plan to escape from Red Sea
mood swings
interest in poisons
negotiations with Octavian
wealth
mausoleum
and Octavian’s attack on Egypt
naval forces defect
seals self in mausoleum
and Mark Antony’s death
final days
meeting with Octavian
suicide
interment
attitudes to
concerns
imperial ambitions
political skill
fascination of
Cleopatra Berenice
Cleopatra I
Cleopatra II
Cleopatra III
Cleopatra IV
Cleopatra V Tryphaena
Cleopatra Selene (sister of Ptolemy IX)
Cleopatra Selene (daughter of Antony and Cleopatra)
Clodius Pulcher, Publius no
coinage showing Antony and Cleopatra
Commagene
Commius
Coponius
Corcyra
Corfinium
Corinth
Cornelia (mother of the Gracchi)
Cornelia (wife of Pompey)
Corsica
Cos
courtesans
Crassus, Marcus Licinius
attempts to annex Egypt
and the first triumvirate
Ptolemy XII ‘ s visit to Rome
military background
becomes governor of Syria
Parthian campaign
reputation as miser
Crassus, Publius Licinius
Crete
Curio, Caius Scribonius
Cyprus
Cyrenaica
Cyrene
Cytheris (Volumnia)
Cyzicus
Dacians
Darius, King of Persia
Deiotarus of Galatia
Dellius, Quintus
Demetrius II
Demosthenes
disease
Dolabella, Publius Cornelius
Donations of Alexandria, the
Dyrrachium, battle of
eastern provinces
Egypt
fascination of
Roman domination
Herodotus’ account of
pyramids
pharaons
population
the two lands
threats facing
balance of power
culture
the New Kingdom
Ptolemy take control
Greek population
Ptolemy’s soldiers settle
law codes
bureaucracy
religion
first contact with Rome
and the Punic Wars
Ptomelaic rule and society
religious cults
royal sibling marriages
rebellions
Seleucid invasion
decline of Ptolemaic kingdom
priesthood
resentment of Greek rule
wealth
royal excess
physicians
succession
bequeathed to Rome
corruption
Crassus attempts to annex
Gabinius’ campaign
Jewish community
the Gabinians
Buchis bull ceremony
food shortages
Cleopatra’s invasion of
Pompey flees to
Pompey’s arrival and murder
Caesar’s arrival in
Caesar tours
Roman garrison
Cleopatra’s rule
irrigation system
trade
royal army
Ephesus
Epirus
Fadia (Antony’s first wife)
Fayum, the
first triumvirate, the
fishing story from Plutarch
Forum Gallorum, engagement at
Fulvia (Antony’s third wife)
funeral games celebrated by Curio for his
father
Gabinians, the
Gabinius, Aulus
Galba, Servius Sulpicius
Gallic wars
Gallus, Caius Cornelius
Gallus, Flavius
Ganymede (tutor to Arsinoe)
Gaza
Geminius, probably Caius
Glaphyra
Gracchus, Caius
Gracchus, Tiberius Sempronius
Graves, Robert
Greece, Classical
Greek culture
Greek language
Greek law in Egypt
Hannibal
Hellenistic Age, the
Herculaneum
Hercules
Hermonthis
Herod
Herodotus
Hirtius, Aulus
Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus the poet)
horse archers
Horus
hunting
Hybreas
Hyksos, the
Hyrbreas
I, Claudius (Graves)
Illyria
Illyricum
India
infant mortality in the ancient world
Inimitable Livers, the club of the
Insteius, Marcus
Iras
Isis
Jerusalem
Josephus
Juba 11 of Mauretania
Juba of Numidia
Judaea
Julia (Caeser’s daughter)
Julia (Marius’s wife)
Julia (Mark Antony’s mother)
Jupiter Optimus Maximus
Khufu, Pharaoh
Labienus, Quintus
Laenas, Caius Popillius
Lake Moeris
Laodicia, siege of
legions
Second
Third
Fourth
V Alaudae
Sixth
Seventh
Eighth
Ninth
Tenth
Twelfth
Thirteenth
Thirty-Fifth
Twenty-Seventh
the Martia
Lentulus Spinther, Publius
Lentulus Sura, Publius Cornelius
Leontopolis
Lepidus, Marcus Aemilius, the triumvir
Lepidus Paullus, Lucius Aemilius
Leucas
Leuce Come
Life of Mark Antony (Plutarch)
Lissus
Livia Drusilla
Longinus, Quintus Cassius
Lower Egypt
Lucan (Marcus Annaeus Lucanus, the poet)
Lucullus
Lycia
Lysimachus
Maat
Macabees, the
Macedonia, Kingdom of
Machaerus, siege of
Maecenas, Caius
Magnesia, Battle of
Malchus
Manius
Marcellus, Caius Claudius (cos. 50)
Marcellus, Caius Claudius (cos. 49)
Marcellus, Marcus Claudius (cos. 51)
Mariamme
Marius
Media
Media Atropene
Memphis
Menches
Meroe, Kingdom of
Messalla Corvinus, Marcus Valerius
Methone
Milo, Titus Annius
Misenum, Peace of
Mithridates VI of Pontus
Monaeses
Munatius Plancus, Lucius
Mutina
Nabataean Arabs
naval forces
dependency on land bases
Mark Antony
Octavian
marines
warships
transports
Nero, Emperor
Nerva, Lucius Cocceius
Nile floods
Octavia
Octavian/Augustus
power
political skill
character
rise of
family background
arrival in Rome
accepts Caesar’s legacy
and Caesar
private army
awarded propraetorian imperium
defeat of Mark Antony in 43 BC
elected to first consulship
and the formation of the Triumvirate
and Caesarion
and the proscriptions
legions
motivation
Philippi campaign
health
distribution of land to troops
marriage to Scribonia
and the Treaty of Brundisium
coins of
campaign against Sextus Pompey
Brundisium conference with Mark
Antony
marriage to Livia
stories of extravagance
assumption of name Augustus
ovation
has Octavia take gifts to Mark Antony
and the death of Sextus Pompey
Balkan campaigns
building projects
and the Donations of Alexandria
consulships
visits to Rome
honours
successes
rivalry with Mark Antony
influence
spreads rumours about Cleopatra
marginalizes Mark Antony
support for
declares war on Cleopatra
military forces
naval forces
Mark Antony challenges to single
third consulship
campaign against Mark Antony
blockade of Actium
battle of Actium
Herod presents self to
return to Italy after Actium
secures Greece
negotiations with
attack on Egypt
enters Alexandria
meeting with Cleopatra
visits Alexander’s tomb
trophies
fourth consulship
triumphs
as emperor
military performance
Octavius, Marcus
Olympus (the doctor)
oracles
Orodes II
Osiris
Pacoras
Palestine
Palmyra
Pansa, Caius Vibius
Paraetonium
Parthia
Crassus’ campaign against
Orodes II’s campaigns
Parthian invasion of Judaea
Ventidius’ campaign against
Mark Antony campaign preparations
Parthian campaign
background
forces
preparations
logistics
the attack
casualties
retreat
Parthian’s mobility
effect on Mark Antony’s prestige
assessment
Paterculus, Velleius
Patrae
pearls, dissolved in vinegar
Pedius, Quintas
Pelusium
Perdiccas
Pergamum, Library
Perseus
Persians, the
Perusine War
Pharos lighthouse
Pharsalus, battle of
Philip II of Macedón
Philip V of Macedón
Philippi campaign
Philippics (Cicero)
Philippus, Lucius Marcius
Philotas
Phraata, siege of
Phraatres IV
Pinarius Scarpus, Lucius
pirates and piracy
Piso, Lucius Calpurnius
Pliny
Plutarch
Polemo of Pontus
political invective
Pollio, Caius Asinius
Polybius
Pompey the Great (Cnaeus Pompeius Magnus)
support for Sulla
early career
and Crassus
political career
eastern expeditions
popularity
eastern settlement proposals
and the first triumvirate
and Ptolemy XII
Ptolemy XII’s visit
in Jerusalem
prosecution
marriage to Scipio’s daughter in
puts down election violence
as augur
marriage to Caesar’s daughter
break with Caesar
retreat from Rome
seeks allies
Spanish campaign
and the Macedonian campaign
at Pharsalus
flees to Egypt
arrival in Egypt
murder
Pompey, Cnaeus
Pompey, Sextus
Postumus, Caius Rabirius
Pothinus
Principate, the
prisoners of war
Proculeius, Caius
Propertius, Sextus, the poet
proscriptions
Ptolemaieia festival
Ptolemy Ceraunos
Ptolemy I
Ptolemy II
Ptolemy III
Ptolemy IV
Ptolemy V
Ptolemy VI
Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II Physcon
Ptolemy IX Soter ‘Saviour’ II
Ptolemy X Alexander I
Ptolemy XI
Ptolemy XII
pays Rome for recognition as king
and Pompey
marriage to Cleopatra V Tryphaena
daughters
visit to Rome
visit to Cato in Cyprus
restoration
and the Gabinians
debts
revenue
court
as the New Dionysus
patronage of religious cults
will
succession
death of
unpopularity
Ptolemy XIII
Ptolemy XIV
Ptolemy Philadelphus
Publicóla, Gellius
Punic Wars
Pyrrhus of Epirus
Pythodorus of Trailes
Rabirius Postumus, Caius
Raphia, battle of
Ravenna
Red Sea
Rhodes
Rhodion (tutor to Caesarion)
Roman army
service obligations
property qualification for service in 2nd
century BC 3
discontent
bounties
auxiliaries
loyalty
command and control
strengths
lustration ceremony
logistics
Rome
first contact with Egypt
foundation
rise of
resources
the Punic Wars
territorial expansion
invasion of Macedonia
consuls
kings
magistrates
politics
government
citizens
stability
military power
taxes
slaves
wealth
landowners
wine trade
public life
nobles
provincial governors
triumph ceremony
reputation
civil war BC
instability from 13 3 BC onwards
and Antiochus IV
Ptolemy VI flees to
naming practices
patricians
the censorship
the Social War
Marius occupies
dictators
Sulla’s di
ctatorship
Sulla’s purges
involvement in Ptolemaic succession
Egypt bequeathed to
Caesar’s redistribution of publicly owned land
Ptolemy XII’s visit
reverence for motherhood
education
the Campus Martius 85, in
brothels
availability of sex
elections
corruption no
priesthoods
the tribunate
the Popular Assembly
dominance of old families
falls to Caesar
attitude to Cleopatra’s accession
aristocracy and the Civil War
Dolabella’s debt rebellion
calendar
libraries
Temple of Venus Genetrix
Jewish community
Mark Antony’s dominance
attitudes to adoption
Lucius Antonius seizes
Octavian’s building projects
praetors
Octavian’s visits
imperialism
Rosetta Stone
Roxanne (wife of Alexander the Great)
Rubicon, the, Caesar crosses
Rufio
Sallust, Caius Sallustius Crispus the historian
Sanios
Samosata, siege of
Sardinia
Sarmentus
Scipio, Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius
Scipio Nasica in
Scodra
Scribonius Libo, Lucius
Seleucid Empire
Sempronia (mother of Decimus Brutus)
Senate, the
political freedom extinguished
members
powers
law regulating the awarding of triumphs
Sulla’s purges
‘walkers’ (pedarii)
involvement in Ptolemaic succession
senator’s life lived in public
votes to recall Caesar from Gaul
Mark Antony’s defence of Caesar
and Caesar’s occupation of Rome
Mark Antony presides over
recognises Cleopatra as co-ruler of Egypt
response to the assassination of Caesar
ratifies Caesar’s acts
Mark Antony’s dominance
negotiations with Mark Antony
war preparations
declare Mark Antony public enemy
and the triumvirs
support for Octavian
Septimius, Lucius (tribune of the Gabinians)
Serapion (Cleopatra’s governor of Cyprus)
Serapis
Servilla (mother of Brutus)
Seth
Seven Wonders of the World
Shakespeare, William
Sicily
Sidon
Siwah, temple of Ammon
sobriety
Social War, the
Sosigenes
Sosius, Caius
Spain
Sparta
Spartacus
Strabo
Suetonius Tranquillus, Caius, the biographer
Sulla, Lucius Cornelius
Sulpicius Rufus, Sergius
Sybilline Oracle
Syracuse
Syria
Tacitus
Tarentum
Tarsus
Taylor, Elizabeth
Thapsus, battle of