No Ordinary Time

  354 “And this just removed . . .”: Pauli Murray, OH, FDRL.

  354 “She must’ve . . .”: interview with Diana Hopkins Halsted.

  354 “It’s the first time . . .”: Lash interview with Esther Lape, Lash Papers, FDRL.

  354 “A very nice affair . . .”: Hassett, Off the Record, p. 95.

  354 “Harry trembled . . .”: ibid.

  354 “After Harry married . . .”: interview with Diana Hopkins Halsted.

  354 work for Norway: Wilhelm Morgenstierne, in Märtha Norges Kronprincesse 1929-1954 (n.d.), pp. 70-71, courtesy of Neils Justensen, Norwegian Embassy. Translated for the author by Toril Lampert.

  355 “No sooner would Louise . . .”: interview with Diana Hopkins Halsted.

  355 “Then they’d . . .”: Diana Hopkins Halsted, OH, FDRL.

  355 “Victory” suit: John Morton Blum, V Was for Victory (1976), p. 94.

  355 “women grow their own . . .” . . . “proper support . . .”: Hygeia, Aug. 1942, pp. 582, 622.

  355 “Certainly Uncle Sam . . .”: ibid., p. 624; see also Business Week, Sept. 19, 1942, pp. 57–59.

  356 ration books: Cabell Phillips, The 1940s (1975), pp. 86-87.

  356 yellow dye, corn syrup: Lingeman, Don’t You Know, pp. 244-45; U.S. News, Feb. 20, 1942, p. 16.

  356 black markets: Blum, V Was for Victory, pp. 96-97; Time, Dec. 21, 1942, p. 95.

  356 “curious independence . . .”: Marquis Childs, I Write from Washington (1942), p. 299.

  356 order forbidding new tires: NYT, Dec. 22, 1942, p. 1.

  356 certificate program: Galbraith, Life in Our Times, p. 155.

  356 “Roosevelt was outraged . . .”: ibid.

  357 rationing of gasoline: NYT, April 23, 1942, pp. 1, 16.

  357 “The very men to whom . . .”: Raymond Clapper, Watching the World (1944), p. 199.

  357 “I want to talk to you . . .”: Time, June 22, 1942, p. 16.

  358 “Today I am mailing . . .”: Mrs. Kirkland to FDR, June 13, 1942, OF 150, FDRL.

  358 “On December 7th . . .”: Benjamin Cohen to FDR, July 1, 1942, OF 150, FDRL.

  358 hundred thousand rubber bands: Samuel Werner and Esther Fisher to FDR, June 27, 1942, OF 150, FDRL.

  358 “Mr. Facts”: NYT, Aug. 16, 1942, sect. VII, p. 5.

  358 “The nation waits . . .”: ibid.

  358 “Gas rationing . . .”: Rubber Survey Committee Report, Sept. 10, 1942, p. 6, OF 150, FDRL.

  358 “The Baruch report . . .”: NR, Sept. 21, 1942, p. 336.

  358 “ . . . grow by its own criticism”: Fortune, Nov. 1942, p. 227.

  358 Effects of gas rationing: Time, May 25, 1942, p. 16.

  359 “a meteor burst . . .”: Lewis Gannet, “Books,” in Jack Goodman, ed., While You Were Gone (1946), pp. 447-63.

  359 “You cannot expect . . .”: NYT, Sept. 8, 1942, pp. 1, 15.

  359 “placed a pistol . . .”: NYT, Oct. 3, 1942, p. 1.

  359 FDR appointed Byrnes: NYT, Oct. 4, 1942, p. 1; Nov. 18, 1942, sect. VII, p. 5.

  CHAPTER FOURTEEN: “By God, If It Ain’t Old Frank!”

  361 made it clear to ER: interview with James Roosevelt.

  361 “You’re the only . . .”: Geoffrey C. Ward, A First-Class Temperament (1989), p. 629n.

  361 “They were just very good . . .”: interview with Eleanor Seagraves.

  361 “She was the only person . . .”: ibid.

  361 “flirted like mad”: interview with Eleanor Wotkyns.

  361 “It was quite . . .”: interview with Curtis Roosevelt.

  362 Margaret Suckley: interviews with Winthrop Aldrich, Eleanor Seagraves, Curtis Roosevelt, and Eleanor Wotkyns.

  362 Daisy in charge of papers: interview with Margaret Suckley.

  362 “Evidently the P[resident] . . .”: Joseph P. Lash, A World of Love: Eleanor Roosevelt and Her Friends, 1943-1962 (1984), p. 3.

  362 “She had a compulsion . .”: interview with Curtis Roosevelt.

  362 “I just don’t know . . .”: interview with Eleanor Wotkyns.

  362 “swing-and-duck rivalry . . .”: Collier’s, July 11, 1942, p. 110.

  362 “Ford is making . . .”: ibid.

  363 Chrysler tank arsenal: Machinery, Dec. 1941, p. 107; “Our Nation at War: Log of the President’s Inspection Trip,” p. 2, box 61, OF 200, FDRL.

  363 “By God if it ain’t . . .”: A. Merriman Smith, Thank You, Mr. President (1946), p. 50.

  363 M-4 Sherman tank: NYT, May 26, 1942, p. 18.

  363 “A good drive! . . .”: NYT, Oct. 2, 1942, p. 15.

  363 tank production in U.S. and Germany: Harry Thomson and Lidas Mayo, The Ordnance Department: Procurement and Supply (1960), pp. 239, 255.

  363 “the most enormous room . . .”: Robert Lacey, Ford: The Man and the Machine (1986), p. 391.

  363 “It is a promise . . .”: ibid., p. 393.

  363 Only one bomber: “Our Nation at War,” p. 3.

  363 Ford in far corner: ibid., p. 394.

  364 Spotting two midgets: Ford’s News Bureau, press release, Sept. 18, 1942, OF 200, FDRL.

  364 women working on assembly line: “Summary of Willow Run Bomber Plant,” April 30, 1942, p. 4, OF 200, FDRL; NYT, July 11, 1942, p. 16.

  364 “I feel quite certain . . .”: NYT, Feb. 16, 1941, p. 22.

  364 “The present number . . .”: “Policy on Women,” Manual of Operations: War Manpower Commission, Oct. 17, 1942, Record Group 86, Woman’s Bureau, National Archives, Washington, D.C.

  364 “Finally valued by others . . .”: Sherna Berger Gluck, Rosie the Riveter Revisited (1987), p. xiv.

  364 “the woman behind . . .”: ibid., p. 11.

  365 “Actually what attracted . . .”: ibid., p. 135.

  365 “I’m pretty old . . .”: BEA, April 16, 1942, p. 5.

  365 “every bit of preparation . . .”: Pensacola Journal, Feb. 2, 1942, Scrapbook, ER Papers, FDRL.’

  365 “no woman with dependent children . . .”: Chester Gregory, Women in Defense Work During World War II (1974), p. 19.

  365 “You cannot expect . . .”: Lacey, Ford, p. 393.

  365 “if success is measured . . .”: Irving Holley, Jr., Buying Aircraft (1964), p. 527.

  365 Great Lakes: “Historical Information about the U.S. Naval Training Station, Great Lakes,” OF 200, FDRL.

  366 “It was a luxury . . .”: Dennis D. Nelson, The Integration of the Negro into the Navy (1951), p. 29.

  366 “Brehon, that was grand!”: “Our Nation at War,” p. 14.

  366 shortage of copper and brass: R. Elberton Smith, The Army and Economic Mobilization (1959), p. 28; Constance McLaughlin Green, Harry C. Thomson, and Peter C. Root, The Ordnance Department: Planning Munitions for War (1955), p. 488.

  366 “Life on the train . . .”: A. Merriman Smith, Thank You, p. 53.

  367 “The Flying Fortress”: “Our Nation at War,” p. 24.

  367 “joint Army-Navy E”: NYT, Aug. 11, 1942, p. 10.

  367 “This was an airplane . . .”: Martin Cardin, Flying Forts (1968), p. 3.

  367 “To me the Flying Fortress . . .”: ibid., p. 5.

  367 “My mother was horrified . . .”: Inez Sauer interview, University of Southern California Collection.

  367 Anna christened the U.S.S. Teal: NYT, Sept. 24, 1942, p. 1.

  367 remembering the lessons: AB to Hall Babbitt, Publicity Director, Nov. 3, 1942, box 68, Halsted Papers, FDRL.

  368 “When we finished . . .”: Lyn Childs in “Rosie the Riveter,” PBS Documentary.

  368 “ . . . With the help of God . . .”: “Our Nation at War,” pp. 27-28.

  368 “Just look at those . . .”: NYT, Jan. 24, 1943, sect. VII, p. 30.

  368 “He can mentally visualize . . .”: ibid., p. 30.

  368 cut into four pieces: ibid., p. 3.

  368 “Your father missed you . . .”: Daisy Suckley to AB, Oct. 15, 1942, box 74, Halsted Papers, FDRL.

  368 “It was almost . . .”: AB to Daisy Suckley, Oct. 23, 1942, box 74, Halsted P
apers, FDRL.

  368 Douglas Aircraft: Douglas View, Sept. 1942, pp. 13-14; NYT, June 26, 1942, p. 17.

  368 “the lipsticks . . .”: SEP, May 30, 1942, p. 30.

  368 “The factory’s no place . . .”: Inez Sauer interview, University of Southern California Collection.

  369 “Look at Tarzan! . . .”: Aviation, June 1942, pp. 249-50.

  369 Consolidated, B-24: NYT, March 16, 1942, p. 1.

  369 “doing a swell job . . .”: NYT, Oct. 15, 1942, p. 25.

  369 “I never did anything . . .”: SEP, May 30, 1942, p. 31.

  369 “I’ll deny it to the end . . .”: quoted in American Women at War: By 7 Newspaper Women (1942), p. 13.

  369 “I hardly saw a man . . .”: MD, Oct. 8, 1942.

  369 “FDR seemed happy . . .”: ER to Lash, Sept. 29, 1942, Lash Papers, FDRL.

  369 “Had it not been . . .”: Sybil Lewis interview, University of Southern California Collection.

  370 not “so much . . .”: ibid.

  370 “I still don’t . . .”: Social Forces, Oct. 1942, p. 79.

  370 “It don’t make . . .”: ibid.

  370 Hudson Naval Ordnance shutdown: NYT, June 3, 1942, p. 16.

  370 “You can’t expect . . .”: Social Forces, Oct. 1942, p. 81.

  370 “At first I thought . . .”: ibid.

  370 “Alice, I said good night . . .”: ibid., p. 80.

  370 “Eleanor Clubs”: FBI report, OF 93, FDRL.

  371 “All the Negroes”: ibid.

  371 “It was but logical . . .”: ibid.

  371 “Instead of forming . . .”: LHJ, Oct. 1942, p. 23.

  371 “I think he was really . . .”: interview with James Roosevelt.

  372 Brass: Erna Risch, The Quartermaster Corps (1953), p. 63.

  372 silk: ibid., p. 70.

  372 1.6 million to 5.4 million: Kent R. Greenfield, Robert R. Palmer, and Bell I. Wiley, The Organization of Ground Combat Troops (1947), pp. 209-11.

  372 “no appearance of strain . . .”: NYT, Oct. 2, 1942, p. 1.

  372 “the American people . . .”: Russell D. Buhite and David W. Levy, eds., FDR’s Fireside Chats (1992), pp. 240-48.

  373 She recognized . . .: interview with James Roosevelt.

  373 “She bothered him . . .”: Anna Rosenberg, OH, FDRL.

  373 “You couldn’t find . . .”: AH interview, Lash Papers, FDRL.

  374 “She was a few years . . .”: TIMS, p. 130.

  374 “If I had it to do over . . .”: Eleanor Roosevelt and Helen Ferris, Your Teens and Mine (1961), p. 186.

  374 “I think I must have spoiled . . .”: TIMS, p. 180.

  374 “I know what a delight . . .”: Joseph P. Lash, Eleanor and Franklin (1971), p. 182.

  374 “young and immature . . .”: Ward, Temperament, p. 415.

  375 “easily the most beautiful . . .”: ibid., p. 359.

  375 “She was gay . . .”: Elliott Roosevelt and James Brough, An Untold Story: The Roosevelts of Hyde Park (1973), p. 73.

  375 “same brand . . .”: ibid., p. 82.

  375 drawn to one another: Elizabeth Shoumatoff, FDR’s Unfinished Portrait (1990), p. 16.

  375 “Lucy was a wonderful . . .”: AH interview, Bernard Asbell. Transcript given to author by Prof. Asbell.

  376 “Of course he was in love . . .”: quoted in NYT, Aug. 13, 1966, p. 23.

  376 “I saw you 20 . . .”: Lash, Eleanor and Franklin, pp. 225-26.

  376 “You were a goosy girl . . .”: ibid., p. 223.

  376 Winthrop Rutherfurd: NYT, March 21, 1944, p. 19.

  377 “Did you know . . .”: Lash, Eleanor and Franklin, p. 227.

  377 “Up to the time . . .”: Joseph P. Lash, Love, Eleanor (1982), p. 70.

  377 “he emerged tougher . . .”: quoted in Lois Schraf, ER: First Lady of American Liberalism (1987), p. 56.

  377 “I have the memory . . .”: Kenneth S. Davis, Invincible Summer (1974), p. 93.

  377 “Psyche” by Virginia Moore: as quoted in Lash, Eleanor and Franklin, p. 245.

  378 if she stayed . . . When the time . . .: interview with James Roosevelt.

  CHAPTER FIFTEEN: “We Are Striking Back”

  379 “I confide my Missus . . .”: FDR to WC, Oct. 19, 1942, box 12, Roosevelt Family Papers Donated by the Children, FDRL.

  379 “After nine years . . .”: as reprinted in NYT, Oct. 21, 1942, p. 4.

  379 “We welcome you . . .”: BEA, Oct. 24, 1942, p. 3.

  380 enormous suite: Newsweek, Nov. 2, 1942, p. 8.

  380 “We are lost . . .”: ER to LH, Oct. 23, 1942, LH Papers, FDRL.

  380 ration card and bed in shelter: Newsweek, Nov. 2, 1942, p. 48.

  380 “I was struck . . .”: ER diary of trip to Great Britain, Oct. 24, 1942, box 2962, ER Papers, FDRL.

  380 “Hi Eleanor . . .”: BEA, Oct. 26, 1942, p. 14.

  380 “I have already . . .”: Joseph P. Lash, Eleanor and Franklin (1971), p. 662.

  381 “I can feel . . .”: MD, Nov. 7, 1942.

  381 “We have not used . . .”: BEA, Oct. 26, 1942, p. 3.

  381 Mrs. Churchill sat down: NYT, Oct. 29, 1942, p. 25.

  381 “Not since I can remember . . .”: NYT, Oct. 31, 1942, p. 8.

  381 “I saw every inch . . .”: ER diary of trip, Oct. 29, 1942, box 2962, ER Papers, FDRL.

  381 “like animals at bay . . .”: Martin Cardin, Flying Forts (1968), p. 148.

  381 “I found I’m very fat . . .”: NYT, Oct. 30, 1942, p. 6.

  381 She “is very attractive . . .”: ER diary of trip, Oct. 30, 1942, box 2962, ER Papers, FDRL.

  382 “who is a sweet . . .”: ER diary of trip, Oct. 25, 1942, box 2962, ER Papers, FDRL.

  382 “I don’t want . . .”: ER diary of trip, Oct. 27, 1942, box 2962, ER Papers, FDRL.

  382 “ . . . winning golden opinions . . .”: Churchill & Roosevelt: The Complete Correspondence (1984), vol. I, p. 655.

  382 “Every soldier I see . . .”: MD, Nov. 5, 1942.

  383 “were very indignant . . .”: ER to Stimson, Sept. 22, 1942, box 851, ER Papers, FDRL.

  383 “the differential treatment . . .”: Stimson Diary, Oct. 2, 1942, Yale University.

  383 Elliot; “he has matured . . .”: ER to LH, Nov. 5, 1942, LH Papers, FDRL.

  383 “The First Lady is . . .”: Newsweek, Nov. 9, 1942, p. 45.

  383 “The hullabaloo . . .”: Willi A. Boelcki, ed., Secret Conferences of Dr. Joseph Goebbels (1970), p. 291.

  383 “I’m simply delighted . . .”: LH to ER, Oct. 26, 1942, LH Papers, FDRL.

  384 “She has had . . .”: Churchill & Roosevelt Correspondence, vol. I, p. 656.

  384 people had grievances: John Morton Blum, V Was for Victory (1976), p. 231.

  384 Henderson announced: NYT, Nov. 1, 1942, sect. IV, p. 12.

  384 eighty-three million coffee drinkers: NYT, Nov. 29, 1942, sect. IV, p. 8.

  384 “ . . . the wartime measure . . .”: ibid., p. 9.

  384 “under no illusions . . .”: William D. Hassett, Off the Record with F.D.R. (1958), p. 132.

  385 “I am fighting for you”: MLH to FDR, Nov. 4, 1942, PPF 3737, FDRL.

  385 “Name, please? . . .”: NYT, Nov. 4, 1942, p. 5; Hassett, Off the Record, p. 133.

  385 light turnout: Herbert Nicholas, ed., Washington Despatches, 1941-45 (1981), p. 11; NYT, Nov. 7, 1942, p. 30.

  385 “that an unofficial . . .”: U.S. News, Nov. 13, 1942, p. 17.

  385 “Found the President . . .”: Hassett, Off the Record, p. 135.

  385 “the new Congress . . .”: NYT, Nov. 7, 1942, p. 30.

  385 Shangri-la: Samuel I. Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt (1952), pp. 349-50.

  386 “He knew that it was largely . . .”: ibid., p. 363.

  386 showing his anxiety: Grace Tully, F.D.R, My Boss (1949), p. 264.

  386 Eisenhower having rough time: Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusader in Europe (1948), pp. 96-97.

  386 Zero hour: Stimson Diary, Nov. 7, 1942, Yale University.

  386
“The operation should be . . .”: Churchill & Roosevelt Correspondence, vol. I, p. 583.

  386 “We agree . . .”: ibid., p. 591.

  387 “This is just to let . . .”: Richard Leighton and Robert Coakley, Global Logistics and Strategy, 1940-1943 (1955), p. 445.

  387 best equipment: ibid., pp. 440-41.

  387 “It was as though . . .”: ibid., p. 449.

  387 never seemed so dark: Samuel Eliot Morison, The History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, vol. II, Operations in North African Waters (1947), p. 54.

  387 “I realize . . .”: Leighton and Coakley, Global Logistics, p. 452.

  388 “Thank God . . .”: Tully, F.D.R, p. 264.

  388 “America is on the march . . .”: quoted in News Bulletins, Nov. 11, 1942, PSF, FDRL.

  388 “Like the waves . . .”: Katherine Tupper Marshall, Together (1946), p. 140.

  388 “This is it . . .”: Newsweek, Nov. 16, 1942, p. 17.

  388 “They followed the North African . . .”: Winston M. Estes, Homefront (1976), p. 129.

  389 “Now this is not . . .”: Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins (1948), p. 656.

  389 “Jesus Christ . . .”: James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom (1970), p. 291.

  389 “Please make it . . .”: Forrest C. Pogue, George C. Marshall: Ordeal and Hope, 1939-1942 (1966), vol. II, p. 402.

  389 “This was a decision . . .”: Burns, The Soldier of Freedom, p. 290.

  389 “We come among you . . .”: Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt, p. 364.

  389 “We are attacked . . .”: Pétain quoted in News Bulletin, Nov. 8, 1942, PSF, FDRL.

  389 “The U.S. can pay . . .”: Charles de Gaulle, The Complete War Memoirs (1964), p. 134.

  390 “Prostitutes are used . . .”: Nation, Nov. 21, 1942, pp. 529-30.

  390 “the enormous benefits . . .”: Stimson Diary, Nov. 16, 1942, Yale University.

  390 “He showed more resentment . . .”: Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt, p. 363.

  390 “I have accepted . . .”: Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 653.

  391 the triumph of superior . . .: George Howe, Northwest Africa: Seizing the Initiative in the West (1957), pp. 669-77.

  391 “The bravest men . . .”: Erwin Rommel, The Rommel Papers (1953), p. 328.

  391 “The news from Africa . . .”: MD, Nov. 8, 1942.

  391 “about to die”: ER diary of trip, Nov. 11, 1942, box 2962, ER Papers, FDRL.

  391 “Mrs. Roosevelt has done more . . .”: Lash, Eleanor and Franklin, p. 668.