point. See Point Baja
Baja California
Balboa Beach
Baldibia, Gilbert
Balistes flavomarginatus
Balistidae
“Barco” (red snapper)
Barnacles
Barnhart
Batete. See Botete
Bats
Bay of Valparaiso
Beach-hoppers
Beagle
Beche-de-mer
Beethoven
Beroë
Berry, Anthony (Tony)
Bimaculatus
Biologists, speculations on
Bivalves
Boats, speculations on
Bolin, Dr. Rolph
Bonito
Boodin
Borrego (big-horn sheep)
Botete
Bouin’s solution
Brancusi
Bristle-chitons
Brittle-stars. ; preservation of specimens; sand burrowing
“Bromas” (barnacles)
Bryozoa
Bunodids
“Burral” (snails)
Bushmen, Australian
Butler, Dr. Nicholas Murray
Butterfly rays
Cabrillo Point
Cake urchins
California (New Albion, Carolina Island) ; Central ; Gulf of. See Gulf of California; Southern
Callinectes bellicosusn.
Callinectes crabs
Callopoma fluctuosumn.
Calvin, Jack
Camacho, General
Cambrian period
Campoi, Don José
Cannibalism
Cape Arco
Cape Horn
Cape San Lucas
Capitalism
“Caracol” (snails)
Carditamera affinisn.n.
Caribbean Treasure (Sanderson)
Carmel
Carolina Island
Carpenter
Castillo Najera
Catfish
Caymancito Rock
Cayo Islet (Cayo)
Cedros Island
Cedros Passage
Central California
Centrechinus mexicanus
Cerianthusn. ; preservation of specimens
Chamberlin
Charles II,
Chione
Chioraera leonina
Chitons (sea-cradles) ; preservation of specimens
Chiton virgulatus
Chloeia viridis
Chorodesn.
Chorodes occidentalis Montgomery n.
Chris
Ciguatera
Cipango
Clams : boring ; Chione; hacha ; garbanzo; pinnan. ; Pismo: razor; ruffled ; Tivela
Clavigero.
Cliona
Cliona celata
Club urchins
Clypeaster rotundusn.
Clypeaster rotundus (A. Agassiz)n.
Coast Pilot
Coccidiosis
Coelenterate
Collecting, at night; speculations on
Collecting equipment
Collectivism
Colletto, Tiny
Colorado River (Red River)
Commensal animals
Communism
Concepción Bay; tides
Conception, Point
Conchs; stalk-eyed
Cones (snails)
Coolidge, Calvin
Cooper
Corallines
Corals ; green
Cordonazo
Cormorants
“Cornuda” (hammer-head shark)
Corona, Captain
Coronado Island
Cortés
Cortés, Sea of. See Sea of Cortez
Coryphaena equisetis Linn.n.
Cos
Cosmogony, tidal theory of
Costello, Jimmy
Crabs ; commensal; dromiaceous; fiddler ; flat; grapsoid; hermit ; larval; masked; pea; pelagic ; porcelain; preservation of specimens; Sally Lightfoot ; spider; swimming
Crayfish; and man, compared
Crustacea
Ctenophores
Cuba
Cucumbers. See Sea-cucumbers
Cushion star
Cypselurus californicusn.
Dali
Darwin, Charles
Darwin, George
Day, Francis
Dentaliums
Descent from the Cross (Dali)
Dialectic
Diodontidae
Dirac’s equations
Djetta
“Dog, The” (Dog ----- Point)
Dolabell
a californican.
Dolphins
Dominance
Doré
Drake
Drinking, speculations on
Dromiaceous crabs
Duerdenn.
Eagle rays
Echinoderms; fossil
Echiuroid worms
Ecologyn.
Eddington
Eel
Eel, moray. See Moray eel
Eel-grass
Einstein
El Mogote. See Mogote, El
Eltonn.
Emerson
Encope californican.
Encope californica Verrill
Encope grandisn.
Encope grandis L. Agassizn.
Encyclopaedia Britannican.
Endocrinology
Enea, Sparky
England
Ensenada
Ensenada de Anpe
Enteropneust
“Epibioses of the Gullmar Fjord II” (Gislén)n.
Epstein
Eretmochelys imbricata (Linn.)n.
“Erizo” (urchins)
Espiritu Santo Island
Estero de la Luna; tides
Ethics
Etiology
Euapta godeffroyin.n.
Eucidaris thouarsiin.
Eurythoë
Eviscerating animals
“Evolutional Series toward Death and Renewal” (Gislén)
Faery
Fascism
Fer, M. de
Fiddler crabs
Fisher starfish monograph
Fishes ; albacore; bonito ; botete; catfish ; commensal; flying ; mackerel ; Mexican sierra ; poisonous ; puerco; puffer ; preservation of specimens ; sardines; schools ; sharks ; skipjack ; swordfish ; transparent; tuna
Fishes of India (Day)
Fish schools, speculations on
Flattely and Walton
Flatworms ; preservation of specimens; turbellarian
Flying fish; northern
Ford, Henry
Frascr
“Friars, The,”
Fruit-flies
Garbanzo clams
Gars (needle-fish).
Gastropods
Geodia
Geograpsusn.
Geograpsus lividusn.
Germo alalungan.
Gilbert
Gislén, Dr. Torstenn.
Goethe
Goniopsisn.
Good Hope, Cape of
Gorgonians
Grapsoids
Great auk
Greco, El
Grouse