gateway to the Indian Ocean, 59
Grand Trunk Road, 53
Gwadar port, 46, 59, 61–2, 63, 64, 99–100, 101, 105–7, 117
hydropower, 48
IMF loans, 156–7
India, relations with, 105–7, 108–9, 117, 134
investment, 48
Jadhav arrest (2016), 105–6
Karakoram Highway, 54, 60, 64
Kashmir dispute, 108–9
loans, 46, 54, 156–8
manufacturing, 99
safe city project, 101
Tehreek-e-Insaf, 157–8
television, 101
terrorism, 106, 127–8, 135
textiles, 100
Thar desert, 61
value chains, 98–102
Pakistan-East Africa Cable
Express, 101
Pandjaitan, Luhut, 131
Panikkar, Kavalam Madhava, 118
Pantucci, Raffaello, 134
Partnership for Quality Infrastructure, 137–8
patents, 88–9, 190
Pavlodar, Kazakhstan, 103
Peak Pegasus, 93
Pearl River Delta, China, 152
Peking University, 183, 188
Penang, Malaysia, 63
People’s Daily, 57
People’s Liberation Army (PLA), 32, 169
People’s Navigation Company, 69
Pericles, 8
Persian Gulf, 51, 64, 72
Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 100
petcoke, 103
Petrochina, 103
pharmaceuticals, 113, 114
Phaya Thai Station, Bangkok, 137
Philippines, 19, 70, 117, 122, 156
philosophy, 40, 183
Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 70
phosphate, 19
piracy, 72
Piraeus, Greece, 65
Pirelli, 48
Plato, 150
Poland, 58, 140
Polar Silk Road, 66
Politburo, 39, 40, 165
political correctness, 182
Polo, Marco, 2, 10
Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka, 156
Pompeo, Michael, 122–3, 157
ports, 9, 10, 12, 19, 36, 40, 46–7, 57, 63–5, 67–9, 96
Chabahar, Iran, 106–7
Doraleh, Djibouti, 63, 67–8
Gwadar, Pakistan, 46, 59, 61–2, 63, 64, 99–100, 101, 117
Hambantota, Sri Lanka, 46–7, 63, 64, 68, 117, 162
Kuala Linggi, Malaysia, 63
Kuantan, Malaysia, 63, 67
Kyaukpyu, Myanmar, 63, 64, 132, 154
Mediterranean, 65
Mombasa, Kenya, 138
Nacala, Mozambique, 138
Penang, Malaysia, 63
Ports-Park-City model, 67
Portugal, 2, 3, 5, 140, 163
power, see energy
Prince, Erik, 128–9
property bubbles, 75
protectionism, 102, 114
public procurement, 12, 59
Punjab, Pakistan, 60, 99, 100, 157
Putin, Vladimir, 3, 57
Pyrenees, 189
Qing Empire (1636–1912), 107, 178
Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, 121–2
Qualcomm, 89
Quetta, Balochistan, 128
Raikot, Gilgit-Baltistan, 54
railways, 9–10, 11, 12, 18, 43, 52, 53–4, 57, 68, 83, 86, 89, 98, 100, 135
Addis Ababa–Djibouti, 46, 68
Bangkok–Chiang Mai, 137
Belgrade–Budapest, 143
Djibouti–Yaoundé, 68, 186–7
Islamabad–Gwadar, 60
Kashgar–Andijan, 54
Kuala Lumpur–Singapore, 130
Lahore overhead, 157
Mumbai–Ahmedabad, 138
United States, 122
Yunnan–Southeast Asia, 54
Rawat, Bipin, 108
RB Eden, 92
real estate market, 16, 75
reciprocity, 178–80
Red Sea, 72
reform and opening up, 13–15, 73
Ren Zhengfei, 90
Renaissance, 7
renewable energy, 21, 187, 188
Renmin University, 106
renminbi, 22–3, 159
Rennie, David, 190
Republic (Plato), 150
Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), 105–6
responsible stakeholder, 169
Rio Tinto, 36
Road Towards Renewal exhibition (2012), 165
Road, see Maritime Silk Road
roads, 9, 19, 40, 43, 52, 54, 55, 57, 67, 107–8
robotics, 75, 88, 90
Rolland, Nadège, 188, 190
Ross, Wilbur, 92
Rotterdam, South Holland, 65
Ruan Zongze, 92
rule of law, 28, 109, 111, 183–4
Russia, 5, 51, 52, 55, 133, 134, 139, 174, 175–6, 180, 181
and Central Asia, 57–9, 129, 133
energy, 22, 23
Eurasian Economic Union, 57–9
Eurasianism, 3–4
Joint Statement on Cooperation on EEU and Silk Road Projects (2015), 57–8
Pacific Fleet, 118
and renminbi internationalization, 23
Soviet era, see under Soviet Union
steel industry, 82
Ukraine crisis (2013–), 176
Western values, rejection of, 175, 180, 181
Yamal LNG project, 48, 66
Sabang, Indonesia, 131
safe cities, 101, 171
salt, 67, 71
San Francisco, California, 151–2
Saravan, Sistan-Baluchistan, 105
Sargsyan, Tigran, 59
Sassanian Empire (224–651), 4
satellites, 187
second unbundling, 74
Second World War (1939–45), 165
self-driving vehicles, 88, 90, 186, 187, 190
Serbia, 83, 143
Set Aung, U, 132
Shandong University, 163
Shanghai, China, 2, 20, 92
Shanghai Cooperation Organization, 136
Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical, 113
Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, 16
Shanghai Stock Exchange, 50, 56, 103
Sharif, Nawaz, 133–4
sharp power, 170
sheet glass, 17, 83
Shenwan Hongyuan Securities, 16
Shenzhen, Guangdong, 28, 151
shipbuilding, 14, 17, 81, 186
Sichuan, China, 149
Siemens, 170
silicon dioxide, 103
Siliguri Corridor, India, 107–8
Silk Road, 2, 9–10, 23–6, 45, 53, 82, 138
Silk Road Economic Belt, 24, 25–6, 28, 39, 51–62, 83
Silk Road Fund, 48, 56, 98
silk, 23–4
Sindh, Pakistan, 59, 60, 99, 100, 101, 105, 106, 127
Singapore, 54, 77, 92, 119, 130, 150, 151, 160
Sino–Myanmar oil and gas pipeline, 64, 72
Sino–US relations, 116, 119, 121–6, 136, 179–80
and Belt and Road, 5–6, 11, 12, 15, 72, 121–4, 130, 136, 168
and Cold War, 14
and foreign exchange reserves, 16
and Indo-Pacific, 116, 119, 121–3, 125, 126
and Kra Isthmus canal proposal, 65
and Malacca Dilemma, 21–2, 64
and maritime hegemony, 70, 72
and Most Favored Nation status, 15
and Pakistan, 157
and reciprocity, 179–80
and reform and opening up, 14–15
and renminbi internationalization, 23
and South China Sea, 70
and steel, 17
Strategic and Economic Dialogue, 39
and Taiwan, 14
and tariffs, 83, 90–94
and technology transfers, 90–92, 178
Thucydides’ trap, 8
and trade deficit, 90, 92
trade war, 92–4, 173
war, potential for, 5, 8, 13, 14
Yangtze River patrols (1854–1937), 165
and ZTE, 94
Sirisena, Maithripala, 155–6
Sistan-Baluchistan, Iran, 105, 106–7
SLJ900/32, 54
Small, Andrew, 59, 158
smart cities, 44, 151–2
Smederevo, Serbia, 83
soft power, 111, 170
solar power, 187, 188
Somalia, 72
Somersault Cloud, 186
sorghum, 92
South Africa, 101
South America, 25, 187, 188
South China Sea, 21, 62, 65, 69–71, 118, 142, 170, 179
South Korea, 1, 77, 96, 97, 128
South Sudan, 186
Southeast Asia, 6, 8, 12, 18, 100, 131–2, 189
Buddhism, 111
China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor, 51, 52, 54, 62
Indo–Chinese relations, 113, 117–18
Kra Isthmus canal proposal, 65, 186
Maritime Silk Road, 26
phosphate market, 19
South China Sea dispute, 21, 69–71, 142, 170, 179
textile industry, 100
Soviet Union, 1, 13, 14, 15, 21–2, 57, 104
soybeans, 90, 93
space travel, 187
Spain, 92, 140, 189
Sparta, 8
Sri Lanka, 12, 46–7, 63, 64, 68, 89, 117, 134, 155–6, 162
Hambantota port, 46–7, 63, 64, 68, 117, 162
Sirisena’s grant announcement (2018), 156
standards, 89–90
State Administration of Foreign Exchange, 48
State Council, 19, 39, 40, 49, 66, 86
state-owned companies, 42, 153, 160–61, 189
steamships, 69
steel industry, 16–17, 18, 20, 67, 82–4, 86, 88
striving for achievement, 18
Stuenkel, Oliver, 167
subprime mortgage crisis (2007–10), 153
Suez Canal, 3, 66, 68, 72, 119
Suifenhe Port, Heilongjiang, 55
Sukkur, Sindh, 99, 101
Sulawesi, Indonesia, 83
Sumatra, Indonesia, 3
Sun Pharmaceuticals, 114
Sun Wenguang, 163
Surkov, Vladislav, 3–4
surveillance, 44, 101, 171, 187, 190
Suvarnabhumi Airport, Bangkok, 137
Swamy, Subramanian, 110
Swaraj, Sushma, 135
Switzerland, 160, 168
Syria, 24
Tadjoura gulf, Djibouti, 67
taikonauts, 187
Taiwan, 14, 142
Tajikistan, 48, 127
Tanjung Pelepas Johor, 150
Tanzania, 138
tao guang yang hui, 15, 18, 32
Taoism, 11, 51
tariffs, 17, 56, 58, 79, 82, 83, 179
Tawang Monastery, Arunachal Pradesh, 111
tax holidays, 61
TBM Slurry, 54
technology transfers, 85–92, 97, 118, 177–8
Tehreek-e-Insaf, 157–8
telecommunications, 43–4, 52, 86, 89–90, 98, 101, 170–71
television, 101
terrorism, 106, 127–9, 135, 171
Texas, United States, 92
textiles, 86, 100–101
Thailand, 18, 54, 65, 83, 89, 129, 132, 136–7, 186
Thakot, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 54
Thar desert, 61
Thein Sein, 132
Thilawa special economic zone, Myanmar, 138
throw-money diplomacy, 163
Thucydides’ trap, 8
Tianjin, China, 129
Tianxia, 26–7, 29, 31–5, 78, 79, 192–3
Tibet, 36, 111–12, 117, 136, 189
Tibetan Academy of Buddhism, 112
Tillerson, Rex, 11, 123, 125
timber, 96
Times of India, 109
Tinbergen, Jan, 20
TIR (Transports Internationaux Routiers) Convention, 55
titanium dioxide, 103
Tokyo, Japan, 137
Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel, 1
tourism, 10, 11, 61, 71
trade wars, 92–4, 113–14, 173
trains, 9–10, 11, 12, 18, 43, 46
Trans-Siberian railway, 10
Transatlantic trade, 3, 139
transnational industrial policy, 81, 84
Transpacific trade, 3, 139
transparency, 12, 28, 109, 143, 144, 146, 157, 173, 193
Transpolar Route, 66
transportation, 9–10, 19, 25–6, 48–9, 52–4, 63–4, 81–3, 99, 103, 104, 118, 143, 162, 186
maritime, 63
railways, see railways
roads, 9, 19, 40, 43, 52, 54, 55, 57, 67, 107–8
tributary system, 34–5
Trieste, Italy, 65
Trump, Donald, 83, 91, 93, 122, 124, 167, 179
Tsinghua University, 76, 163
Tsingshan Group Holdings, 83
Tumshuq, Xinjiang, 60
Turkey, 4, 24, 65, 82
Turkmenistan, 186
Twitter, 188
‘two heads abroad’ (liangtou zai haiwai), 17
Ukraine, 11, 82, 176
United Arab Emirates, 62, 68, 160
United Kingdom, 2, 3, 17, 43, 65, 107, 112, 160, 165, 189, 193
United Nations, 29, 55, 72, 142, 172
United States, 1–2, 5–7, 8, 11, 12, 121–6, 161, 166–9, 176, 185–6
Apollo program, 9
Bush administration (2001–9), 169
Camp Lemonnier Djibouti, 68
China, relations with, see Sino–US relations
Clinton administration (1992–2001), 177
Cold War, 14
immigration, 187
India, relations with, 119, 121–2, 134, 135
industrial output per person, 193
and International Monetary Fund (IMF), 157
Marshall Plan, 40
midterm elections (2018), 12–13
National Defense Strategy (2018), 116
National Security Strategy (2017), 179–80
Pacific Command, 125–6
Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, 121–2
Senate Armed Services Committee, 124
State Department, 123–4
steel industry, 17
subprime mortgage crisis (2007–10), 153
Taiwan, relations with, 14
Trump administration (2017–), 83, 90–94, 122–4, 167, 179
universal values, 175, 181, 184
Urdu, 128
Urumqi, Xinjiang, 20, 101, 188
Uyghurs, 20
Uzbekistan, 53, 54, 129
value chains, 3, 43, 64, 73–4, 79–82, 84–5, 94–104, 141
vanadium pentoxide, 103
Venice, Veneto, 65
Vietnam, 19, 54, 70, 100, 117, 132
Vision and Actions document (2015), 40, 41, 45, 49, 50, 52, 67, 78
Vision for Maritime Cooperation (2017), 62
Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, 118
Wakhan corridor, Afghanistan, 128
Wallerstein, Immanuel, 78
Wang Changyu, 112
Wang Huning, 40
Wang Jisi, 31, 76
Wang Yang, 39
Wang Yi, 40, 60, 123
Wang Yingyao, 50–51
Wang Yiwei, 26
Wang Zhaoxing, 50
Warsaw, Poland, 140
Washington Post, 122
Wei Fenghe, 126
Weibo, 188
Weissmann, Mikael, 42
Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 83
West Asia corridor, 51, 52
West Germany (1949–90), 22, 166
Western world, 5, 30, 31, 165–86, 190–93
Asia-Pacific region, 13
Cold War, 1, 2
cultural imperialism, 28
democracy, 125, 133, 166, 171, 172, 174, 176, 181–3
end of history, 36
global financial crisis (2008), 16–17, 161
&nbs
p; individualism, 27, 189
liberal world order, 141, 144, 167–86, 190, 192
Machiavellianism, 31–4
market economies, 16
Marxism, 78
polis, 31
rule of law, 183
rules-based order, 11, 35, 179
separation of powers, 182
soft power, 111
standards, 89
technology, 15, 87, 177–8
telecommunications, 101
and Tianxia, 30–34, 78, 192
value chains, 95, 96, 100, 104
values, 123, 125, 133, 167, 175, 177–8
white elephants, 51
Wickremesinghe, Ranil, 47
win-win, 27–8, 33, 37
wind power, 188
Witness to an Era (Moraes), 113
Working Conference on Neighborhood Policy (2013), 17–18
World Bank, 15, 172
World Economic Forum, 168
World Trade Organization, 170, 177
world-systems theory, 78
Wright, Thomas, 174
Xi Jinping, 11, 183
Astana speech (2013), 23, 25–6, 39
Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (2017), 152
Boao Forum for Asia speech (2015), 27, 32
and Constitution, 164
Davos speech (2017), 168
Duterte, relationship with, 156
Jakarta speech (2013), 23, 26, 39
Joint Statement on Cooperation on EEU and Silk Road Projects (2015), 57
London visit (2015), 43
Mahathir’s letter (2018), 130–31
Modi, summit with (2018), 135
National Congress, 19th (2017), 29, 181
National Cybersecurity Work Conference (2018), 84
presidential term limits repeal (2018), 164, 174
Road Towards Renewal exhibition (2012), 165
Sirisena, grant to (2018), 156
and state-owned companies, 42, 153
Sun Wenguang’s letter (2018), 163
telecommunications, 43
Trump’s visit (2017), 124
and value chains, 94
Wang Huning, relationship with, 40
and Western democracy, 166, 181
Working Conference on Neighborhood Policy (2013), 17–18
Xi’an, Shaanxi, 24, 28, 147, 188
Xinhua, 24, 41, 64
Xinjiang, 20, 54, 55, 56, 59, 60, 100–101, 128–9, 188, 189
Xiong Guangkai, 32
Xu Jin, 33
Xu Zhangrun, 163–4
Yamal LNG project, 48, 66
Yang Jian, 132
Yang Jiechi, 39, 171
Yang Jing, 40
Yangtze River, 165
Yao Yunzhu, 169–70
Ye Peijian, 187
yuan, see renminbi
Yunnan, China, 54, 129, 149, 188
Zeng Jinghan, 181
zero-sum, 27
Zhang Gaoli, 39
Zhang Qian, 25
Zhang Weiwei, 182–3, 184
Zhao Tingyang, 27
Zheng He, 162–3
Zhi Zhenfeng, 84
Zimbabwe, 12, 44
Zoellick, Robert, 169
ZTE, 94, 170–71
Zurich, Switzerland, 160
First published in the United Kingdom in 2018 by
C. Hurst US & Co. (Publishers) Ltd.,