economic corridors, 2, 11, 51–4, 55
economic nationalism, 102
economic policy coordination, 28
Economist, The, 190
Egypt, 101
electric cars, 81, 104
electricity, 40, 46, 49, 52, 61, 98, 156, 188
end of history, 36
energy, 4, 11, 17, 19, 20–23, 48, 49, 82, 86, 92, 188
electricity, 40, 46, 49, 52, 61, 98, 156, 188
gas, 21, 22, 40, 52, 64, 72, 106
hydropower, 48
oil, 21, 22, 23, 40, 52, 64, 72, 106
renewable, 21, 187, 188
English language, 111, 188
Enhanced Mobile Broadband coding scheme, 89
Enlightenment, 193
environmental sustainability, 75
Erenhot, Inner Mongolia, 55
Ethiopia, 46, 68, 154, 170, 186
Eurasia, 1–5, 11, 20, 26, 45, 52, 57, 63, 120, 121, 138
Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), 57–9
Eurasian Resources Group, 103
European Commission, 143, 145
European empires, 120–21
European Union (EU), 5, 29, 57, 58, 138–47, 159, 176, 179
and Belt and Road, 10, 12, 30, 138–47
Connecting Europe and Asia strategy (2018), 145–6
and Djibouti, 67
economic policy coordination, 28
5G mobile networks, 43
immigration, 187
steel industry, 17
tariffs, 83
technology transfers, 87–8, 178
transnational framework, 81
Turkey, relations with, 4
Export-Import Bank of China, 46, 47, 48, 49, 103, 154
exports, 15, 17, 19, 79
Facebook, 188
facial recognition, 44, 190
fashion industry, 101
fate, 34
Fergana Valley, 54
fertilizers, 19
fibre-optic connectivity, 101
fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, 43–4, 89
finance, 11, 36, 46–51, 54, 126, 138, 141, 153–64
Financial Times, 10, 63, 143, 154, 157, 158, 159
five-year plan (2016–20), 41
Folding Beijing (Hao), 150
food imports, 76
foreign direct investment, 46, 144–6
foreign exchange, 16, 94, 153
Forest City, Johor, 149–51, 155
France, 11, 96, 129, 141, 144, 146–7, 189
free and open order, 125
free-trade zones, 11, 42, 55–6, 71
freedoms of speech, 172, 189
French Foreign Legion, 129
French, Howard, 13
Frontier Services Group, 128–9
Fu Chen, 129
Fu Ying, 140
Fukuyama, Francis, 184–5
Gabon, 96
Gabriel, Sigmar, 142
Gang of Four, 14
Gants Mod crossing closure (2016), 36
gas, 21, 22, 40, 52, 64, 72, 106
General Navigation Office, 69
generic drugs, 114
Genghis Khan, 2, 25
Georgia, 58
Germany, 11, 65, 80, 87–8, 90, 100, 141–2, 144, 189
ghost ships, 186
Gibraltar, 92
Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, 54, 60, 108
Gland Pharma, 113
glass, 17, 83
Global Energy Interconnection, 188
global financial crisis (2008), 16–17, 85, 161, 178
Global Infrastructure Center, 190
Global Times, 67, 109, 131
global value chain revolution, 74
global warming, 4, 66, 85
globalization, 19, 28, 66, 78, 102, 124, 144, 168, 174, 192
‘Going Out’ strategy, 86
good governance, 183–4
Google, 152, 188
Goubet, Djibouti, 67
government procurement, 12, 59
Grand Palace, Bangkok, 65
Grand Trunk Road, 53
Greece, 30, 31, 65, 140, 141, 142
GSM (Global System for Mobile communications), 89
Guangdong, China, 28, 75, 151
Guangxi Beibu Gulf International Port Group, 67
Guangxi Nonferrous Metals Group, 16
Guiding Opinion on Promoting International Industrial Capacity (2015), 86
Guiding Opinion on Standardizing the Direction of Overseas Investment (2017), 86
Guo Chu, 33
Gwadar, Balochistan, 46, 59, 61–2, 63, 64, 99–100, 101, 105–7, 117
Hainan, China, 71
Hambantota, Sri Lanka, 46–7, 63, 64, 68, 117, 162
Hamburg, Germany, 65
Hamilton, Clive, 133
Han Empire (206 BC–220 AD), 25
Hao Jingfang, 150
‘harmonious world’, 33, 36
Havelian, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 54
He Yafei, 19, 168
Hebei, China, 83
Heilongjiang, China, 55
Hesteel, 83
high-speed railways, 18, 53–4, 83, 89, 98, 122, 130, 137, 138, 143, 186–7
highways, see roads
Hillman, Jonathan, 8
Hobbes, Thomas, 27
Holslag, Jonathan, 189
Hong Kong, 49, 103
Hongshi Holding Group, 49
Horgos, Xinjiang, 55, 55–6, 57
Horn of Africa, 3
Hu Huaibang, 49, 97
Hu Jintao, 21, 33, 70
Hu Xiaolian, 154
Huang Libin, 19
Huangyan Island, 187
Huawei, 89–90, 101, 171
Hub, Balochistan, 127
hukou (household registration), 76
human rights, 141–2, 170, 171, 189
Hun Sen, 155
Hungary, 30, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144
Huntington, Samuel, 184
Hussain, Chaudhry Fawad, 157
hydropower, 48
Ibrahim Ismail, Sultan of Johor, 151
immigration, 187
impatience, 152–3
imports, 17, 19, 22, 79–84
India and the Indian Ocean (Panikkar), 118
India, 3, 5, 64, 105–25, 134–6, 174, 179
Bangladesh Liberation War (1971), 109
and Belt and Road, 11, 12, 52, 72, 105–15, 130, 133
Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (2017), 12, 108
British Raj (1858–1947), 107
Buddhism, 111–12
cosmopolitan neighborhoods, 4
cultural mission to China (1952), 113
Doklam plateau dispute, 107–8, 113
economic autarchy, 110, 117
free and open order, 125
Grand Trunk Road, 53
imports, 113–14
and Indian Ocean, 3, 116–19
Indo-Pacific, 116–23, 125
Japan, relations with, 118
Kashmir dispute, 108–9, 117
Malabar naval exercises (2018), 135
and maritime hegemony, 72
migrant workers, 150
military bases, 3, 131
Modi–Xi summit (2018), 135
Mumbai-Ahmedabad high-speed railway, 138
nuclear tests (1998), 109
Pakistan, relations with, 105–7, 108–9, 117, 134
pharmaceuticals, 113, 114
Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, 121–2
Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), 105–6
and Sabang Island, 131
Siliguri Corridor, 107–8
Southeast Asia, 113, 117–18
Swaraj’s visit to China (2018), 135
Tibet, relations with, 111–12, 117, 136
United States, relations with, 119, 121–2, 134, 135
Indian Dilemma, 21
Indian Ocean, 3, 8, 9, 26, 51, 62, 63, 66, 68, 71–2, 116–19
Indo-Pacific, 116–23, 125, 126
and Japan, 4
Kra Isthmus canal proposal, 65, 186
meticulous selection, 72
Myanmar oil and gas pipeline, 64, 72
oil, 21, 64
and Pakistan, 59, 61, 64
individualism, 27, 189
Indo-Pacific, 116–23, 125, 126
Indo-Pacific Business Forum, 122
Indo-Pacific Command, US, 126
Indochina, 51, 52, 54, 62
Indonesia, 2, 5, 18, 26, 39, 48, 83, 117, 131
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, 48, 49, 103
industrial capacity cooperation, 85–8, 98, 102–4
industrial internet, 44
industrial parks, 10, 43, 55, 61, 67, 99, 102
Industrial Revolution, 84
information technology, 43–4, 74, 81, 86, 90, 94, 111, 170–71, 190
infrastructure, 3, 23, 26, 30, 40–45, 48, 50, 55, 58, 63, 86, 88, 124, 139, 141, 162, 167, 186
Afghanistan, 135
communications, 81, 118
digital, 43–4
European Union, 10, 141, 145
India, 64, 118, 135
Japan, 4, 136–8
Maritime Silk Road, 66, 67
Mediterranean, 65
Pakistan, 54, 62, 99, 105
Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, 121–2
Southeast Asia, 18–19, 70, 117, 130, 132
steel industry, 18
transportation, see transportation
value chains, 96
Xinjiang, 20, 54
Inner Mongolia, China, 55
innovation, 76
Institute for International Finance, 153
intellectual property, 59, 88–9, 91, 97, 180, 190
international courts, 28, 190
international industrial capacity cooperation, 85–8, 98, 102–4
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 15, 156–7, 158–9, 172
Internet, 43–4, 86, 170–71
internet of things, 90, 94
Iran, 4, 22, 105–6
Iraq, 24
Irkeshtam, Xinjiang, 55
iron, 17
Islamabad, Pakistan, 60, 99, 101, 127, 157
Islamic State, 128
Islamism, 127–9
Istanbul, Turkey, 4, 24, 65
Italy, 48, 65, 140, 189
Izumi, Hiroto, 137
Jadhav, Kulbhushan, 105–6
Jakarta, Indonesia, 2, 5, 26, 39
Japan, 1, 5, 22, 123, 133, 136–8, 145, 165, 166, 169, 189
Buddhism, 111
Cold War, 21–2
India, relations with, 118
Indian Ocean, 4
infrastructure development, 4, 136–8
Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, 121–2
Second World War (1937–45), 119, 165
Javaid, Nadeem, 46
Jiang Qing, 14
Jiang Shigong, 183–4
Jiang Zemin, 15
Jiangsu Delong, 83
Jin Qi, 98
Jinnah Town, Quetta, 128
Johor, Malaysia, 149–51
Joint Statement on Cooperation on EEU and Silk Road Projects (2015), 57–8
joint ventures, 97
Journey to the West, 186, 188
Juncker, Jean-Claude, 138
Kaeser, Joe 170
Karachi, Sindh, 59, 100, 105, 106, 127
Karakoram Highway, 54, 60, 64
Kashgar, Xinjiang, 54, 59, 60, 64, 101
Kashmir, 60, 108–9, 117
Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo, 104
Kaz Minerals 103
Kazakhstan, 8, 55–9, 129, 189
Astana International Exchange, 56
China–EEU free-trade agreement signing (2018), 58
and Eurasian Economic Union, 57
gateway to Europe, 56
Horgos International Cooperation Center, 55–6
industrial capacity cooperation, 103–4
railways, 54
Xi’s speech (2013), 23, 25–6, 39
Kazakhstan Aluminum, 103
keeping a low profile (tao guang yang hui), 15, 18, 32
Kenya, 101, 138, 171
Khan, Imran, 157–8
Khawar, Hasaan, 53
Khunjerab Pass, 101
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, 54, 60, 100
Kizilsu Kirghiz, Xinjiang, 60
knowledge, 74, 76, 87
Kolkata, West Bengal, 64
Kortunov, Andrey, 135
kowtow, 35
Kra Isthmus, Thailand, 65, 186
Kuala Linggi Port, Malacca, 63
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 130
Kuantan, Pahang, 63, 67
Kudaibergen, Dimash, 57
Kunming, Yunnan, 188
Kyaukpyu, Rakhine, 63, 64, 132, 154
Kyrgyzstan, 53, 54, 55, 103, 127
labor costs, 74, 83, 85, 99
labor shortages, 75
Lagarde, Christine, 158–9
Lahore, Punjab, 100, 157
Laos, 50, 52, 54, 129, 132
Latin America, 25, 187, 188
Leifeld Metal Spinning AG, 88
Lenin, Vladimir, 6, 78
Lenovo, 89–90
Li Hongzhang, 69
Li Keqiang, 44
Li Ruogu, 47
Liaoning, China, 55
liberal values, 123, 125, 133, 170
liberal world order, 141, 144, 167–86, 190, 192
Lighthizer, Robert, 91
lignite, 61
liquefied natural gas (LNG), 48, 66
Lisbon, Portugal, 2, 5
lithium-ion batteries, 81
Liu Chuanzhi, 89–90
Liu He, 92
loans, 11, 36, 46–7, 54, 108–9, 124, 126, 130, 132, 138, 141, 153–63, 190
London, England, 65, 160
Lord of the Rings, The (Tolkien), 1
Lou Jiwei, 76
Luo Jianbo, 7
Machiavelli, Niccolò, 31–4
machinery, 81, 90, 98, 156
Mackinder, Halford, 120
Macron, Emmanuel, 146–7
Made in China 2025 strategy, 85, 87, 90–92, 93
Mahan, Alfred, 120
Mahathir Mohamad, 130–31, 151, 155
Malabar naval exercises (2018), 135
Malacca, Malaysia, 3, 63
Malacca Strait, 21–2, 64, 65, 72, 117, 131
Malay Mail, 155
Malaysia, 3, 70, 117, 130–31, 154 debt, 154
Forest City, 149–51, 155
high-speed railways, 54, 130
Mahathir government (2018–), 130–31, 151, 155
1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal (2015–), 155
ports, 63, 67
Maldives, 134, 155
Mali, 129
Malik, Ashok, 109
Malta, 140
Mandarin, 107, 149, 188
Manila, Philippines, 122
Mann, James, 177
manufacturing, 11, 19, 68, 77, 85, 99
outsourcing, 68, 99
value chains, 3, 43, 64, 73–4, 79–82, 84–5, 94–104, 141
Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia, 55
Mao Zedong, 13–14, 31, 183
maps, 2–6, 24, 41, 64, 69
Maritime Silk Road, 24, 26, 28, 39, 41, 53, 62–72, 117
market integration, 41
Mars, 187
Marshall Plan, 40
Marx, Karl, 6
Marxism, 78
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 177
Matarbari port, Bangladesh, 138
matchmaking services, 11
Mattis, James, 124
McMahon Line, 111
Mediterranean Sea, 4, 51, 62, 65, 119
Mei Xinyu, 21
Mekong Delta, 8
mergers and acquisitions, 42
Merkel, Angela, 88, 141, 144
meticulous selection, 72
Middle East, 4, 6, 22, 64, 120, 129, 163, 171
middle-income trap, 75–7, 85
migrant workers, 75
Milanovic, Branko,
173
military, 3, 12, 67, 71, 72, 101, 117, 126–7
Ming Empire (1368–1644), 163
Ming Hao, 30
minimum wage, 75
Ministry of Commerce, 21, 40, 93
Ministry of Communications, 69
Ministry of Finance, 49
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 40
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, 19
Ministry of Transportation, 14
Minmetals International Trust Co, 16
mobile payments, 193
Modi, Narendra, 106, 135–6
Mohan, Raja, 3, 121
Mombasa, Kenya, 138
Mongol Empire (1206–1368), 2, 25
Mongolia, 8, 36, 52, 55, 111
Moon, 187
Moraes, Frank, 112–13
Moscow, Russia, 4
Most Favored Nation status, 15
Mozambique, 138
multinationals, 74, 88–9
multipolar world system, 179
Mumbai, Maharashtra, 4, 105, 138
Myanmar, 52, 54, 63, 64, 72, 129, 132, 138, 154
Nacala, Nampula, 138
narcotics trade, 127
Nathan, Andrew, 159
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 9
National Bureau of Statistics, 75
National Congress
18th (2012), 28
19th (2017), 29
National Cybersecurity Work Conference (2018), 84
National Development and Reform Commission, 40, 98
National Health Commission, 114
National League for Democracy, Myanmar, 132
National Museum of China, Beijing, 165, 166
National Party of New Zealand, 132
National People’s Congress, 44
National Rescue Party of Cambodia, 155
Nazarbayev University, 25–6
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 113
Nepal, 134, 135, 150
Netherlands, 56, 65
New Zealand, 132–3
Nigeria, 68
Ning Jizhe, 137
Nordin, Astrid, 42
Northern Sea Route, 66
Northwest Passage, 66
NPK fertilizer, 99
nuclear power/weapons, 21, 83, 88, 109, 166, 187
oil, 21, 22, 23, 40, 52, 64, 72, 106
1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal (2015–), 155
One China policy, 142
Open Times, 183
Opium War, First (1839–1842), 165
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD), 79
Osh, Kyrgyzstan, 54
overcapacity, 16, 19–20, 88
Overseas Chinese Affairs Office, 19
Overseas Investment Industrial Guiding Policy, 86
Pacific Command, US, 125–6
Pacific Journal, 71
Pacific Ocean, 3, 5, 9, 26, 45, 62, 116, 117, 125–6, 139
Indo-Pacific, 116–23, 125, 126
Pakistan, 12, 20, 46, 48, 52, 59–62, 64, 98–102, 105, 126–9, 133–4, 155, 156–8
Abbasi’s Beijing visit (2018), 126
agriculture, 99–100
balance of payments crisis, 156–8
Economic Corridor, 52, 59, 60, 62, 105, 108, 156–8
electricity production, 61
fibre-optic connectivity, 101