specialists in, 283–84
Rice, Donald, 295, 308
Rio Hato military base, 140, 174, 176–77, 182, 184, 188, 189
ROBIN QUART, 136, 138
Rowen, Henry S., 147, 153, 160
Rugh, William, 359
Rumsfeld, Donald, 67, 68, 73
Sabah, Sheikh Jabir al Ahmed al, Emir of Kuwait, 260, 287, 316
Bush’s vow of aid to, 255
U.S. military intervention sought by, 298
Sadat, Anwar, 274
Saudi Arabia, 36, 353
Bush’s advisory team sent to, 254–59, 263
Bush’s offer of military help to, 240–41, 242–46, 276
Desert Shield as defense of, 298
first U.S. deployment to, 273–278
Kuwait as viewed by, 214
in Kuwait invasion response, 224, 227, 228, 229, 232, 242, 251, 253, 254–55, 262
military weakness of, 225, 242, 248
oil reserves of, 226
U.S. arms sales to, 200
Saudi National Guard, 248
Sawyer, Diane, 211
Schlesinger, James, 80
Schwarzkopf, H. Norman, 291, 295, 366, 369
Bush’s Persian Gulf goals sought by, 298, 303–4
at Camp David meeting on Kuwait invasion, 247–51, 252, 309
career of, 209
characteristics of, 208, 209
Desert Shield war plan of, 345, 346–49
Desert Storm named by, 352
and first day of Desert Storm, 373, 375
and first U.S. deployment to Saudi Arabia, 275, 281, 286
and Iraq’s pre-invasion buildup, 208–210, 220, 222
in Kuwait invasion response, 222, 227–28, 229, 233, 238, 239, 244–45, 255, 256, 261
nicknames of, 208
in Persian Gulf preliminary offensive plans, 303–4, 306, 307, 309–11, 313, 319, 320
Powell’s warning order to, 352–353, 367
on sanctions, 342
in Saudi advisory team, 258, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267–69, 270, 273
on war, 310, 313
Scowcroft, Brent, 58, 75, 78, 83, 97, 105, 107, 108, 110, 122, 124, 139, 147, 150, 185, 199, 213, 215, 280, 283, 298, 302, 303, 306, 307, 312, 318, 319, 320, 321, 325, 332, 336, 337, 354, 356, 357, 358, 360, 361, 364, 366, 376
appointed national security adviser, 50
as Aspin’s administration link, 322
Baker and, 316
on Bush administration’s public
relations problem, 324–25
at Camp David meeting on Kuwait invasion, 247, 251–253
career of, 50, 62
characteristics of, 50, 81
Cheney and, 61, 62, 63, 65
on Dugan’s comments, 292–93
in Kuwait invasion response, 223, 224–27, 230–31, 235, 236–237, 239–41, 242, 254–55, 256, 258, 259, 276
Panama invasion decision and, 159, 162, 169, 170
Persian Gulf buildup and, 41, 42
policy not coordinated by, 302
on Reagan administration’s foreign and military policy, 50–51
as reflection of Bush, 345
on U.S. goals in Panama, 90
on war vs. sanctions against Iraq, 230–31, 300–302
SCUD missiles, 211, 264, 268, 285, 308, 331, 363
SEAL teams, 88, 90, 91, 136, 138, 165, 168, 174, 182, 186
Second World War, The (Gilbert), 317
Senate, U.S.:
Cheney’s nomination approved by, 67, 69–70
Persian Gulf delegation of, 286–288
Powell appointment confirmed by, 113, 117–18
Tower’s nomination rejected by, 58, 59
Senate Armed Services Committee, 36, 131
Cheney’s nomination confirmed by, 69–70
Desert Shield hearings of, 325, 326, 331–32, 341–43
Powell’s nomination confirmed by, 117–18
Tower’s nomination rejected by, 57, 58, 59
VII Corps, 310, 319, 322, 348, 364
Shamir, Yitzhak, 360, 363
Sharp, Erwin A., 173
Shaw, Bernard, 371
Sheafer, Edward D. (Ted), 122, 126, 134, 160, 181, 183
Sheridan tanks, 141, 181
Shevardnadze, Eduard, 224, 333–35
Shultz, George, 54, 117
Silberman, Laurence H., 72
SILVER BULLET, 136, 138, 172
Simpson, Alan, 339
Single Integrated Operation Plan (SIOP), 328–29
Sixth Fleet, 221
“60 Minutes,” 195
Smullen, Bill, 178
Soviet Union, 106, 170, 190, 242, 284, 316
Cold War and, 37
Kuwait invasion response of, 267
unilateral military cuts by, 52
UN force authorization supported by, 333–35
U.S. intelligence on weapons of, 327–28
Soyster, Harry E., 216, 218, 351
Special National Intelligence Estimate, 351
Special Technical Operations Center (STOC), 327–28, 364, 365
Starks, Tiffani, 179
State Department, U.S., 147, 148, 199, 321, 351
aggressive Panama policy of, 83, 85, 86
on Iraq’s pre-invasion buildup, 201, 210, 215
in Kuwait invasion response, 226
military force favored by, 117, 169–70
Stealth B-2 bomber, 112
Stealth F-117A fighter, 140–41, 174, 176–77, 179, 328, 352
Stiner, Carl W.:
career of, 101, 102
as Joint Task Force commander, 143–44
in Panama invasion, 177–78, 181–82, 189, 191
Panama invasion plans and, 101–102, 104, 113–14, 132–33, 134–35, 138–39, 140–44
quick-response warfare expertise of, 100–101
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 51, 153
submarines, 67
Sultan Ibn Abdul Aziz, Prince, 274
Summers, Harry G., Jr., 129–30
Sununu, John, 110, 168, 237, 283, 302, 306, 337, 353, 356, 358, 366, 376
at Camp David meeting on Kuwait invasion, 247, 251, 252, 253
Cheney’s nomination and, 60, 61, 64, 72
Desert Shield troop figures issued by, 279
in Kuwait invasion response, 226, 228, 230, 312
on PDF coup attempt, 128
Syria, 90, 274, 353
Taft, William Howard, IV, 75, 76, 78
tanks, 141, 284–85, 348
M-1A1, 369
Sheridan, 141, 181
T-72, 206, 249, 278, 369
Teeter, Robert, 56, 315–16
TENCAP, 189
Thornburgh, Dick, 115
Thucydides, 153
Thurman, Maxwell Reid, 93–96, 100, 172
career of, 94
characteristics of, 94–95, 96, 103
on deriving implicit commands, 131
Joint Task Force activated by, 143–44
in Panama invasion, 181–82, 184, 185, 186, 189, 191–93
Panama invasion plans and, 101–102, 103–4, 130–31, 139, 141–45
in Panama invasion buildup, 132–133, 135, 138
Panama pre-invasion incidents and, 157–60, 161
PDF coup attempt and, 119–21, 124
Southern Command position of, 98, 99
on war on drugs, 95
Tiananmen Square massacre, 226
Time, 351
Tomahawk cruise missiles, 235, 371
Tonkin, Gulf of, 167, 325
Torrijos international airport, 168
Tower, John, 56–59, 69
Treasury Department, U.S., 223
Trexler, Garry R., 235
Trost, Carl, 162, 164–65
Truman, Harry S., 357
T-72 tanks, 206, 249, 278, 369
Twain, Mark, 339
24th Mechanized Division, 285
T-28 trainers, 148, 149, 151, 152
United Arab Emirates (UAE), 202, 210, 211, 213, 216, 222, 283
United Nations, 199, 323
force authorization of, 333–35, 337, 338, 339, 341, 356, 362
Kuwait invasion response of, 225–26
sanctions against Iraq by, 36, 38, 41, 284–85, 308
Security Council of, 225, 284, 285, 333, 335
Untermeyer, Chase, 57, 72
USA Today, 325
Vietnam Syndrome, 230
Vietnam War, 229
airpower failure in, 148, 313
Army’s problems after, 154
Bush affected by legacy of, 306–307, 324, 339, 347
military force and civilian leaders in, 163, 356, 368
Reserves and, 284
Tonkin Gulf resolution and, 167, 325
Vuono, Carl, 106, 111, 208, 239, 303, 304, 340
on Army training, 155, 279
on Desert Shield troop levels, 279
M-1A1 tanks and, 369
Panama contingency plans and, 138–39
Panama invasion decision and, 162, 163, 172
as Powell’s mentor, 48, 111
in Woerner-Thurman replacement, 96, 98
Waller, Calvin A. H., 345–46
Warba, 252
Warner, John, 69, 70, 325
warning orders, 352–53
War Powers Act, 289
Warsaw Pact, 106, 310
Washington Post, 53, 75–76, 116, 127, 218, 220, 290, 292, 337
Watkins, James, 227
Webster, William H., 91, 137, 185, 225, 247, 351
Weinberger, Caspar (Cap), 47, 48, 110
on use of military force, 117, 231
Welch, Eunice, 279
Welch, Larry, 292, 296
Cheney’s public rebuke of, 76–80
ICBM debate and, 74–75
in Panama invasion decision, 162, 165–67
retirement meeting between Bush and, 279–80
White, Tom, 186–87
White House Fellows program, 48
Will, George, 127
Williams, Mary Alice, 314–15
Williams, Pete, 72, 153, 292, 293, 294
as Cheney’s press secretary, 62, 65, 66
Desert Shield troop figures unknown to, 279
on Iraq’s pre-invasion buildup, 210, 218
in Kuwait invasion response, 232, 233
Panama invasion and, 160, 161
on Powell, 126–27
promoted to Defense Department spokesman, 71, 76
in Saudi advisory team, 256, 263, 265
Wilson, George, 75, 77
Wisconsin, U.S.S., 287, 371
Woerner, Frederick F., Jr., 101, 116, 119
Cheney on, 93
firing of, 96–98, 99
on politicization of military issues, 98–99
on U.S. military in Panama, 83, 85, 87, 88–89, 92–93, 103–4, 138, 145
Wolfowitz, Paul, 304, 313, 330, 344, 354, 363
on Bush administration’s innercircle decision making, 320–321
Kuwait invasion response and, 215, 216, 224, 229–30, 237, 243, 245, 247
on sanctions against Iraq, 299
in Saudi advisory team, 263, 265, 266
Schwarzkopf’s war plan examined by, 345, 347
in UAE exercise decision, 210
Wong, Guillermo, 89, 92
Woolsey, R. James, Jr., 50
Yale University, 66–67
Yazov, Dmitri, 122, 123, 124
Yemen, 335
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Copyright © 1991 by Bob Woodward
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Woodward, Bob.
The Commanders / Bob Woodward.
p. cm.
Includes index.
1. United States—Foreign Relations—1989– —Decision making. 2. Bush, George, 1924– —Military leadership. 3. United States—Military policy—Decision making. I. Title.
E881.W66 1991 973.928′092—dc20 91-13037
ISBN-13: 978-0-671-41367-5
ISBN-10: 0-671-41367-8
ISBN-13: 978-0-7432-3475-7 (Pbk)
ISBN-10: 0-7432-3475-8 (Pbk)
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