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Index
Acoustic hunting by owls, 257
Action potential, 83, 234, 275
Adamites, 119
Adams, Lytle, 254
Adrian, E. D., 1, 275
Aesclepeia, 30, 33
Aesclepius, 30, 33
Aesthetics, 144, 146, 149, 151
Africa, 6, 8, 17–20, 122
Aggasiz, Alexander, 194
Agnosia, 270, 272
Akakhievitch, Akakhi, 264–266
Alborta, Freddy, 176
Alcamaeon of Croton, 26–29, 37, 53, 55, 57
Alexander the Great, 27
Alexandrian anatomists, 26–30, 33, 37, 82
Alhazen (Ibn al-Haytham), 56–57, 60, 70, 72
Alternative medicine, 18–19
Altman, Joseph, 180
backgtound of, 230, 232, 237, 240–242
Kaplan’s confirmation and, 232–233
neurogenesis and, 229–242
papers of, 230, 232
Rakic and, 232–233
vindication of, 233–235
Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Joan Deijman (Rembrandt), 161, 168–171, 174
Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp (Rembrandt), 166–168, 171–172, 174
Anatomy lessons
art and, 161, 163, 166–174
Deijman and, 168–172
gender and, 166
God and, 166
natural history cabinets and, 166
Surgeons Guild and, 163, 166
as theater, 161, 163
Tulp and, 166–168, 171–174
Anatomy of Melancholy (Burton), 16, 126
Anatomy of the Brain (Willis), 84
Anesthesia
animal experiments and, 78, 185
morphine and, 78
trepanation and, 12, 18, 20, 22n19
Animal electricity, 83
Animal Minds (Griffin), 260
Animals
anesthesia and, 78, 185
apes, 11, 36, 48n16, 137, 172
association cortex and, 272
atrophic degeneration method and, 203–204
bats, 180, 247, 249, 251–257
beaver communication, 257
bee dancing, 256–257
behaviorism and, 102, 180, 196–197, 252, 256–260
Bernard experiments and, 188
bird navigation, 253, 256
cats, 102, 107, 185, 190, 273
cerebral cortex and, 86
cognitive ethology and, 257–260
conditioned reflex and, 268
Cruelty to Animals Act and, 99–100
deformation phosphenes and, 60
dogs, 38, 78, 86, 90, 97, 97, 99, 102, 106–108, 185, 190, 204, 214–215, 221
echolocation and, 247, 253, 255–256, 261
electrical stimulation and, 78 (see also Electrical stimulation) emotion and, 258–259
exotic, 172
face-selective cells and, 272–274, 276– 279
Ferrier studies and, 98, 100, 102, 105– 106, 108–111
fish, 78, 82, 135, 194, 203, 205, 209– 210, 220, 224, 226n17, 256
Fritsch-Hitzig experiments and, 78–80, 97–98, 105–111
Galen and, 36–44, 46
grandmother cells and, 266, 272–274, 278–279
habits and, 102
homing and, 253–254, 256
inferior temporal (IT) cortex and, 272– 274
localized centers and, 78, 97, 102, 105 (see also Localization)
Magendie experiments and, 185
mirror images and, 137, 139
monkeys, 8, 38, 46, 98–102, 105–108, 111, 135, 137, 155, 232–233, 260, 270–279
neurogenesis and, 230–235
optic thalamus and, 202–223, 226n20
ox brain, 35–36, 46
Panizza experiments and, 203–225
phrenology and, 93
pneuma principle and, 35
rabbits, 98, 102, 106, 185, 188, 214–215, 221
squealing pig demonstration, 38–41
visual cortex and, 203–225
vivisection and, 36, 99–100, 185–186
von Haller and, 89
Animal Thinking (Griffin), 260
Anterior cortex, 80
Anterior lobes, 205, 207–210, 220
Anthropological Society of Paris, 5
Arabs
extramission theories and, 56–57
love poetry and, 65
translations and, 32, 70, 46–47, 48n16
trepanation and, 8
Area centralis, 78
Aretaeus the Cappadocian, 16
Aristotle, 28
brain as cooling organ, 84
cardiocentric view and, 27–29
Creator and, 41–42
Erasistratus and, 27
impetus theory and, 69
intromission theories and, 55–56
phosphenes and, 57
teleology of, 41–42
Armamentarium Chirugicum (Scultetus), 129
Arnolfini Wedding (Van Eyck), 72
Art, 45. See also specific artist
aesthetics and, 144, 146, 149, 151
anatomy lessons and, 161, 163, 166–174
beauty and, 205
Calvinism and, 161
cultural bias and, 147, 149, 151
eyes and, 70, 72
glance curve and, 149, 151
group portraits and, 161
guilds and, 161
historical paintings and, 161
mirror images and, 117, 144–156, 158n35
patronage of, 161
Perspectivism and, 72
portrait orientation and, 147–149
profile orientation and, 147, 149
psychosurgery and, 117, 119–129
spatial asymmetries and, 144–156
Arthur de Bretagne (Bernard), 185, 193
Association cortex, 272
Astrocytes, 235
Atomists, 55
Atrophic degeneration method, 203–204
Autoradiography, 230, 233
Avicenna (Ibn Sina), 46–47, 56
Barcroft, J., 195, 198
Barlow, Horace, 264, 266
Bat Bomb project, 254–255
Bayliss, William, 195
Beale, I. L., 136–137, 139, 141
Bee dancing, 256–257
Behaviorism
animals and, 102, 180, 196–197, 252, 256–260
cognitive ethology and, 257–260
Bell, Charles, 186
Bell-Magendie law, 36, 186
Bergama, 30
Berger, John, 168
Bern, 89
Bernard, Claude, 99, 238
background of, 183, 185
Darwinism and, 194
determinism and, 186
fame of, 191–193
influence of, 190
internal environment and, 179, 183, 193–198
Magendie and, 185–186
major work of, 183–190
Martin and, 190
play of, 185, 193
Raffalovich and, 190–191
vitalism and, 190
Bernstein, Julius, 83
Bert, Paul, 188, 195
Biological determinism, 186
‘‘Biological Foundations for Perception and Knowledge’’ (Lettvin), 264
Bird navigation, 253, 256
Blakemore, Co
lin, 264
Blood
brain and, 84
cardiocentric view and, 27
intracerebral pressure and, 11
natural spirits and, 35
pneuma principle and, 35
rete mirabile and, 35
stagnant, 11
Bodleian library, 32
Book of Monsters, 172
Book of Optics (De Aspectibus) (Alhazen), 56, 60, 72
Bornstein, Marc H., 117, 131–159
Bosch, Hieronymus, 17, 117
contemporary medical practice and, 126, 129
interpreting, 119–122
religion and, 119
stone operations and, 119–122, 126, 129
Boston Museum of Natural History, 248
Bouillaud, Jean-Baptiste, 202
Brain. See also specific region
asymmetries of, 136–137, 146–147, 149, 151
autoradiography and, 230, 233
cardiocentric view and, 27–29
cognitive function and, 84–87
as composed of blood vessels, 84
as cooling organ, 84
electrical stimulation and, 77–83, 89, 96–98, 102, 106, 108–112
emotion and, 1, 27, 90
encephalocentric view and, 25–26
Galen and, 29–47
as glandular organ, 83–84
grandmother cells and, 263–281
Hippocratic school and, 84
Ideologues and, 185
intellect and, 25
internal environment and, 193–198
localization studies and, 5–6, 46, 77–78, 89–90, 93–95, 99–103, 107, 110, 158n20, 201–204
memory and, 26, 46, 84, 86, 90, 136– 139, 142, 230, 236, 240, 256, 258, 268, 281
mirror images and, 131–156
motor skills and, 46
neurogenesis and, 229–242
phlegm and, 84
phrenology and, 89–96, 202
pneuma principle and, 35
rete mirabile and, 35
sensation and, 26–27, 36–40, 46–47, 53, 88, 264, 272–274, 277–281
spinal cord and, 36, 37
Stoics and, 28–29
tripartite soul and, 28
Brain, Vision, Memory: Tales in the History of Neuroscience (Gross), vii, 88, 180, 238
British Medical Journal, 20
Broca, Paul, 179
Panizza and, 201
phrenology and, 95–96
trepanation and, 5–6, 8, 21n4
Broca’s area, 5, 95–96
Brothers Karamazov (Dostoyevsky), 192
Brown, Norman O., 120