forgetting, as part of memory process 13, 62, 86
free recall 10–11
fronto-temporal dementia 144
frustration 130, 159–60, 193
general anaesthetic 26, 154
gingko biloba 151
grief 43–6, 192–3
grouping, as memory strategy 100–1
head injury 119; see also brain injury
health, effect on memory of 17, 26, 47, 69–70, 73–4, 148, 153–4, 189, 197
hearing 17, 19, 43–4, 46, 68, 80, 154
hearing loss, strategies for 44, 80
HIV/AIDS 144
hormones 33, 52, 58, 146
hormone replacement therapy (HRT) 69
hospital admission, strategies for 190–1
hot flushes 36–7, 53, 59–60, 69–70
HRT see hormone replacement therapy
Huntington’s disease 144
illness, effect on memory of 154; see also health
improving memory see memory strategies
internal memory strategies 66, 88–104
acronyms 101–2
acrostics 99–100
adding meaning 66, 88, 92–100
association 20, 64, 66, 93–5, 98, 100, 102
chunking 100
focusing attention 63–7, 71, 88–92, 127, 132–3, 200–1
grouping 100–1
method of loci 102–3
mnemonics 102–4, 161, 198
peg-word method 103, 123
rehearsal 90–1
repetition 90–1, 122
rhymes 99
spaced recall 98, 100, 118, 134
visualisation 66, 96–8, 103
vs external strategies 122–6
labels, as memory strategy 45, 107, 138, 190
learning 17, 30–1, 65, 78, 133
at seminar 134
at training course 134
from reading 135
learning instructions 135
lifestyle, and memory 30, 33, 40, 45, 68, 126, 156
lifetime memory 7–8, 11
and ageing 23–4
and dementia 180
location tracking devices 41, 119, 168, 186, 199
long-term memory 2
media, and memory xii, 16, 198
medical appointments, strategies for 170, 187, 189
medications
effect on memory 29, 43–4, 46, 68, 189
strategies for remembering 94, 108, 115, 117–18, 165, 167–9, 182, 185–6, 203
meditation 47, 132
Mediterranean diet 79–80
memory, age-related changes 17–23
memory-anxiety spiral 29, 64–5, 197; see also anxiety
memory apps 118, 120, 140, 188, 202, 211
memory assessment or testing 147, 177
memory back-up system 35, 41, 106, 123, 125, 161, 182, 203
memory centre in home 163–6, 169, 184
memory clinic 147
memory, factors that influence
memory see attitudes; health;
lifestyle
memory group 61–2
memory processes
association 9
cued recall 11–12
free recall 10–11
recalling 8–13
recognition 10
storing 6–8
memory, realistic expectations of 41, 63, 71, 163, 199–200
memory, types of
enduring 4–6, 13
lifetime 7–8, 11; see also lifetime memory
procedural 130
prospective 11, 39
recent 7
temporary 3–5
working 3; see also working memory
memory strategies, choosing strategies to suit you 108, 124–6
memory strategies, for
Alzheimer’s disease 160–9
appointments 108, 117–18, 140, 164, 169, 183, 189, 203
car parks 27, 67, 90, 97, 107, 114, 120, 201–3
dementia 160–9
emergencies 101, 164–5, 170
glasses/spectacles 107, 113–14, 120, 167
handbags 107, 167
keys 90, 92, 96, 113, 119, 167–8
medications 94, 108, 115, 117–18, 165, 167–9, 182, 185–6, 203
menopause 65–7
names 22, 56, 86, 90, 93, 95, 98, 110–12, 121, 164, 191, 203
passwords 98, 196
phone numbers 100, 110, 164–5, 170
PINs 98, 196
record-keeping 112
something that you have to do 108–9, 114–15, 117–19
wallet 12, 88, 92, 96, 113, 119, 167–8
what people tell you 110–11
what to buy 110
what to take with you 109–10, 116
where something is located 107, 113–14, 119–21
work 136–41
memory strategies, types
do it now 105, 127
external see external memory
strategies
internal see internal memory
strategies
organisation 104–5, 136
pay attention to paying attention 63, 200
stay calm 40, 86–7
memory-wise community 204
memory-wise work environment 141–2
menopause 37, 40, 49–71
age of menopause 52
common memory difficulties 56–7
enhancing memory during 61–9
hot flushes 36–7, 53, 59–60, 69–70
memory strategies during 65–7
nurturing brain health during 69–70
percentage complaining of forgetfulness 54
perimenopause, definition 52
postmenopause, definition 52
premenopause, definition 52
research on memory during 51, 58–9
support organisations 208–11
mental activities 31–3, 44, 47; see also brain training
mental health 73, 83, 153, 176, 189, 194, 198; see also anxiety; depression; stress
support organisations 208–10
mental stimulation 31, 47, 77–9, 82, 156, 188
method of loci 102–3
mild cognitive impairment 149
mindfulness 47, 62, 200
mnemonics 102–4, 161, 198
mood 29, 46, 53, 60; see also depression
motivation 29, 39, 43, 176
moving house 45, 104, 153, 176, 188
multi-tasking 89, 196, 204
names 22, 56, 86, 90, 93, 95, 98, 110–12, 121, 164, 191, 203
neuroplasticity see brain plasticity
neuropsychologist 72, 146–7
new learning activities 30–1, 78; see also brain training; mental activities
obesity 75, 77, 80, 145
oestrogen 52, 58
operations 43
organisation, as memory strategy 104–5, 136
overload 40, 123, 142, 197, 204; see also stress
pain 18, 28–9, 31, 46, 68, 154–5, 189, 197
panic 27–8, 32, 86, 127, 132; see also anxiety
Parkinson’s disease 144
passwords 98, 196
pay attention to paying attention 63, 200; see also attention
peg-word method 103, 123
perimenopause, definition 52
phone, for reminders 99, 104–5, 107, 117–21, 125–6, 140, 162, 164, 168, 170, 186–7, 203
phone numbers 100, 110, 164–5, 170
physical exercise see exercise
pick-up points 138–9
PINs 98, 196
postmenopause, definition 52
premenopause, definition 52
preventing dementia see dementia, reducing the risk of
procedural memories 130
progesterone 52
prospective memory 11, 39
psychiatrist 29, 31, 41, 76, 146–7, 156
psychologist 29
, 31, 38, 41, 76, 81, 156, 192
putting something in a special place 66, 104, 113–17
recalling, memory process 8–13 and ageing 19–20
recognition 10
reducing the load on memory 67, 162, 201–4
rehearsal 90–1
relationship problems 33
relaxation 31, 35, 38, 47, 154
reminder, asking someone to remind you 66, 104, 121, 169–70
reminder notes 30, 166, 184
reminder system 34, 45, 66, 108–9, 118, 123, 168, 182–5
reminiscence 11, 24
strategies to promote 181
repetition, as memory strategy 90–1, 122
repetitive, supporting someone who is 179–80
rhymes 99
routine 105, 142, 162, 179, 189
self-confidence see confidence, in memory
self-fulfilling prophecy 27, 29, 34
senses 17, 19, 44, 92; see also hearing; smell; taste; touch; vision
shopping list 6, 11, 56, 65, 88, 101, 103, 105–7, 110, 122, 162, 166, 173
short-term memory 2
signage 201–2
sleep 46, 68
and anxiety 28
and dementia 80–1
and depression 37, 156
and memory 37–8, 176, 197
and menopause 37, 53, 60
strategies to enhance sleep 38, 81
sleep apnoea 81
smell 5, 9–10, 44, 92, 95
smoking 70, 75, 145
social activities 30–1, 79, 156–7, 159, 174
Souvenaid 151
spaced recall, as memory strategy 98, 100, 118, 134
speed of processing, and ageing 17, 200
stigma 49, 158, 198
strategies see memory strategies, types
strengths
in memory with age 23–4, 130, 160
playing to your strengths 160, 180–2
stress 26, 33, 35, 46, 53, 67–8, 70, 75–6, 83, 104–5, 118, 129, 132, 189, 192, 197, 199, 202
stroke 26, 41–3, 45, 144, 146
support organisations
aged care 207–10
ageing, rights and interests 207
Alzheimer’s disease 207–10
anxiety 208–10
carers 207–10
dementia 207–10
depression 208–10
menopause 208–11
mental health 208–10
women’s health 208–11
supporting someone with memory difficulties 178–91
carer support organisations 207–10
looking after yourself 191–3
repetitive, supporting someone who is 179–80
surgery see operations
taste 5, 44, 92
technical devices, as memory aids 104, 108, 117, 168, 179, 202
tests of memory 17, 30, 58, 75
time trade-off, for brain health activities 82
tip of the tongue experience 17, 21–2, 95
time, allowing extra for learning 20, 163
to do list 109, 118, 125, 138, 141, 182
touch 44, 92
triple treat, for brain health 82–3
tumours 43, 146
unfamiliar environment 45, 104, 136, 153, 170–1, 188, 195
Valium 42, 44, 46
vascular dementia 144
vision 44, 46, 68, 154
visualisation 66, 96–8, 103
vitamin E 151
way-finding 202; see also signage
wisdom 17, 23, 25, 95, 130, 200, 204
women’s health support organisations 208–11
word-finding difficulties 11, 14–15, 20–2, 56–7, 59, 70, 86, 171–2, 178, 180
strategies for 95, 98–9, 171–2, 178, 180, 203
work, and dementia 156–7
work, and learning 128–42
being an older person at work 129–30
managing distractions 130–3
memory-wise work environment 141–2
organised storage 136–9
pick-up points 138–9
reading to learn 135
seminars 134
training courses 134
working memory 3
and ageing 18, 20
workload 28, 33–4, 51
worry, about memory ix, 15, 18, 28, 63, 176
writing things down, as memory strategy 107–13, 140–1, 166
yoga 47