European neutrality in, 234–35, 244, 257, 354–55, 358, 415, 481–82, 484, 488
federal government in, 180–84, 224–25, 230
food shortages in, 268–69, 299, 351, 355
free blacks in, 172–73, 224–30, 233–49, 283–84, 291, 305–6, 307, 337, 345–50, 362–63, 366, 377–78
Frémont’s emancipation proclamation in, 227–29
guerrilla warfare in, 247–48, 289, 313, 328–41, 367–68
hospitals and medical care in, 215, 243, 248, 259–65
Hunter’s emancipation proclamation in, 256, 339, 377
as “irrepressible conflict,” 132–38, 147–48, 159, 194, 233
legal issues in, 177, 254, 297, 300–301, 304, 305–6, 317, 334–35, 365
Lincoln’s role in, 177, 178, 180, 184–85, 187, 190–94, 199, 206, 208, 210, 212, 213, 223, 224, 227–29, 233, 234–35, 237, 239, 254, 257
literature on, 254–55, 261, 267, 268, 269–71, 338, 357–58
martial law in, 227–29, 254, 377
military tribunals for, 247, 287–88, 315, 338, 374–75, 377–78
militias in, 200, 205, 269, 292
moral and religious issues in, 172–73, 180, 182, 188–90, 198, 239–40, 243, 250–51, 253, 256–57, 285, 296–97, 336–40, 346–50
national cemeteries for, 273, 274, 275, 294–95
naval warfare in, 215, 216, 235, 236, 252, 265–66, 324, 481–82, 488
Northern “invasion” in, 250–53, 254, 314, 320–22, 331, 353, 354–55, 357, 372, 428
Northern position on, 171, 173–74, 175, 176, 179–80, 181, 182, 183, 185–87, 194, 197–98, 199, 209–19, 221–22, 223, 225, 230, 231, 233, 235, 237, 238–49, 250, 252, 255, 256–57, 270, 275, 283–84, 285, 287–88, 289, 290–92, 295, 299, 325–50, 352, 353, 368, 369, 375, 377–78, 428, 434
nurses in, 259–64
origins and outbreak of, 132–38, 147–48, 159, 161, 180–94, 197–201, 233, 250–51, 433–34, 525
peace negotiations in, 188–90, 205, 318, 320–21, 331, 337, 343, 344, 352–53, 358, 364, 374, 383
“peninsular strategy” in, 231–32, 237–38, 338, 412
photography in, 214–18, 243, 273–74, 311, 379, 382
political aspect of, 207–8, 234–35, 243–44, 257, 284–88, 291, 322–24, 356–58
popular support for, 203–4, 218–19, 222, 233, 237, 238, 239–40, 244, 250–57, 290–92
Port Royal experiment in, 241–42
press coverage of, 174–75, 177, 187, 194, 197, 201, 202–5, 207–8, 210–19, 225, 226, 227, 234, 239–40, 248, 254, 257, 258, 269, 273–74, 277–78, 282, 285, 290, 291, 295, 298, 299, 302, 306, 307, 314, 316, 317–18, 336, 353, 355, 361, 362, 364–65, 375, 377, 381, 382
prisoners of war in, 11, 213, 243, 262, 311–15, 327, 372, 379–82
prisons in, 11, 213, 311–15, 327, 378, 379–82
propaganda in, 219, 255–56, 270–71, 313–14, 320–22, 353
railroads in, 205, 206, 208, 209, 268, 286, 291, 298, 299, 330, 332–33, 336, 339, 342, 363, 364, 433–34
refugees in, 268, 336–37, 342, 345–46, 361–63, 388
reinforcements in, 205, 281, 282, 299
reparations for, 481–82, 484, 488
Republican support for, 171, 172, 175, 176, 180, 181–82, 183, 184–87, 190–94, 198, 211, 212, 213–14, 223, 227, 243, 257, 271, 286, 287, 290, 291–94, 303–11, 315–16, 343, 344, 345, 434, 564
secession in, 29–30, 34–35, 46, 88, 92, 95, 96, 110, 112, 113–14, 121, 124, 136, 147, 159, 161, 167, 168, 171–83, 185, 187–94, 197–98, 199, 200–201, 225, 227, 250–51, 285, 286, 289, 290, 300–301, 304–5, 313, 318, 327, 333–35, 338, 358, 361, 396, 397, 407–8, 415, 416, 418, 425, 501, 574, 588, 589
sharpshooters and snipers in, 215–16, 227, 258, 346, 362–63
slavery as cause of, 47, 55, 71–72, 111, 113–14, 147, 172–73, 177, 181–82, 185–94, 197–98, 223–27, 230, 233–34, 237, 239–40, 243–45, 251, 252, 253, 255, 256, 271, 285–87, 290–91, 296–97, 301, 338, 346–50, 353–60, 375, 388, 430
slaves as “contraband” in, 224–27, 230, 233–34, 237, 285–86
Southern defeat and surrender in, 238, 257, 300–301, 304–5, 312, 351–66, 369, 372, 375, 376, 381, 382, 385, 388, 393, 427, 428, 429, 437, 483, 529, 540, 544, 560, 586
Southern support for, 171–90, 194, 197–98, 199, 200, 214, 219–22, 223, 225, 238, 244–45, 250–57, 265–71, 284–88, 304–5, 325–50, 352, 353, 368, 369, 370–72, 375, 428, 434
states’ rights issue in, 19, 34–35, 58, 65, 157, 167, 173, 180–81, 188, 250–52, 254, 266, 290, 334, 344, 359, 397, 418, 467, 490–91, 492, 499, 575, 584–85, 589
substitute combatants in, 254, 291
supplies in, 252, 332, 336–37, 339, 351, 355, 363, 364, 365
telegraph in, 208–9, 210, 212–13, 256, 291, 330, 333, 361, 370
territories in, 177–78, 180, 185, 186–87, 188, 192, 198, 286–87, 289, 307
troop morale in, 202–5, 207, 219–22, 238, 244, 247–48, 253, 255, 256–57, 267–68, 275, 363–66
Unionism in, 172–80, 184, 185–94, 197–98, 224, 228, 230, 238, 239–41, 245, 250–51, 270, 284, 286, 288, 289, 293–94, 298, 300, 308, 317, 343–44, 347, 372, 388, 509
victory celebrations for, 385–88
violence of, 186, 194, 198, 201, 213–16, 219–20, 222, 223–24, 225, 228, 238, 241, 243, 244, 247–48, 259–61, 270, 291–92, 293, 301–2, 303, 311–15, 316, 325–50, 351, 368–71, 378, 379–82, 385, 417, 422, 427, 446, 560, 561
weaponry of, 216, 283, 311
western theater of, 253, 275, 284–85, 332
women in, 200, 224, 259–64, 268–71, 292, 302–5, 378–79
see also Reconstruction; specific battles
Claflin, Tennessee “Tennie,” 466, 472–73
Clansman, The (Dixon), 427
Clarendon, Lord, 481
Clay, Clement, 320
Clay, Henry, 3, 25–34, 41, 46, 70, 97, 174, 177, 327
Clayton, John M., 22
Cleburne, Patrick, 356–57
Clemenceau, Georges, 406
Cleveland, Grover, 589
Cobb, Howell, 88, 95, 123, 184, 187, 194, 205, 356, 359, 381, 401
Cochise, 550
Cochrane, John, 311
Coffin, Charles Carleton, 210
Cold Harbor, Battle of, 319, 326, 362
Colfax, Schuyler, 345, 448, 503–4
Colfax massacre (1873), 585
Collins, John A., 125
Colorado Territory, 510–11, 531, 538, 540
Colt, Samuel, 194, 512
Columbia, S.C., 337, 343, 428, 574, 583
Comanche Indians, 530, 535
Commentaries (Blackstone), 68
Committee of Thirteen, 178
Committee of Thirty-three, 177
Communist Manifesto, The (Marx and Engels), 468
Compromise of 1850, 25–34, 41, 44, 58, 70–71, 92, 106, 158, 185, 318
Compromise of 1877, 581–82, 584
Comstock, Anthony, 472
Comstock Lode, 516, 523
Concord, Mass., 130, 256, 260–61, 270, 433
Condition of the Indian Tribes, 534–35
Confederate Congress, 201, 243, 252, 254, 352, 353, 354, 356, 358
Confederate Secret Service, 371–72
Confederate States of America, 36, 63, 178–79, 188–89, 192, 199, 201, 225, 234–35, 239, 243, 244–45, 250, 251–54, 265–69, 270, 280, 288, 289, 290, 299, 300–301, 307, 309, 313, 320–22, 329–34, 338–39, 350, 351–66, 367, 370–72, 375, 376, 396–97, 419, 429, 444
Confiscation Act (1861), 226, 228, 240
“Conflict of Convictions, The” (Melville), 175–76
Congregationalists, 59, 296
Congress, U.S., 1–11, 20, 22, 106, 109, 110, 155, 159 393, 396, 402, 403, 405, 406, 410, 414, 417–20, 421, 422, 424, 425–32, 438–43, 448, 463, 480, 483–92, 500–501, 502, 515–17, 519, 532, 533, 538, 542, 545, 547, 549, 550, 554, 560, 564–65, 569, 570, 571–72, 580–81, 585–86, 591, 592
Joint Committee on Reco
nstruction of, 405, 419, 425
Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War of, 308, 314
see also House of Representatives, U.S.; Senate, U.S.
Congressional Burying Ground, 7
Congressional Directory, 375
Congressional Record, 375
Conkling, James C., 292–93
Conness, John, 509, 516–17
Conscience Whigs, 28, 51, 66
Conscription Act (1862), 254, 268
Conspiracy of Pontiac, The (Parkman), 506
Conspiracy of the Cuban Rose Mines, 18
Constitution, U.S., 9, 26–27, 108, 110, 157, 374, 375
see also specific amendments
Constitutional Convention (1787), 26–27
Constitutional Union Party, 167–68, 170, 194, 295, 308
Continental Monthly, 239
Cook, James, 564
Cooke, Jay, 309, 444
Cooper, James Fenimore, 548–49
Cooper, Peter, 546, 547
Cooper Union, 11, 160–63, 323, 375, 494, 546, 547–48
Copeland, Ada, 526, 527
Copperheads, 231, 246, 284–90, 293, 295, 300, 302, 320–21, 345, 357, 422, 459, 498, 501, 503
Corbett, Boston, 374
Corbin, Abel Rathbone, 478–80
Correspondence between Lydia Maria Child and Governor Wise and Mrs. Mason, of Virginia (Child), 145
Corrick’s Ford, Battle of, 206
corruption, political, 82, 176, 183, 224, 234, 291, 308, 309, 344, 397, 405, 418, 421–27, 430–32, 437, 438–43, 476–80, 486, 488–89, 494–97, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503–4, 535, 550, 567, 573, 577, 579–80, 581, 584, 592
Corwin, Thomas, 177
Cotton States in the Spring and Summer of 1875, The (Nordhoff), 567
Cotton Whigs, 167–68
Couch, Darius N., 259
Cox, Jacob D., 493–94, 546, 547, 550
Cox, Samuel S., 285, 344, 573, 592
Crawford, Thomas, 346–47
Crazy Horse, 534, 544–45, 555, 556, 557
Crédit Mobilier of America, 458, 503–4
Creek Indians, 546
Crimean War, 63, 203, 216, 264
Crisis, 284
Crittenden, George, 221
Crittenden, John J., 177–78, 186, 221, 223
Crittenden, Thomas, 221
Crittenden, William L., 23–24, 34, 36
Crittenden Compromise, 178
Cromwell, Oliver, 128, 205
Crook, George, 554, 555, 557
Cuba, 15–25, 35–37, 58–64, 66, 67, 76, 79, 95, 118–19, 120, 121, 122, 124, 158, 166, 177, 235, 482, 484, 485, 506, 526
Cuban Council, 37
Cumming, Alfred E., 110
Cumming, Kate, 266
currency, 268, 309, 351, 444, 458, 476, 478–79, 502, 586
Currier & Ives, 164
Curry, Pompey, 564
Curtin, Andrew, 294–95
Custer, Elizabeth “Libbie,” 540
Custer, George Armstrong, 340, 363, 387, 423, 511, 539–42, 546, 552, 554–57, 562, 568
Custis-Lee Mansion, 382
Custom-House group, 496–97
Daguerre, Louis-Jacques-Mandé, 40
daguerreotypes, 40–41, 163–64, 216
Daily Missouri Democrat, 74, 498
Dallas, George M., 6
Dallas Herald, 111
Dana, Charles A., 42, 283–84, 299, 318, 335, 445
Darwin, Charles, 163, 488, 514–15, 523–25
Davis, David Brion, 10
Davis, Henry Winter, 307–8, 315–16, 323–24
Davis, Jefferson, 19, 30, 62, 65, 121, 137, 148, 158, 165, 166, 173, 178, 181, 182, 188, 199, 201, 224, 233, 252, 253, 256, 268–69, 275, 282, 285, 292, 301, 320, 321–22, 330, 332, 335, 346–47, 351, 352, 353, 354–55, 357, 358, 359, 361, 366, 375, 376, 381, 385, 415, 422, 499, 560, 589
Davis, John, 6
Davis, Theodore, 215
Davis, Varina, 188, 360
Dawes, Henry, 549
Dawson, Francis W., 575–76
Dawson, Sarah, 369
“Dead at Antietam, The” (exhibit), 219
DeBow, James Dunwoody Brownson, 96
DeBow’s Review, 49, 106, 402
Declaration of Independence, 32, 69, 70, 91–92, 116, 123, 137, 460
Declaration of Rights and Sentiments (1848), 41–42, 450
Deep South, 29–30, 34–35, 139, 169, 173–74, 178–79, 181
De Forest, John, 341
Degener, Edward, 549
Delano, Columbus, 550
Delany, Martin, 33–34, 37, 401, 576
Delaware, 166, 200, 230, 243
democracy, 48, 65, 78, 80–84, 93–98, 107–8, 111–12, 113, 114, 117–20, 144, 160, 165–66, 181, 287, 296, 326, 407, 492
Democratic Party, 20, 28, 29, 32, 33, 36, 41, 46, 58, 59, 60, 64, 66, 67–68, 77, 84, 87–88, 90, 93, 94, 95–96, 97, 98, 107, 111–24, 133, 134–35, 136, 137, 154, 155, 156–70, 224, 287–88, 290, 291, 292–93, 297, 305–6, 309, 310–11, 316–17, 320–24, 326, 443–45, 485, 567–68, 572, 577, 588
Demosthenes, 466
Department of Missouri, 538–39
Department of the Ohio, 287–88
Department of the South, 233, 235
Department of the West, 227–29
Deseret, 106–7
Devens, Charles, 362
“Diamond Hoax,” 519–20
Dickens, Charles, 2, 143
Dickinson, Anna E., 11, 302–5, 311, 323, 375, 423, 453–54, 457, 468, 494
Dickinson, Daniel S., 19
Dickinson, Edward, 79
Dickinson, Emily, vii, 11, 79, 82, 200, 327
District of the Frontier, 330
Division of the Mississippi, 299, 529–30, 533
divorce, 42, 453, 463–64, 468–69
Dix, Dorothea, 261–62, 264
Dix, John Adams, 184
“Dixie,” 188, 221, 255, 281
Dixon, Thomas, 427
Dostie, Anthony, 411
Douglas, Stephen A., 19, 33, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 74, 75, 88, 91, 92, 94, 95–96, 97, 98, 107–8, 111–20, 122, 124, 125, 127, 136, 137, 138, 160, 165–66, 167, 168–69, 170, 174, 178, 181, 190, 191, 193, 194, 207, 305, 318, 378, 416, 433–34
Douglass, Charles, 246
Douglass, Frederick, 34, 39, 70, 76, 91, 125–27, 129, 132, 138–39, 142, 146, 154–55, 172–73, 176, 187, 198, 229, 234, 246, 249, 292, 310, 315, 328, 347, 350, 383, 419, 446, 448, 452, 453, 461, 488, 502, 587, 592, 593
Douglass, Lewis, 246, 249
Downing, George T., 455
Drayton, Daniel, 50, 52–53
Dred Scott decision (1857), 89–92, 118, 133, 227, 305
Drew, Daniel, 477–78
DuBois, W. E. B., 130, 147, 417, 588
due process clause, 584–85
Dumas, Alexandre, 62
“Dunkers,” 340
Dunn, Oscar J., 495–97
Dustin, Hannah, 325
Duyckinck, Evert, 87–88
dysentery, 261, 378
Early, Jubal, 340, 341, 343
Edmondson, Amelia, 54
Edmondson, Emily, 54, 55
Edmondson, Ephraim, 55
Edmondson, Mary, 54, 55
Edmondson, Paul, 54
18th Infantry Regiment (National Guard), 562–63
elections, U.S.:
of 1848, 50–51
of 1852, 58
of 1853, 158
of 1856, 64, 87–89, 326
of 1858, 69, 111–20, 159, 285, 318
of 1860, 124, 132, 156, 159–77, 180, 181, 182, 190, 223, 224, 233, 295, 301, 318, 380, 397, 407, 416, 588
of 1862, 257, 286
of 1863, 302, 498
of 1864, 289, 300, 307–11, 316–17, 322–24, 331, 344, 367, 415
of 1865, 416
of 1866, 420, 421–22
of 1868, 425, 442–45, 448–49, 462, 504
of 1870, 498–99
of 1872, 474, 475–76, 496, 498–505, 579
of 1874, 569
of 1875, 579
of 1876, 578–82, 585, 589, 665n
of 1892, 211
Electoral College, 170, 323, 448, 580–82, 665n
Elliott, Robert Brown, 489–90, 502, 565, 566, 587
Emancipation Proclamation (1863), 239, 243–45, 268, 286, 292–94, 339, 344–45, 347, 356, 370, 398, 459
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 5, 10, 31, 32, 43, 44, 72, 80, 82, 83, 84, 141, 142, 146, 157, 244, 256, 270, 457–58, 508, 515, 521, 529, 593
Enforcement Act (1870), 585
Engels, Friedrich, 257, 468
English, Chester, 52
English, James, 345
English, William, 97–98
Equal Rights Party, 475
Erie Railroad, 477–78, 479
Essex Company, 152–53
Evans, John, 531
Everett, Edward, 167–68, 295
evolution, theory of, 488, 514–15, 523–25
Ewell, Richard, 276, 361, 363, 369, 370
Ewing, Thomas, Jr., 329, 377
Fabens, Joseph W., 483, 484–85
Fables (Aesop), 68
Fair Oaks, Battle of, 326, 386, 395
Falkner, William, 158
Farragut, David, 324, 421
Faulkner, William, 158, 593
Fenton, Roger, 216
Ferrero, Edward, 264
Fessenden, William Pitt, 443
Fetterman, William J., 534, 544
Fetterman massacre (1866), 534
Field, Cyrus, 99–102
Field, David Dudley, 99–100, 292, 311
Field Order No. 15, 393, 394, 399, 400, 403, 404
Fifteenth Amendment, 453–56, 462–63, 464, 467, 488, 490, 492, 499, 576, 579, 591, 592
Fifteenth Corps, Union, 387
15th Kansas Cavalry Regiment, 329
5th Massachusetts Cavalry, 565
5th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 203, 210
5th U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery Regiment, 397
55th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment, 246
51st New York Infantry Regiment, 264
54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment, 246–49, 284, 435
filibusters (as freebooters), 20–21, 36–37, 62–63, 64, 85, 86, 96, 120, 137, 144, 158, 235, 289, 415, 484–85, 506, 581
Fillmore, Millard, 33, 34, 53, 88–89, 106, 200
Finney, Charles Grandison, 102–3, 451
“fire-eaters,” 29–30, 34–35, 46, 92, 95, 112, 121, 124, 136, 161, 168, 171, 185, 190, 290, 327, 358, 396, 574, 589
1st Alabama Siege Artillery African Descent, 312
First Amendment, 310–11
First Corps, Confederate, 275
1st Louisiana Engineers, 245–46, 283–84
1st Louisiana Native Guards, 245–46, 497