But beyond these summaries, the chief aim in constructing this account has been to provide a source book for material on the Panamic invertebrates. Herein also will be found a statement of the common shore animals of the Gulf, of their range —whence zoogeographers may compile their own statistics and draw their own conclusions as to how the animals arrived and from where—and a list of references from which added information can be obtained by lay reader or biologist.
Finally, this resume of an effort to cast light onto a scene small and specific in the breadth of the world, but large in our minds, and equally large, no doubt, in the eyes of travelers and scientists concerned with it, can be closed with the remarks of the conchologist Carpenter, who touched universals in his study of a special group (1857, § S-6, p. 92) : “The object of this Report has been so to condense and arrange the existing materials that those who consult it may know what has been done, and may have the means of deciding on the value to be attached to the different sources of information. Thus they may be enabled to begin where the writer leaves off, and not spend precious time in working out afresh what has already been ascertained.” So now (p. 71), “we proceed ... to the details ... merely premising that the student must bear in mind the very unsatisfactory nature of most of our materials, and must therefore receive what follows simply as the approximation partially attainable in the present state of the science and not as absolute truth.”
TABLE OF REFERENCES
PHYLUM PORIFERA
A-1 to A-2C—Sponges.
PHYLUM COELENTERATA
B-1 to B-13—Hydroids.
C—Alcyonaria (not yet reported upon). Gorgonians (sea-fans, etc.), sea-pens, etc.
D—Anthozoa other than corals (not yet reported upon). Anemones.
E-1 to E-9—Corals.
PHYLUM PLATYHELMISTHES
F-1 to F-16—Polyclads. Marine flatworms.
G-1 to G-3—Nemerteans. Ribbon worms.
PHYLUM POLYZOA OR BRYOZOA
H-1 to H-21—Bryozoa. Moss animals and certain of the corallines.
PHYLA SIPUNCULOIDEA AND ECHIUROIDEA
I-1 to I-15-Sipunculids and Echiuroids. Peanut worms, etc.
PHYLUM ANNELIDA
J-1 to J—77—Polychaets. Worms.
PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA
K-1 to K-16—References to the group as a whole.
K-101 to K-130—Asteroidea. Starfish.
K-201 to K-226—Ophiuroidea. Brittle stars.
K-301 to K-328—Echinoidea. Sea urchins, etc.
L-1 to L-42—Holothurioidea. Sea cucumbers.
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA. MOSTLY CLASS CRUSTACEA
M-1 to M-17—References to the group as a whole.
M-101 to M-200—Copepods (not yet reported upon; we got only one or two).
M-201 to M-222—Amphipods.
M-301 to M-320—Isopods.
M-401 to M-411—Schizopods and Cu macea (we got none of the latter).
M-501 to M-600—Pantopods (none taken).
M-601 to M-609—Stomatopods.
N-1 to N-19—Cirripedia, the barnacles.
0-1 to O-22—Decapods. References to the group as a whole.
P-1 to P-36—Macrurous decapods. All the Natantia.
P-101 to P-105—All the macrurous Reptantia except the Family Galatheidae. Shrimps, etc.
P-201 to P-205—Superfamily Thalassi nidae of the Tribe Anomura.
Q-1 to Q—14—Anomurous decapods. All the Anomura except the subfamily Thallasinidea. Hermit crabs, etc.
R-1 to R-78—Brachyura. True Crabs.
PHYLUM MOLLUSCA
S-1 to S-17—References to the group as a whole.
S-101 to S-101—Scaphopods. Tooth shells.
S-201 to S-256—Petecypods. Bivalves, clams, mussels, oysters, etc.
S-301 to S-414—Shelled gastropods (not including shelled Tectibranchs). Snails, etc.
T-1 to T-24—Naked Gastropods. Sea-hares, nudibranchs, and Onchiids.
T-101 to T-106—Shelled Tectibranchs. The bubble-shells.
U-1 to U-27—Amphineura. Chitons.
U-101 to U-118—Cephalopods. Squid, Octopi, etc.
V-1 to V-13—Enteropneusts. Acorn-tongue worms.
V-101 to V-119—Tunicates. Sea squirts, etc.
V-201 to V-203—Cephatochordates. Lancelets (Amphioxus, etc.).
W-1 to W-27—Fishes.
MISCELLANEOUS
X—Groups not considered in detail. (Not yet reported upon. We got only a few. One medusa jellyfish, a bat, a gordian worm considered in the text only, etc.)
Y—Non-specific books and accounts.
Z—No references.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
The uniform method of bibliographic citation employed herein involves abbreviations according to the following list, and volume, page, etc., numbers according to a definite schedule. If there is a series number which should be shown, this is indicated in parentheses before the volume number. If there is a Part, or Section, or Fascicule, or Number, which should be shown as an important direction, this is indicated in parentheses after the volume number. This symbol is followed by a colon which precedes the number of pages, plates, and figures, thus: (5) Vol. 1 (2): 212-216, P1. 1; which indicates: Series 5, Volume 1, Part (or Number) 2, pages 212-216, Plate 1.
Following are the standardized abbreviations used to indicate periodicals. The letters shown in roman face type are those which are used as abbreviations.
Albatross abbreviations, see end of this section.
Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
American Journal of Science (American Journal of Science and Art, 1820-79), New Haven, Connecticut
American Midland Naturalist, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
American Museum Journal, American Museum of Natural History, New York, N. Y.
American Museum Novitates, American Museum of Natural History, New York, N. Y.
American Naturalist, Boston (published at various times elsewhere: Salem, Mass., New York, N. Y., etc.)
Anales del Instituto de Biologia de la Universidad de México
Annales de l‘Institut Océanographique, Monaco (Paris)
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London
Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History, New York, N. Y. (now New York Academy of Sciences)
Annual Report, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.
Annual Report, Tortugas Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C.
Arkiv for Zoologi utgivet av K. Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, Stockholm
Boston Journal of Natural History
Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della R. Università di Torino, Italy
Bollettino della Società di Naturalista in Napoli, Italy
Bronn’s Klassen und Ordnungen des Tier-Reichs, Leipzig
Bulletin du Muséum d‘Histoire Naturelle, Paris
Bulletin de la Societé Philomathique de Paris, Paris
Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, N. Y.
Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection, Pea-body Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Washington, D. C. See also, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm.
Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts. See also, Albatross abbreviations at end of section.
Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the University of California, La Jolla, California
Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, Washington. See also, U. S. Fish Comm. Bull.
Bulletin of the United States National Museum, Washington, D. C.
Bulletin of the Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Huntington, Long Island, New York
Bulletin of the New York Zoological Society. See also, Zool. Soc. Bull.
Bulletins of the Labora
tories of Natural History, State University of Iowa, Iowa City
Ciencia, Mexico City, Mexico
Comptes Rendus du Académie Scientifique, Paris
Field Museum of Natural History, Zoological Series, Chi cago, Illinois
First (1st) Annual Report, Laguna Marine Laboratory, Pomona College, Claremont, California
Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft, Jena, Germany
John Murray Expedition, 1933-34, Scientific Reports, The British Museum (N. H.), London
Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Pomona College, Claremont, California. Also, Pomona College Journal of Entomology and Zoology
Journal of Malacology, London
Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, Washington, D. C.
Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, Stockholm, Sweden
Meddelelser fra det Zoologiske Museum, Oslo, Norway
Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D. C.
Mémoires de l‘Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pé tersbourg, now Akademiia nauk, Leningrad
Memoires de la Société de Physique et d‘Histoire Naturelle de Genève, Switzerland
Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History
Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts. See also, Albatross abbreviations at end.
Mission Scientifique au Mexique et dans l‘Amérique Cen trale, Paris
Mitteilungen des Naturhistorisches Museum, Hamburg
Nautilus, Philadelphia. Now being published through the Department of Zoology at the University of Pennsylvania
New York Academy of Sciences, Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands
Philippine Journal of Science, Manila, P. I.
Pomona College Journal of Entomology and Zoology. See Journal
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington
Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History
Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California
Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Cambridge, England
Proceedings of the Essex Institute, Salem, Massachusetts
Proceedings of the Malacological Society, London
Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Washington, D. C.
Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, Washington, D. C.
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
Publications of the University of California at Los Angeles in Mathematical and Physical Sciences
Report of the ... Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science
Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, Mu seo de la Fauna y Flora, Mexico
Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, von C. Semper, Jena. Also as: Semper Reisen, etc.
Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et appliquée, Paris
Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta
Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Washington. Also Smithsonian Edition
Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, New Haven
Transactions of the Linnaean Society, London
Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, San Diego, California
Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute, Toronto
Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
United States Fish Commission Bulletin. See Bulletin
University of California Publications in Botany, Berkeley, California
University of California Publications in Zoology, Berkeley, California
Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn, Denmark
Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig
Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society
Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abtheilung (now Abteilung) für Systematik, ökologie und geographie der Tiere, Jena
Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig
“Albatross 1891” will be understood as an abbreviation for: ”Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central, and South America, and off the Galápagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross, during 1891....“
“Albatross 1899-1900” will be understood as an abbreviation for: ”Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross, from August 1899, to March 1900....“
“Albatross 1904-1905” will be understood as an abbreviation for: ”Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross, from October 1904, to March 1905....“
(Glossary will be found on page 587.)
PHYLETIC CATALOGUE
Phylum Porifera (Sponges)
Phylum Coelenterata
CLASS HYDROZOA—HYDROIDS ONLY
Phylum Platyhelminthes
TURBELLARIA (FLATWORMS)
Phylum Bryozoa
Phyla Sipunculoidea and Echiuroidea
Phylum Annelida
CLASS POLYCHAETA
Phylum Echinodermata
CLASS HOLOTHURIOIDEA
Phylum Arthropoda
CLASS CRUSTACEA
MACRUROUS FORMS
§ P numbers
COMPRISING ALL THE NATANTIA AND ALL THE MACRUROUS REPTANTIA EXCEPT THE GALATHEIDAE
SUB-ORDER NATANTIA (§ O-10, p. 18)
TRIBE STENOPIDES
FAMILY STENOPIDAE (Stenopus) (§ O-13, p. 170)
TRIBE PENEIDES (§O-10, p. 19)
FAMILY SERGESTIDAE (Sergestidae, Lucifer)
(§ P-3)
“ PENEIDAE (§ P-1, 2, 4, 18)
TRIBE CARIDES (§ P-5, p. 26 and § O-10)
FAMILY PASIPHAEIDAE (Leptochela and the deep Pasiphaea)
FAMILY ACANTHEPHYRIDAE OR OPHLOPHORIDAE (Hymenodora etc., deep)
FAMILY PALAEMONIDAE (Palaemon, Palaemoetes, the fresh-water Macrobrachium, etc. Chace includes Pontonia)
FAMILY ATYIDAE (fresh-water forms)
“ PONTONIIDAE (Pontonia, etc.)
“ PANDALIDAE (Pandalus, Plesionika, etc.)
“ HIPPOLYTIDAE (Hippolyte, Hippolys mata, Spirontocaris, etc.)
FAMILY CRANGONIDAE (or Alpheidae)
(§ P-6, P-11)
(Snapping shrimps, Crangon, Synalpheus, Betaeus, Automate, etc.)
FAMILY GNATHOPHYLLIDAE (Gnathophyllum, etc.)
FAMILY LYSMATIDAE OR PROCESSIDAE (Processa)
“ CRAGONIDAE (formerly CRANGONIDAE) (Crago) (§ P-13)
FAMILY GLYPHOCRANGONIDAE (Glyphocrangon, deep)
SUB-ORDER REPTANTIA, all the rest of the Decapods (§ O-10, p. 104)
TRIBE PALINURA (Scyllaridea, formerly called also Loricata) (§ O-10, p. 105)
FAMILY ERYONTIDAE (Eryoniscus, Polycheles, deep)
FAMILY PALINURIDAE (Sea crayfish, spiny lobsters; Panulirus)
FAMILY SCYLLARIDAE (Stone lobsters, Scyllarus, Evibacus, etc.)
TRIBE ASTACURA (Nephropsidea)