drag queens, 137, 162
drugs, 144–45
Dukelsky, Vladimir (Vernon Duke), 137
Dumbarton Oaks, 275, 285
Dunn, Robert, 138, 245
earthquakes, 18–19
Eastern Question, 31–32
Eastman, Max, 242–43
Ece, Keriman Halis, see Keriman Halis
Edip Bey (father of Halide Edip), 206–8, 215
Edirne, 185–86
education:
in French schools, 205
for women, 203, 207–8
Education Ministry, Turkish, 258, 296
Edward VIII, king of England, 285
Egypt, 150, 209, 275, 279, 327
as free of Ottoman control, 75
Eichmann, Adolf, 356–57
Einstein, Albert, 296
Eitingon, Chaim, 247–48
Eitingon, Leonid, 247–52, 323
Eitingon, Max, 248
Ellis, Gertrude, 303
Emergency Committee to Save the Jewish People of Europe, 326
Eminönü (neighborhood), 157, 376
Emlak Bank, 128
Emniyet (Turkish secret police), 304–6
English language, 118, 161
Enver Pasha, 34, 37, 42–43, 55, 56, 306
Ephesus, 229
“Epic of Sheikh Bedreddin” (Nâzım Hikmet), 229–30
Eristavi, Gigusha, 99
Eristavi, Princess, 100
Ertegün, Ahmet, 173–75
Ertegün, Münir, 173–74
Ertegün, Nesuhi, 173–75
Erturul, 189
Erturul, Muhsin, 157, 213, 220
Erzurum, 72, 129
Eskenazi, Roza, 162–65, 167, 169, 171, 284
Ethiopia, 146, 272
eunuchs, 134, 138, 145–47
Europe, 256, 295, 298
collapse of empires in, 6
colonies of, 241
eastern, 63, 356
Muslim exiles from southeastern, 8
occupied, 312
Ottomans in, 192, 193
Pullman cars in, 23
World War II in, 291
Evliya Çelebi, xv, 142–43, 151
Eyüp (neighborhood), 61, 135, 143
ezan, 187–88
feminism, feminists, 155
Muslim, 213, 216, 375
Ottoman, 146
Feriha Tevfik, 257–58
ferries, 17–18, 30, 53, 136
Feustel, Hans Walter (travel agent), 297
fez, banning of, 181, 201, 263
Filov, Bogdan, 299
fires, 19–22, 26–27, 49, 137, 163
Florya, 99–100, 117, 292
Foreign Affairs Ministry, Turkish, 335, 339, 354, 363
Foreign Office, British, 312–13
Fossati, Gaspare and Giuseppe, 270–71, 275, 278–79
Fox-Pitt, Billy, 82, 105, 115, 156
France, French, 24, 32, 39, 52, 64, 95, 108, 117, 141, 150, 156, 214, 237, 243–44, 255, 258, 288, 333, 355, 364
in occupation of Istanbul, 40–42, 50–52, 66, 69, 74–76, 115, 136, 148, 244
in Ottoman demise, 55, 75, 77–79, 290
refugees in Istanbul aided by, 91–92
republican tradition of, 183, 186–87
Turkey’s relations with, 294
in World War I, 35–40, 71, 94
Franchet d’Espèrey, Louis, 42, 58
Franco, Francisco, 250, 292
Frenc, David and Israel, 321, 323
French language, 49, 118, 161, 162, 240, 350
Furlong, Charles, 65–66
Fyodorov, Georgy, 104
Galata (neighborhood), 42, 49, 115, 118, 140, 297, 373
Galata Bridge, 30, 103, 192, 205, 218
Galatasaray Lycée, 8, 222, 288
Galata Tower, 49, 104, 300
Gallipoli:
battle of, 36–37, 52, 53, 222
refugee camp at, 97, 117
Garbo, Greta, 159
Garden Bar, 5, 136–37, 375
Gare de l’Est, 22
Geffner, Emanuel, 321, 323
General Kornilov, 95
George V, king of England, 51, 84
Georgia, 98–102, 117, 226
German Consulate, 297, 318
German Embassy, 313
German language, 296, 297, 310, 323
Germany, Germans, 24, 42, 45, 76, 78, 102, 108, 114, 117, 144, 237, 240, 243, 256, 323
Anschluss and, 297
armed interventions by, 32
armistice signed by, 40
bombings by, 299
films from, 156
intelligence services of, 310–11
in Istanbul, 4, 297–98, 308, 318–19, 363
Jews-for-goods exchange and, 357–58
Jews prohibited from leaving by, 320
military advisors to Ottomans from, 32, 35, 70, 298
Ottoman alliance with, 35, 55
refugees from, 295–96
Soviet Union and, 289, 303, 306, 340
transfer of Jews to killing sites by, 338
Turkey’s relations with, 256, 290, 294, 298, 306, 363
in World War I, 35, 39, 70, 290
in World War II, 289–90
Gesarian, Aram and Vahram, 171, 333–34
Gezi Park, 196
Gibbon, Edward, 274
Gibraltar, 115
Giz, Selahattin, 7–9, 9, 162, 178
Glorya cinema, 156–57, 159
Goebbels, Joseph, 266, 285–86, 289, 290, 369
Goeben, 35
Gökalp, Ziya, 190, 210
Gökçen, Sabiha, 186
Golden Horn, 12, 14, 15, 20, 21, 26, 27, 42, 44, 49, 59, 60, 61, 68, 105, 136, 137, 143, 145, 151, 152, 195, 203, 267, 300, 349, 350
Goldin, Joseph, 323, 331
Gottschalk, Walter, 296
Gramophone Company, 170
Grand Bazaar, 19, 21, 49, 103, 150, 195, 286, 297, 309, 334
Grand Cercle Moscovite restaurant, 105, 117, 173, 375
Grande Rue (Independence Avenue; stiklâl), 3, 6, 14, 20, 26–27, 31, 37, 42, 74, 97, 98, 103, 116, 118, 141, 149, 155, 156, 160, 166, 187, 192, 195, 196, 208, 220, 276, 288, 297, 318, 331, 372, 373, 375, 377
Grand National Assembly, Turkish, 75, 84–85, 114, 124, 185, 262, 276
Adnan as president of, 213
Atatürk named by, 291–92
Democratic Party in, 370–71
Halide Edip in, 215
head of state selected by, 293–94
independence tribunals of, 227
monarchy abolished by, 85, 115
new caliph named by, 87, 180
troops of, 82
women in, 202
Graveyard Street (Kabristan), 25–27, 103, 129, 135, 149, 245, 300; see also Merutiyet (Constitution) Avenue
Great Depression, 248
Greece, ancient, 274–75
Greece (Hellenic state), 7, 9, 79, 108, 119, 222, 247, 290, 371–72
beauty contests and Turkish rivalry with, 258, 267
designs on Ottoman territory of, 77–79, 119, 211
exchange of minorities with Turkey in, 121–23
Greek refugees in, 120–21
Muslim refugees from, 8, 91, 123, 136, 157, 162, 170, 171, 190, 205, 221–22, 375
in occupation of Istanbul, 40–42, 50, 76
in Ottoman empire, 70, 77
PAOK soccer team in, 123
rapprochement between Turkey and, 277
revolt against Ottoman rule by, 70–71
Salonica taken over by, 7–8, 163, 222, 224
territory ceded to, 75, 76
Turkish battle against, 78–80, 84–87, 115, 120
in World War I, 35–36, 39, 64, 70–72, 113
in World War II, 303, 307, 336
Greek army (Hellenic army), 64, 73, 77, 91, 118, 171, 211, 294
in battle of nönü, 78–79
withdrawals by, 79–82
Greek language, 61, 69, 71, 118, 122, 240, 275
Greek Orthodox Church, 9, 59, 69–70, 118, 179, 187, 269, 277, 280, 351
patriarch of, 70, 119–20, 126
Greek Powder and Cartridge Company, 128
Greeks, ancient, as early colonists in Istanbul, 15, 59
Greeks (ethnic):
Allied occupation and, 41, 64–65, 75, 119
definition of, xiii
diaspora of, 80, 120–23, 127, 162–64, 171, 374
divisions among Istanbul’s, 119–20
economic marginalization in Turkey of, 121–31, 194, 277, 333, 334, 365
economic power in Istanbul of, 27, 44, 119, 121, 124
in Istanbul, 8, 17, 31, 32, 49, 51, 58–59, 61–62, 64, 70, 81, 122–24, 142, 149, 179, 184, 191, 194, 207, 240, 277, 283, 301, 375
in Smyrna, 80
in Turkey, 80, 120–23
Greeks (Hellenes), xiii, 70–72, 80, 152, 244
Gritchenko, Alexis, 138
Guernica, 186
Guide Bleu, 26, 179–80
Guth, Fritz, 365
György, Andrea, 357
Haganah, 330
Hagia Eirene, 267
Hagia Sophia, 18, 21, 189, 195, 256, 268–86, 310
Deesis in, 280, 281–84
mosaics of, 270–71, 277–80
as museum, 285
Haidar, Musbah, 41
Haifa, 321, 324, 339, 341
Halide Edip, 33, 206–16, 255, 259, 263, 305, 375
Halil Bey (parliamentarian), 276, 279
Halis Bey (father of Keriman Halis), 259–60, 262
hamals (porters), 103, 108, 155
Hampshire Regiment, British, 92
hans (commercial houses), 50
Haralambos (friend of Trotsky), 240
Harbin, 248–49
Harbiye (neighborhood), 349–51
harem:
foreign fascination with, 145–46, 201
Ottoman imperial, 134, 145–47
Harington, Charles “Tim,” 78, 81–83, 85–86, 91–92, 96, 115, 148, 213, 349
Haydarpaa station, 18, 53, 118, 219, 360–62
Hayırsızada, 238
Hebrew language, 331
Heimatlose (legally homeless), 296
Hellenes:
definition of, xiii
see also Greeks (Hellenes)
Hemingway, Ernest, 4–5, 80, 127, 135–36, 150
Herbert, Aubrey, 20
Herodotus, 15
Herzog, Isaac (chief rabbi of Jerusalem), 352, 355
Heybeliada, 222, 229
Hikmet Bey (father of Nâzım Hikmet), 221–22
Hindemith, Paul, 168
Hirschmann, Ira, 319, 324–29, 332, 335–37, 339, 341, 345, 357–61, 364
Hissar Players, 51
Hitler, Adolf, 256, 286, 290, 294, 303, 307, 313, 339, 348, 352, 356, 359
HMV (His Master’s Voice), 170–72
Holocaust, 326, 330, 356–57, 359, 364
Hôtel de Londres, 26, 127
Human Landscapes from My Country (Nâzım Hikmet), 219–20, 229, 231
Hungary, Hungarians, 102, 117, 257
in Istanbul, 308
Jewish refugees from, 326, 335, 339, 357–59, 363
Jews-for-goods exchange and, 357–59
Jews persecuted in, 355–57
neada, 362
Ilyich, 236
Imperial Ottoman Bank, 37
nan, Afet, 205–6
India, 37, 51, 214
Industrial Revolution, 194
nönü, battle of, 78–79, 82
nönü, smet (smet Pasha), 120, 196, 262, 294, 306, 370–71
pekçi brothers, 157, 220
pek Film, 157
Iran, 192
Iraq, 118
Iron Duke, 51, 82
Islam, 6, 9, 17, 26
alcohol and, 143
caliph’s role in, see caliph
call to prayer in, 20, 187–89
images supposedly prohibited by, 270, 278
Istanbul’s place in, 10, 180–81
propriety and morality in, 151, 152, 182–83, 186
sharia law in, 181, 186
Shi’a, 187
Sunni, 187
Turkish disestablishment of, 181, 277
see also Muslims
Islamic art, 273
Islamic imperialism, 189–90
Islamophobia, 78
smet Bey, 78, 82–83; see also nönü, smet
smet Pasha, see nönü, smet
Israel, 364
Istanbul, 4, 5, 41, 44, 48, 57, 77, 119, 163, 164, 211, 212, 223, 276, 354, 372, 376–77
academic refugees in, 293–94
Allied occupation of, 40–45, 49–57, 62–66, 74–77
Armenians in, 91
Atatürk in, 72, 292
battle lines not far from, 34
British officials evacuated to, 299
changing landscape of, 21, 26–27, 195–97
civilian refugees in, 44
civil society of, 272
as democratizing, 158
departure of non-Muslims from, 119
dining in, 143–44
earthquakes in, 18–19
economy of, 52, 62, 114, 130
espionage in, 32–33, 102, 239, 244–47, 249, 295, 298, 304–14
European luxury goods in, 31
fires in, 19–22, 26–27, 49
foreign subjects in, 58, 63–66
geography of, 15
Germans in, 297–98
as global city, 9–10
Greek designs on, 71, 77–78
Greek legacy of, 277, 278
Greeks in, 8, 17, 31, 32, 49, 51, 58–59, 61–62, 64, 70, 81, 121, 122–24, 142, 149, 179, 184, 191, 194, 207, 240, 277, 283, 301, 375
historic areas of, 276–77
hüzün of, 5
immigrants to, 308
as island of outcasts and the self-made, 5
Jewish refugees and, 320–24, 326, 329–39, 349–65
Jews of, 321
keeping to one’s own sphere in, 61–62
Kemalism vs., 189–90
keyif of, 5
languages of, 118
mahalles (neighborhoods) of, 61–62
modernization of, 195–97
mood of hopelessness and resignation in, 5
as multicultural, 60–61, 118–19, 130, 149, 152
as Muslim empire, 41
as Muslim and modern, 5
Muslim refugees to, 32, 43, 49–50
names for, 13
national census in, 192
nationalist condemnation of, 152
navigating, 17–18
neighborhoods of, 60–61
nightlife in, 90, 135–52, 139, 178, 196
noise in, 135–36, 155–56
non-Muslim minorities in, 49, 51, 58
occupation of, 290
as Ottoman capital, 31
Ottoman conquest of, 13, 16, 21, 187
pandemonium of daily life in, 118
popular culture of, 62
population of, 9, 45, 57–58, 92, 96, 113, 129, 136, 192–93, 194
public parks in, 25
railway service to, 25
railway terminus of, 14–15
refugees in, 91–110, 147
sea approach to, 13–14
seven hills of, 20, 60
as sitting on two continents, 18
skyline of, 195, 197
suburbs of, 9
Trotsky in, 235–44
Unionist troops in, 34
use of name, xiii
Western immigrants to, 6–8, 10
and West’s image of the Islamic world, 6
women’s rights movement in, 204
in World War I, 35, 39
in World War II, 303
see also specific subject entries
Istanbul University, 215, 296
Italian language, 350
Italian Riviera, 87
Italy, Italians, 18, 76, 108, 243, 272, 316, 350
films from, 156
Jewish refugees from, 352
in occupation of Istanbul, 40–42, 50–51, 115, 136, 244
in Ottoman demise, 77–78
in trade with Byzantine Empire, 49
Tripolitania annexed by, 34, 53
Turkey and, 286
withdrawal of troops from Anatolia by, 79
in World War I, 71
in World War II, 289, 307
Izmir, 193, 337
see also Smyrna
Jacquart, Camille, 192–93
Jale, Afife, 167–68
janissaries, 19
Japan, 76, 208, 246, 279, 318–19
jazz, 7, 137, 151, 154, 166, 170, 172, 173
Jerusalem, 314, 323, 327, 340, 352, 355
Jewish Agency for Palestine, 321–23, 331, 336–38, 348–49, 355, 358–61
Immigration Department of, 330, 364
Jews, 8, 13, 31, 49, 50, 61, 62, 118, 124, 136, 164, 179, 207, 229, 247–48, 251–52, 297, 301, 374–75
Ashkenazi, 63
in Balat, 61
in Byzantine era, 60
chief rabbi of, 10, 59
departure from Istanbul of, 364–65
economic marginalization of, 121–31, 152, 333–34, 365
evacuation from occupied Europe of, 319–41, 344, 345–65
Final Solution as threat to, 326, 330, 359
immigration quotas for, 330
Istanbul as haven from antisemitism for, 60, 295–96
in Istanbul population, 58–59, 60
rabbinical decisions and, 181
Roza Eskenazi as, 162–63
Sabbath of, 61
in Salonica, 162–63
Sephardic, 7, 60, 63, 364
taxes on, 58
Tokatlian Hotel boycotted by, 297, 317
Turkish, 336
Turkish citizenship and, 333
violence against, 185–86
women, 203
John XXIII, Pope (Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli), 353–55, 358–60, 364
Joint Chiefs of Staff, US, 117
Justinian I, emperor, 14–15, 268, 285
Kadıköy (neighborhood), 220, 376
Kadınlar Dünyası (Women’s World), 204
kadıs (judges), Muslim, 147
Kaıthane (neighborhood), 61, 135
Kalis, Erich (bookseller), 297
Kapps, Andres (bookseller), 297
Karabekir, Kâzım, 79
Karagöz, 156
Karantinos, Mr. (Pera Palace manager), 301, 377
Kariye mosque, see Church of the Holy Savior in Chora
Karpich’s restaurant, 141
Kazakhstan, 235–36, 240
Kazbek, 360, 363
Kemalist army, 82, 211, 223, 294
in battle of nönü, 79, 82
see also Turkish army
Kemalist revolution, 184, 305
Kemalists, Kemalism, 73–75, 77, 78–79, 81, 83, 91, 116, 118–19, 181–83, 189–90, 191, 197, 203, 206, 223, 226, 229, 230, 256, 263, 369, 370–71, 372
armed uprisings against, 186
authoritarian tendencies of, 225
five-year plan of, 224–25
history rewritten by, 184, 214–15
homogenizing ideology of, 220