No Ordinary Time

  316 “It is perfectly . . .”: MD, Jan. 20, 1942.

  317 ship sinkings: U.S. News, Feb. 27, 1942, p. 15.

  317 “We are in a war . . .”: Fortune, May 1942, p. 68.

  317 “We’ve got to have . . .”: Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe (1948), p. 22.

  317 “He was standing . . .”: Moran, Churchill, p. 35.

  317 “The news came . . .”: MD, Feb. 16, 1942.

  317 “Perhaps it is good . . .”: ibid.

  317 “calm and serene . . .”: William D. Hassett, Off the Record with F.D.R. (1958), p. 22.

  317 “neither time . . .”: NYT, Jan. 25, 1942, sect. VI, pp. 3, 24.

  318 “I realize . . .”: Frederick C. Lane, Ships for Victory (1951), p. 144.

  318 “fourth in tonnage . . .”: Fortune, May 1942, pp. 65, 68.

  318 “It gives you . . .”: ibid., p. 170.

  318 Henry Kaiser: CB, 1942, pp. 431–35.

  318 delivery time cut: Time, May 25, 1942, p. 82.

  318 Liberty Ship: John Bunker, Liberty Ships (1972), p.7.

  319 “No one is as good . . .”: quoted in Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt, p. 5.

  319 “I’m going to speak . . .”: NYT, Feb. 24, 1942, pp. 1, 4.

  319 “The map business . . .”: NYT, Feb. 21, 1942, p. 8.

  319 sixty-one million at radios: NYT, Feb. 25, 1942, p. 4.

  319 “Selfish men . . .” . . . “ . . . tell that to the Marines!”: NYT, Feb. 24, 1942, p. 4.

  320 “even more effective . . .”: Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt, p. 329.

  320 “one of the greatest . . .”: NYT, Feb. 24, 1942, p. 5.

  320 “Sometimes I wish . . .”: FDR to R. Leffingwell, March 16, 1942, Franklin D. Roosevelt, FDR: His Personal Letters (1947), pp. 1298–99.

  320 “No one understood . . .”: Eric Larrabee, Commander in Chief (1987), p. 11.

  321 “the worst single . . .”: Burns, Soldier of Freedom, p. 216.

  321 “Two Japs with Maps . . .”: Roger Daniels, Concentration Camps USA (1970), p. 32.

  321 “the very fact that . . .”: Carey McWilliams, Prejudice: Japanese Americans (1944), p. 109.

  321 “mad dogs, yellow vermin . . .”: Daniels, Concentration Camps USA, p. 31.

  321 “California was given . . .”: quoted in John Armor and Peter Wright, Manzanar (1988), p. 29.

  321 “These people . . .”; “Originally . . .”: ER, typescript, “For Colliers—Japanese Relocation Camps,” attached to packet of information provided by Dillion Meyer to ER, letter stamped May 13, 1943, box 881, ER Papers, FDRL.

  321 40 percent of the total: Richard Lingeman, Don’t You Know There’s a War On? (1970), p. 337.

  321 “We might as well . . .”: Peter Irons, Justice at War (1983), pp. 39–40.

  322 Issei, Nisei: Francis Biddle, In Brief Authority (1962), p. 213.

  322 California political establishment: ibid., p. 226.

  322 as reasonable and as humane: William Manchester, The Glory and the Dream (1975), p. 299.

  322 “the burdens . . .”; “I do not think . . .”: Biddle, Authority, p. 219.

  322 “We are having . . .”: Charles Kikuchi, Kikuchi Diary (1973), p. 49.

  322 “there was a lack . . .”: Mine Okubo, Citizen 13660 (1966), p. 36.

  323 “Can this be . . .”; “The senselessness . . .”: NR, June 15, 1942, pp. 822–23.

  323 “I could not help . . .”: TIR, p. 231.

  323 “prevented him . . .”: ibid.

  324 “I can’t take . . .”: Anna Rosenberg Hoffman, OH, FDRL.

  324 “I am brought . . .”: FDR to La Guardia, Dec. 18, 1941, PSF 12, FDRL.

  324 “I rise today to utter . . .”: CR, 77th Cong., 2nd sess., Feb. 6, 1942, p. 1097.

  324 “The work of OCD . . .”: Liberty, April 7, 1942, Scrapbook, ER Papers, FDRL.

  325 “the storm that burst . . .”: Marquis Childs, I Write from Washington (1942), p. 262.

  325 “parasites and leeches . . .”: Mrs. A. E. Curtenius to ER, Feb. 11, 1942, box 953, ER Papers, FDRL.

  325 “I am not in the least . . .”: ER to Paul Kellogg, Feb. 10, 1942, ER Microfilm Collection, FDRL.

  325 “in these troubled . . .”: Mrs. Ethel Jamison to ER, Feb. 8, 1942, ER Microfilm Collection, FDRL.

  325 “instruction in physical . . .”: NYT, Feb. 7, 1942, Scrapbook, ER Papers, FDRL.

  325 “I still believe in . . .”: ER to Flo Kerr, Feb. 18, 1942, ER Microfilm Collection, FDRL.

  326 Clark Foreman: Nation, Feb. 21, 1942, p. 213.

  326 none of $300 million for slum clearance: NR, Dec. 29, 1941, p. 887.

  326 white workers overcrowded: ibid., p. 886.

  326 population of Detroit: Walter White, “What Caused the Detroit Riots,” unpublished manuscript, p. 1, OF 93, FDRL.

  326 migrated from farmlands: NYT, July 5, 1943, p. 9.

  327 sleeping in boxcars: NR, Dec. 29, 1941, p. 886.

  327 five thousand a month: NYT, Aug. 9, 1942, sect. IV, p. 10.

  327 “ . . . be released unless . . .”: Nation, Feb. 21, 1942, p. 213.

  327 “Surely you would not . . .”: Mrs. Diggs to ER, Jan. 18, 1942, box 850, ER Papers, FDRL.

  327 “After a conference . . .”: Palmer to ER, Jan. 30, 1942, box 846, ER Papers, FDRL.

  327 On February 28: Detroit News, March 1, 1942, p. 15; NYT, March 1, 1942, p. 40.

  327 “Many dead and wounded”: Detroit News, March 8, 1942, p. 10.

  327 On April 29: NYT, April 30, 1942, p. 8.

  328 ER’s attention to Foreman: ER to FDR, April 30, 1942, box 16, Roosevelt Family Papers Donated by the Children, FDRL.

  328 “What can we do . . .”: FDR to McIntyre, June 26, 1942; reply, July 13, mentioned that McNutt had promised a job; both in OF 4947, FDRL.

  328 “Such a commission . . .”: FDR to Edwin Embree, March 16, 1942, box 4, OF 93e, FDRL.

  328 “The nation cannot . . .”: Washington Star, Jan. 9, 1942, Scrapbook, ER Papers, FDRL.

  328 “are probably the most . . .”: R.J. Divine to ER, Jan. 21, 1942, box 1638, ER Papers, FDRL.

  328 “I am not . . .”: ER to R.J. Divine, Jan. 29, 1942, box 1638, ER Papers, FDRL.

  328 “the enlistment . . .”: Dennis Nelson, draft ch., “Negro in the Navy,” p. 3, OF 93, FDRL.

  328 “in view of . . .”; “there had been no . . .”: ibid., p. 4.

  328 “I think that with all . . .”: FDR to Knox, Jan. 9, 1942, box 11, PSF, FDRL.

  329 “that members of the colored . . .”: Chairman, General Board, to Sec. of Navy, Feb. 3, 1942, box 11, PSF, FDRL.

  329 “Officers of the U.S. Navy . . .”: FDR to Sec. of Navy, Feb. 9, 1942, box 11, PSF, FDRL.

  329 Dorie Miller’s exploits: Texas History, March 1977, pp. 10-13.

  329 “an unidentified Negro . . .”: NYT, Dec. 21, 1942, p. 5; NYT, Feb. 8, 1942, p. 35.

  329 Miller’s name finally released: NYT, March 13, 1942, p. 3; PC, March 14, 1942, p. 1.

  330 “the greatest honor . . .”: PC, March 21, 1942, p. 1.

  330 second report to Knox: Chairman, General Board, to Sec. of Navy, March 20, 1942, box 11, PSF, FDRL.

  330 “a forward step”: PC, April 8, 1942, p. 1.

  330 “ . . . historic barrier”: NYT, April 8, 1942, p. 11.

  330 “I look for an acceleration . . .”: FDR to Fraternal Council of Negro Churches, Mar. 16, 1942, OF 93, FDRL.

  330 “For the government to terminate . . .”: Richard Polenberg, War and Society: The United States, 1941-1945 (1972), p. 117

  330 “of trying to turn . . .”: NYT, July 2, 1942, p. 44.

  330 “a bunch of snoopers . . .”: Roi Ottley, New World A-Coming (1943), p. 302.

  331 “Anyone who hears . . .”: Polenberg, War and Society, p. 109.

  331 “Don’t you think . . .”: Jessie Lupo to ER, Sept. 2, 1942, OF 93, FDRL.

  331 “I’ve come to one . . .”: MD, March 10, 1942.

  332 “This drive to . . .”: New York Daily News, May 6, 1
942, Scrapbook, ER Papers, FDRL.

  332 “If Mrs. Roosevelt’s . . .”: New York World Telegram, March 14, 1942, Scrapbook, ER Papers, FDRL.

  332 When FDR was asked: NYT, March 14, 1942, p. 8.

  332 more than seven million: Lingeman, Don’t You Know, pp. 67-68.

  332 greatest shift: ibid., p. 69.

  332 “It wouldn’t take . . .”: ibid., p. 71.

  332 “was the real gold rush . . .”: ibid., p. 69.

  333 agricultural depression broken: ibid., p. 67.

  333 “by and large . . .”; “and despite . . .”: Harold Vatter, The US. Economy in World War II (1985), p. 129.

  333 “Before the war . . .”: quoted in ibid., p. 129.

  CHAPTER THIRTEEN: “What Can We Do to Help?”

  334 MLH’s right leg had improved: Ross McIntire to FDR, June 1, 1942, PPF 3737, FDRL.

  335 MLH was depressed: Lillian Rogers Parks, The Roosevelts: A Family in Turmoil (1981), p. 188.

  335 “I wanted her to feel . . .”: Bernard Asbell, The FDR Memoirs (1973), p. 403.

  335 Missy eluded her nurse: interview with James Roosevelt.

  335 “She felt there was . . .”: Asbell, FDR Memoirs, p. 403.

  336 tried to set herself on fire: Parks, Family in Turmoil, p. 188.

  336 “extraordinarily beneficent role . . .”: Felix Frankfurter, From the Diaries of Felix Frankfurter (1975), p. 162.

  336 “one of the very . . .”: ibid.

  336 “Knowing how deeply . . .”: William D. Hassett, Off the Record with F.D.R. (1958), p. 34.

  336 “Many human emotions . . .”: MD, April 14, 1942.

  336 ER’s new apartment: NYT, April 5, 1942, p. 19.

  337 “When I am in New York . . .”: NYT, April 16, 1942, p. 16.

  337 “At last I am settled . . .”: Joseph P. Lash, Love, Eleanor (1982), p. 389.

  337 “Just a week from tonight . . .”: ibid., pp. 381-82.

  337 “With you I have . . .”: ibid., p. 378.

  337 “It was a curious . . .”: interview with Lewis Feuer.

  337 “I want to be able . . .”; “ . . . know that . . .”: ER to JL, May 2, 1942, Lash Papers, FDRL.

  337 “so it would be always . . .”: ER to JL, April 22, 1942, Lash Papers, FDRL.

  337 “Wouldn’t it be fun . . .”: ER to JL, April 18, 1942, Lash Papers, FDRL.

  338 “Your telegram came . . .”: ER to JL, May 2, 1942, Lash Papers, FDRL.

  338 Trude Pratt: Lash, Love, Eleanor, pp. 206-7.

  338 “Of one thing . . .”: ibid., pp. 383-84.

  338 “Our friend Hick . . .”: Tommy to Esther Lape, Joseph P. Lash, A World of Love: Eleanor Roosevelt and Her Friends, 1943-1962 (1984), p. xxi.

  338 “if she was out . . .”: LH manuscript, LH Papers, FDRL; Doris Faber, The Life of Lorena Hickok (1980), p. 283.

  339 LH and Marion Harron: Faber, Lorena Hickok, pp. 290-91.

  339 ER experienced: interview with James Roosevelt.

  339 second wartime fireside chat: text in NYT, April 29, 1942, pp. 1, 14.

  340 “General Maximum Price Regulation”: John Kenneth Galbraith, A Life in Our Times (1981), p. 165.

  340 “As we sit here . . .”: NYT, April 29, 1942, p. 14.

  340 “The men operating . . .”: Eric Larrabee, Commander in Chief (1987), p. 6.

  340 Plans for Doolittle raid: Henry H. Arnold, Global Mission (1949), pp. 298-99.

  340 Details of raid: Duane Schultz, The Doolittle Raid (1988), pp. 145-55.

  341 Within an hour: ibid., p. 300.

  341 “ . . . base in Shangri-la”: Hassett, Off the Record, p. 41.

  341 first good news: Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins (1948), p. 542.

  341 “I hope my two boys . . .”: Mrs. T.J. Dykema to FDR, May 19, 1942, OF 5510, FDRL.

  341 “Give us more . . .”: James Jordon to FDR, May 19, 1942, OF 5510, FDRL.

  341 “ . . . a very good . . .”: Stimson Diary, April 18, 1942, Yale University.

  341 Midway: James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom (1970), pp. 225-26; Admiral J. J. Clarke, Carrier Admiral (1967), p. 94; Samuel Eliot Morison, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, vol. IV (I960), p. 80.

  342 “the first decisive . . .”: Admiral King, 1st Official Report, March 1, 1944, p. 525.

  342 “With broken heart . . .”: Burns, Soldier of Freedom, p. 227.

  342 “We’ve got to go . . .”: Forrest C. Pogue, George C. Marshall: Ordeal and Hope, 1939-1942 (1966), vol II, p. 304.

  342 “the hardness of heart . . .”: Stimson Diary, May 27, 1942, Yale University.

  342 “his cigarette-holder gesture . . .”: Pogue, Marshall, vol. II, p. 306.

  342 “ . . . under 24-hour guard . . .”: ibid.

  343 “Oh how glad I am . . .”: George McJimsey, Harry Hopkins (1987), pp. 247-48.

  343 “What Harry and George . . .”: Churchill & Roosevelt: The Complete Correspondence (1984), vol. I, p. 441.

  343 “It was not like him . . .”: J. W. Pickergill, ed., The Mackenzie King Record, vol. I, 1939-1944 (1960), p. 38.

  343 Louis Johnson trying: Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, pp. 524-25.

  343 “Anything like . . .”: Churchill & Roosevelt Correspondence, vol. I, p. 449.

  344 “an owlish, wise look . . .”: Alonzo Fields, My 21 Years in the White House (1961), p. 100.

  344 “Stone Ass”: Thomas Parrish, Roosevelt and Marshall (1989), p. 276.

  344 “head-down in their desire . . .”: Charles E. Bohlen, Witness to History’, 1929-1969 (1973), p. 128.

  344 “at the present time . . .”: FDR to Joint Chiefs, May 6, 1942, box 106, PSF, FDRL.

  344 “The fact that the Russians . . .”: Bohlen, Witness, p. 127.

  344 “developments were clear . . .”: Averell Harriman and Elie Abel, Special Envoy to Churchill and Stalin, 1941-1946 (1975), p. 137.

  344 “an open, warm . . .”: Lash, Love, Eleanor, p. 394.

  344 Memorial Day parade: MD, May 30, 1942.

  345 “American boys . . .”: New York Daily News, May 6, 1942, Scrapbook, ER Papers, FDRL.

  345 “to go round . . .”; “he could not help but think . . .”: Harriman and Abel, Special Envoy, p. 143.

  345 “The President was on . . .”: Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. IV, The Hinge of Fate (1950), p. 338.

  345 “I confess that when . . .”: ibid.

  345 “I can’t help . . .”: Stimson Diary, June 20 and 21, 1942, Yale University.

  346 “He surely is an informal . . .”: Hassett, Off the Record, p. 67.

  346 “We knew what efforts . . .”: Churchill, Hinge of Fate, p. 341.

  346 “Research in the realm . . .”: Joseph Goebbels, The Goebbels Diaries, 1942-1943 (1948), p. 140.

  347 “Alex, what you are . . .”: Richard Rhodes, The Making of the Atomic Bomb (1986), p. 314.

  347 By 1945, more than 120,000: Paul S. Boyer, et al., The Enduring Vision (1993), p. 909.

  347 groundbreaking discoveries: Richard Lingeman, Don’t You Know There’s a War On? (1970), p. 128.

  347 “There was something . . .”: Hastings Ismay, The Memoirs of General Lord Ismay (I960), p. 256.

  347 “It was a bitter . . .”: Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vol. VII, Road to Victory: 1941-1945 (1986), p. 128.

  347 “Defeat is one thing . . .”: Churchill, Hinge of Fate, p. 343.

  347 “What can we do . . .”: ibid.

  348 “To neither of those men . . .”: TIR, p. 252.

  348 “one of the heaviest blows . . .”: Churchill, Hinge of Fate, p. 343.

  348 “What matters is that . . .”: Lord Moran, Churchill—The Struggle for Survival, 1940-1965 (1966), p. 41.

  348 “I am sure myself that . . .”: Churchill & Roosevelt Correspondence, vol. I, p. 520.

  348 “secret baby”: Stimson Diary, June 21, 1942, Yale University.

  349 “we now had only weeks . . .”: Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe (1
948), p. 72.

  349 “the blackest day . . .”: Captain Harry Butcher, My Three Years with Eisenhower (1946), p. 29.

  349 “A lot of these guys . . .”: FDR, Jr., to ER, May 13, 1942, ER Papers, FDRL.

  349 “We failed to see . . .”: Larrabee, Commander in Chief, p. 9.

  349 HH confided: Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 593.

  349 “In smart sets . . .”: Time, July 13, 1942, p. 14.

  349 “Looking better . . .”: Hassett, Off the Record, p. 57.

  349 “He’s gained ten pounds . . .”: Bernard Asbell, Mother and Daughter (1988), p. 144.

  349 “Harry head over heels . . .”: Hassett, Off the Record, p. 80.

  350 “to happiness of HH . . .”: ibid., p. 91.

  350 “It is going to be . . .”: HH to MLH, July 28, 1942, HH Papers, FDRL.

  350 “I’m worried about Harry’s . . .”: Lash, Love, Eleanor, p. 400.

  350 “I imagine . . .”: Lash, World of Love, p. xxiv.

  350 “She did everything . . .”: Diana Hopkins, OH, FDRL.

  351 “Mrs. R and Louise . . .”: interview with Diana Hopkins Halsted.

  351 “Hopkins is equally . . .”: Time, July 13, 1942, p. 14.

  351 “of Negro toil . . .”: NR, July 13, 1942, p. 46.

  351 “I relize [sic . . .”: Odell Waller to ER, June 8, 1942, PSF 143, FDRL.

  352 “a wholly personal . . .”: FDR to Darden, June 15, 1942, PSF 143, FDRL.

  352 “Dearest Babs . . .”: FDR to ER, June 16, 1942, PSF 143, FDRL.

  352 “It’s a grand . . .”: ibid. ER wrote note on memo and returned it to FDR.

  352 ER tried all day: Parks, Family in Turmoil, p. 175.

  352 “would not take ‘No’ . . .”: Ted Morgan, FDR (1985), p. 572.

  353 “I felt that she would not . . .”: Joseph P. Lash, Eleanor and Franklin (1971), p. 671.

  353 “Mr. Randolph . . .”: Pauli Murray, OH, FDRL.

  353 “Have you ever thought . . .”: Nation, July 13, 1942, p. 32.

  353 “Waller’s debt . . .”: Richmond Times-Dispatch, July 3, 1942, p. 6.

  353 “We lost the fight . . .”: NR, July 13, 1942, p. 46.

  353 “I cannot understand . . .”: Armand Kreeger to ER, Aug. 6, 1942, box 1638, ER Papers, FDRL.

  353 “I am very much . . .”: Winnie Downing to ER, July 5, 1942, box 1638, ER Papers, FDRL.

  353 “I wonder if it ever . . .”: ER to Pauli Murray, Aug. 3, 1942, Pauli Murray Papers, FDRL.