Chapter 8
1.Monke, Lowell, “The Human Touch,” Education Next 4(4), Fall 2004. Retrieved on April 11, 2018 from http://educationnext.org/thehuman touch/.
2.“Status of Mind: Social Media and Young People’s Mental Health and Wellbeing,” Royal Society for Public Health (May 2017). Retrieved on December 3, 2017 from https://www.rsph.org.uk/uploads/assets/uploaded/62be270a-a55f-4719-ad668c2ec7a74c2a.pdf.
3.Lanquist, Lindsey, “Instagram Launches 3 New Safety Features—Here’s How to Use Them,” Self (September 26, 2017). Retrieved on November 3, 2017 from https://www.self.com/story/new-instagram-features.
4.Perez, Sarah, “Twitter Starts Putting Abusers in ‘Time Out,’” TechCrunch (February 16, 2017). Retrieved on April 11, 2018 from https://beta.techcrunch.com/2017/02/16/twitter-starts-putting-abusers-in-time-out/?_ga=2.37566819.23505104.1523456549-1685009490.1486857013.
5.Oldfield, Edward, “Facebook and Snapchat Trial New Features to Tackle Online Bullying in Campaign Headed by Prince William,” DevonLive (November 16, 2017). Retrieved on November 3, 2017 from http://www.devonlive.com/news/devon-news/facebook-snapchat-trial-new-features-785837.
6.Ibid.
7.Lucy Cadova (member of Faceup.com team), in discussion with author, April 6, 2018. Used with permission.
8.Matt Soeth (founder of #ICANHELP), in discussion with author, April 4, 2018. Used with permission.
9.Soeth, discussion.
10.Maeve Repking video. Retrieved on July 10, 2018 from https://www.icanhelpdeletenegativity.org/maeve.
11.Liz Repking (founder and CEO of Cyber Safety Consulting), in discussion with author, April 8, 2018. Used with permission.
12.Soeth, discussion.
13.Ciulla Lipkin, discussion.
14.Freidman, Thomas L., Thank You for Being Late: An Optimists Guide to Thriving in the Age of Accelerations (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2016), p. 31.
15.Ciulla Lipkin, discussion.
16.Soeth, discussion.
17.“Remarks by the President on Egypt,” The White House (February 11, 2011). Retrieved on April 12, 2018 from https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/02/n/remarks-president-egypt.
18.Parker-Pope, Tara, “Are Today’s Teenagers Smarter and Better Than We Think?” New York Times (March 30, 2018). Retrieved on April 12, 2018 from https://mobile.nytimes.com/2018/03/30/well/family/teenagers-generation-stoneman-douglas-parkland-.html?smid=fb-nytimes&smtyp=cur.
19.Ibid.
Index
ability, 77
accuracy, 164
addiction, 73, 74–75, 76
adolescents
benefits of online gaming for, 101–2
benefits of social media for, 100–101, 109
depression and, 104–6
downside of online gaming for, 103–4
downside of social media for, 109
limiting screen time for, 106
monitoring of social media feeds by, 108
paradoxical privacy practices of, 137–38
privacy and, 137–40
screen time and, 71–72, 106–7
smartphones and, 71–72
socializing and, 99–100
social media and, 99–100, 104–7, 109
vulnerability to technologies, 75–81
AfterSchool, 171
age, 109–10. See also specific age groups
age restrictions, 38, 118
screen time and, 15, 21, 81–82
social media and, 109–10
Aiken, Mary, 3, 6
Alderman, Lesley, 11
algorithms, 134–35, 136, 169
Alter, Adam, 29
Alvarez, Jennifer Lynn, 159–61
Amazon, 45, 136
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), 21, 81–82
Family Media Use Tool, 82
Android, parental control features, 84–85
Anthony, Susan B., xxxiii
anticipation, 75
anxiety, 104–5, 109
Apple, 80
Apple App Store, 4
Apple Facetime, 19
appropriation, 27
apps, 133. See also specific apps
beneficial, xvi
created by children, 170–72
creating, 167–68, 170–72
free, 127–30
personal data collected by, 127–28
for social good, 167–72
storytelling on, 42
teaching children to evaluate, 143–44
terms of service, 129–30
artistic expression, 162
Ask.fm, 171
AT&T, “Passport” service, 86
at-risk youth, xv
attention, 11–13
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), 11
Australia, 120
authorship, 156–57
Azoulay, Ouri, 78–79
behavior, 62
“Behavior Model” (Fogg), 77
benefit, maximizing, 13–14
binges, avoiding, 82
Borba, Michele, 39–40, 41
boredom, importance of experiencing, 9
boundaries, setting, 17
Brexit, 152
bullycide, 117–18
bullying. See also cyberbullying, standing up to, xx
Burlison, Elias, 183, 184
Burns, Steve, 14
BuzzFeed News, 153
Cadova, Lucy, 170–71
California, xxi
Call of Duty, 104
Cambridge Analytica, 133
Capistrano Unified School District (CUSC), xxi
captology, 76–77
CareerBuilder, 55
caregivers, mobile device usage by, 6–8
cell phones. See also smartphones, life before, xxxi–xxxii
Center for Humane Technology, 80
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 11
Charter Schools Act, xxi
child development. See also cognitive development; moral development
mobile devices and, 5–8
screen time and, 9–10
childhood, effect of smartphones on, xviii–xix
children
assessing readiness for smartphones, xix–xxi
benefits of unplugging for, 87–88
limiting screen time for, 15, 21, 80
setting their own screen time limits, 81–87
vulnerability to technologies, 74–75
Children’s Commission for England, 108, 109–10
Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), 38
China, 102
Christakis, Dimitri, 9
Chromebooks, 25
Circle with Disney, 84
citizenship. See also digital citizenship, five themes of, xxxii–xxxv
Ciulla Lipkin, Michelle, 150–51, 175–77
civic engagement, 162
social networking and, xvi
civics, for a digital age, xxiv–xxviii
Codeacademy, 170
cognition, distributed, 27
cognitive development
concrete stage, 36–37
formal stage, 36–37
preoperational stage, 36
sensorimotor stage, 36
stages of, 36–37
collective intelligence, 27
college admissions
digital reputation and, 53–59
online reputation and, 50–51, 53–59
social media and, xv
College Board, 127–28
college students
benefits of unplugging for, 88–89
screen time and, 72–73
smartphones and, 72–73
Common Core State Standards (CCSS), 24
Common Sense Media, xvii, 72, 86, 103, 104
communication, 82
communities, xxix
compassion, xxxii, xxxiv, 167
compulsive behavior, 76. See
also addiction
connectedness, xv, xxxi, 41, 105
Connolly, Patti, 18–19, 32–33
Connolly, Tim, 19
content, 62, 82
“continuous partial attention,” 84
Cook, Tim, 80, 158
cookies, 129–30
courage, xxxiii, xxxv, 167
C.R.A.A.P., 164–65
C.R.A.P., 156–57, 164–65
crap detection, 155–57, 164–65
creativity, 159–62
critical thinking, 149–66
cultural change, xvi
cultural competencies, 26, 32
currency, 156–57
cyberbullying, 95–97, 98, 116–18, 132
Cyberbullying Research Center, 116, 123
Cyber Civics, xxiv–xxvii, xxviii, 12, 32, 38–39, 65, 83, 154–55
interviews with alumni of, 182–84
Cyber Civics Moments, xxix–xxx, 42–43, 144–45, 181
Cyber Safety Consulting, 110
Cyberwise, 83–84
data collection, 126–27
data mining, 136. See also data collection
Davis, Ashawnty, 118
depression, social media and, 104–6
“de-’tech’-tive” skills, xxx, xxxi
DeviantArt, 159–60
devices, xvii, xix. See also specific devices mobile, 3–5, 8–9, 15, 17 (see also smartphones)
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM-5, 74
Dieckmeyer, Anna, 112, 181–84
#Digital4Good, 173
digital actions, permanence of, 63–64
Digital Armour, 58
“digital billboard,” 56–58
digital citizenship, xxvi–xxvii
Digital Citizenship Summit, 74
“Digital Cleanse,” 73, 88
digital distractions, 69–71, 84, 90
digital drama, 97
digital footprint, 55–59
digital leadership, xx, 167–80
digital literacy, xxviii, 110, 111
digital media compulsion, 73, 74
digital mentors, 31–32
digital on-ramps, 32–34
digital relationships, 98, 100–102
digital reputation, xix–xx, 49–68
digital tools, free and low-cost, xvi
disconnectedness, xxxi
disinhibition, online, 97–98
Disney, 21
distributed cognition, 27
Donohue, Chip, 14, 15, 16
dopamine, 75, 76
Drouin, Michelle, 113
Dunbar, Robin, 107
echo chambers, 134–35
education, xiv–xvii
Egypt, 101
Ellis, Ross, 118, 123
email etiquette/literacy, 43–45
emotional skills, xix, 41
emotional support, 109
empathy, 34, 39–40, 62
employers
digital reputation and, 55
social media and, 55
Entertainment Software Rating Board, 103
Erikson, Erik, 99
Essick, Jim, 162–63
ethical thinking, 34–36
ethnic minorities, 109
executive function, 9, 10–12
eye contact, 6–8, 40, 41
Facebook, xxv, 79, 109, 140, 169
FaceUp.com, 170–71
facial expressions, 6–8, 40, 41
“fake news,” xx, 151–53
reporting, 157–58
teaching children about, 164–65 (see also media literacy)
Faltas, Shaheer, xxv–xxvii, xxviii, 30, 154–55
Family Media Use Tool, 82
Family Online Safety Institute (FOSI), 129
family relationships, 101
family time, unplugged, 41
Family Zone, 84
Fandom, 160
fandom, 159–61
fanfiction, 160
Fazli, Sophia, 183–84
fear, technologies and, 174–75
Federal Trade Commission (FTC), 128
filter bubbles, 134–35
Fishman, Dean, 3
Fogg, B. J., 76–77
FOMO (fear of missing out), 109
foundation, xxix
Fred Rogers Center (FRC), 14, 15–16
Friedman, Thomas, 175
friendships, online, 100–102
frontal cortex, 75, 76
Futuresource Consulting Ltd., 25
games, 101–2, 103–4, 133
gaming disorder, 102
gaming industry, 79
Gandhi, Mahatma, xxxiii
Gardner, Howard, 56
Gates, Bill, xxvii, 137
Gates, Bill Sr., xxvii
Gates, Melinda, 38, 158
“Generation D,” 74
Gessner, Conrad, xxx
Glaze-Kelley, Shelley, 12, 13, 43, 70, 164
Gmail, 44–45, 128
Goldilocks hypothesis, 106–7
GoodPlay group, 56
good things happening online, xv–xvi
Google, 129
Googling yourself, 65–66
Green, Gabriella, 118
Greenfield, David, 73, 74–75, 91
G Suite for Education, 128
GTA (Grand Theft Auto), 103
The Guardian, 133
Guerry, Richard, 63–64
Hampton, Natalie, xvi, 172
handles, 101
Harris, Tristan, 79–80
Harvard Crimson, 50
Harvard University, 11
Herring, Su Sonia, 149
Hinduja, Sameer, 116, 118–19, 122, 123
Hirst, Blake, xxxiv
honesty, xxxii, xxxiv, 167
humane design, 80
human interaction, importance of, 6–8, 40–41
human touch, 41
humblebragging, 62–63
Hurst-Della Pietra, Pamela, 5, 8–9, 13
hyperarousal, 75
#ICANHELP, 172
identity construction, xxv
“iGen,” xviii–xix
impression management, 99–100
impulse control, 113
India, 101
Indonesia, 101
infants
limiting screen time for, 15, 21, 81–82
special considerations for, 15
information, thinking critically about, xx
information literacy, xx, xxiv–xxvii, 153–54. See also media literacy
Instagram, 65, 79, 95, 97, 100, 108, 109, 129, 140, 160
instincts, trusting your, 18
The Institute for Responsible Online and Cellphone Communication (IROC2), 63–64
intelligence, collective, 27
intentional use, 15–16
interactive technologies, 10
International Classification of Diseases Manual (ICD-11), 102
internet, benefits of, xv–xvi
internet addiction, 74–75
interpersonal communication skills, 72–73
iPads, xxiv
iPhones, xxiv. See also smartphones
limiting use of, 80
parental control features, 84–85
Iraq, 101
Japan, 102
Jenkins, Henry, 26–28, 56, 158, 162
Jensen, Frances, 76
Johnson, Stephen, 158
Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 112–13, 114
Journey School, xxi–xxii, xxiv–xxv, 12–13, 30, 38–39, 83, 149
judgment, 27
Kaiser Family Fondation, xxiv
Kamenetz, Anya, 69
Kaplan Test Prep, 50–51
Kardaras, Nicholas, 12, 29, 30, 75
Karr, Kim, 172, 173
Katzman, Alan, 52–55, 64
Kelley, Peter, 110–11, 174–75
KidsEmail, 44–45
Kiesecker, Cheri, 127–28
kindergarten, differences today, 23–24
kindness. See also empathy
cultivating, 122
online, 45–46
storytelling about, 122
King, Martin Luther Jr., xxxiii
Kleeman, David, 13–14, 102
Kogan, Aleksandr, 133
Kohlberg, Lawrence, 36, 37
Konrath, Sara, 40
Lambrecht, Deborah, 29–30
language development, 9–10, 18
Lanier, Jarod, 29
leading by example, 17, 85–86
learning, xiv–xv
Leff, Shauna, 129, 133–34
Lewis, Paul, 29
LGBTQ+ youth, 109
license, 129–30
Lieberman, Cynthia, 83
life skills, online, 179–80
likes, 45–46, 75–76
limits, 82
location information, 129–30
log file information, 130
Louv, Richard, 91
Lui, Eric, xxiv–xxviii
Mac, parental control features, 84–85
Macedonia, 151–53
marginalized youth, xv
McArtney, Jack, xvii, xviii
McLuhan, Marshall, xxx
media
producing vs. consuming, 18, 161–62, 164, 165–66
social interactions and, 16
thinking critically about, xx
media contract, xxii–xxiii
media exposure, xxii–xxiv
media literacy, xxvii, 149–66
media mentors, 18
media psychology, xxiv
media usage
age restrictions, 38
being a role model, 85–86
limiting, 31–32, 106
making a language-rich experience, 18
management of, 81–86
Medium, Stories, 42
memes, 49–50
Mendoza, Kelly, xvii
Messenger Kids, 80
Minecraft, 102–3
miscommunication, 97
misinformation, xx
Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood, 15–16
MIT App Inventor, 172
Mobicip, 84
mobile devices, 3. See also specific devices
as babysitters, 4–5
as digital pacifiers, 8–9
limiting use of, 15
monitoring use of, 17
Mogel, Wendy, 179
monetization, 130
Monke, Lowell, 167
moral development, three levels of, 37
motivation, 77
multitasking, 27
music, 133
Musical.ly, 119–20
National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC), 14
National Association of Media Literacy Education (NAMLE), 149, 150, 175
nature, connecting with, 89–91
NBC’s Today Show, 131–32
negotiation, 27
Netflix, 161
Net Nanny, 84
networking, 27
new media literacies, 26–28, 158
“new public square,” 134
New York Times, 21, 133, 179
New Zealand, 102