Bani Anfiilnaqah tribe 45
arrival of Richard 196-217
Banias 63, 102, 104-5
Ai'slan, Alp 55
Banu Asakir 41
Ai-slan, Kilij 23, 119, 138, 203, 219
Banu'l Adim 41
Aisuf 185, 214-17
baraka 96
Saladin's defeat at 214-17
Barbarossa, Frederick 3 - 4 , 198, 203, 213
Asadiyya 74, 84
Basra 116
Ibn Asakir 47, 49, 135
batin 10
Ascalon 23, 40, 52, 54, 66, 77-8, 141, 159,
Batit, Yusuf 190
188, 200, 216-17, 219-22, 226, 229
Ibn Batta 62, 171
ascetic kings 33
battie for Egypt 51-68
asceticism 98, 121, 123
emergence of Saladin 6 6 - 8
al-Ashari, Abu al-Hasan 16
Fatimids: sick man of the Nile 5 4 - 6 2
Asharism 16-19, 91, 123, 128
Shirkuh's campaign 62-6
al-Ashraf see al-Makhzumi, Abul-Qasim
siege of Alexandria 66-8
'askar 142
Baudouinette see Baldwin V
assessment of Saladin 237-42
Ibn Bawwab 92
asuology 190
al-Baysani, Abd al-Rahim Ibn All see al-Qadi
al-Aswani, Fakhr al-Dawla 134
al-Fadil
atabegs 24, 27, 36
Beaufort 201
Ibn al-Atliir 31, 33, 48, 54, 57, 62, 72, 74,
Bedouin 141, 154, 170, 191, 212-14, 228
76, 100, 146, 192
beginning of Islamic counter-crusade 41-4
attack on Jaffa 226-9
Beirut 23-4, 151, 186, 198, 226
Ibn Awf 58-9, 78, 9 3 - 4 , 125
Beka'a valley 28
Ayyub, Najm al-Diii 25-9, 36, 40-1, 50,
BektimurofKliilat220
86, 89, 100, 117, 131-3, 155, 168,
belligerence 102
194, 198, 209, 237-8
Bertrand of Blanquefort 52
al-Azhar 13, 31, 50, 86
Bihruz, Mujahid al-Din 26-7
al-Aziz 54
Bilbais 63, 69-71
Bishop of Acre 179
Baalbek 24, 27-9, 36-7, 40, 42, 68, 85,
Bishop of Bethlehem 141
113, 144-5, 151-2, 239
Bishop of Lydda 179, 181
Babain 6 4 - 5 , 68, 75
'blue wolf see Keukburi
Badi ul-Zamam 46
Boccaccio 3
Baghdad 9-15, 17, 19-20, 23-7, 30-4, 41,
Bohemond of Antioch 147, 152, 165, 170
. 5 4 - 6 , 117, 163, 198
Book of the Holy War 42
Baghdadi, Abd al-Latif 78, 187
Book of Stupidity of the Judgements of
Bahr al-Fmni'd 43
Qaraqush 76
Bahram 56-8
Bosra 152, 167
Baisan 150, 157
bride of Syria 217
Bait al-Ahzan 145-6
brotherhood 48-9
al-Bajali 122
building new Sunni orthodoxy 14-19
balagha 78
Bukhara 121
Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury 204
Bunan, Al-Athir-Ibn 134
Baldwin of Ibelin 139, 147, 157, 165
Buri 155
• 267 •
I N D E X
Burids 24
Damascus Gate 190
Buyids 11-12, 14
Damietta 76, 87-9, 140-1, 202-3, 222
Byzantium 20-1, 39, 42, 55, 87-8, 100,
Dante 2 - 3
107, 119, 139-40, 150, 153, 191,
Dar al-Hikma 132
196
Darayya mosque 152
Daram 90, 150, 188, 223, 226
Caesarea 23, 53, 185, 227-8
al-Dawlai 236
Cairo 13, 31, 50, 52-3, 57, 64, 70-1, 76-8,
Day of Judgement 44, 64
8 4 - 8
death of Baldwin IV 160-2
Caligula 54
death in Damascus 2 3 2 - 4 2
Canon of the Sepulchre 150
assessment: Saladin 237-42
capture of the True Cross 179-81
return to Damascus 2 3 3 - 4
challenge of Aleppo 109-19
Saladin's death and mourning
charade of power 144
235-6
Le Chastellet 145
Saladin's illness 2 3 4 - 5
Chastelneuf 145
death of Nur al-Din 100-6
chicanery 91
death of Nur al-Din's son 148-56
chivalry 2
death of Saladin 235-6
Christianity 21, 23, 36-9, 42, 52-4, 57-8,
death of Shirkuh 73-7
66, 91, 119, 125, 130, 133-5, 140,
death of Taqi ul-Din 218-23
Decameron 3
184-94, 200-1, 207-10, 213-15,
defeat suffered by Saladin
221-2, 2 2 5 , 2 3 0
at Arsuf 214-17
Church of the Holy Sepulchre 193, 226
at Mont Gisard 140-8
Church of Saint Anne 194
defiance of Richard 226-9
clan of freebooters 10
deliberations in the Franks' camp 172-4
codification of law 18
Deliverance from Error 18
collapse of the Latin Kingdom 185-9
departure of Richard 229-31
combative Sunnism 13
desecration 39
Commander of the Faithful 80
Dildrim, Badr al-Din 170, 185
congregation 49
'disciples of al-Silafi' 59
Conrad of Montferrat 196-201, 204, 209,
dismantlement of Fatimid state 8 4 - 8
221-3
disputes between Sunnis and Shiites
fortification of Tyre 196-9
10-14
Constance of Antioch 137-8
disunity 82
Constantinople 107, 119, 138-9, 148, 150,
diwan 13, 33
163, 184, 196
Diwan al-Insha 78-9
Coptic Christians 69, 84, 133-4
Diwan al-lqta 84
council of war 77
Diwan al-Jaysh 79, 84
Count Thierry 138
Diyar Bakr 170, 207
counter-crusade 29-30, 33, 4 1 - 4 ,
dogma 126
188
Dome of die Rock 39, 44, 192
credit transfers 108-9
drinking water 77
crossbowmen 146, 158, 213
Dvin 25-6
crushing of Sudanese uprising 8 4 - 8
dynasties 22
Damascus 4, 9, 13, 2 0 - 4 , 28-9, 31, 36-47,
Eastern Orthodoxy 190
198, 203, 232-42
ecumenicalism 18, 92
death in 2 3 2 - 4 2
Edessa 23-5, 29, 37, 51, 63, 106,
return to 85, 2 3 3 - 4
220
siege of 37
education of Saladin 4 4 - 5 0
• 268 •
I N D E X
Egypt 13, 21, 51-71, 82-97, 120-5, 132-6
Gate of Zuwaila 83
battle for 51-68
gathering the army 170-2
construction of madrasas in 120-5
Gaza 90, 150, 188
establishment of Saladin's authority in
Genoa 157, 197
89-91
Geoffrey of Esch 57
masters of 82-97
Gerard of Ridefort 168-70, 173-4, 181,
Sunnification of 132-6
201
Eilat 90, 148-9
Ghadir Kliumm 12
Eleanor of Aquitaine 4
al-Ghani, Adb 62, 171
emergence of Saladin 66-8
al-Ghazali 15, 18-19, 48, 97, 103, 117,
Emperor Manuel 107, 138,
148, 150
123,187
epistolary camouflage 80
Ghazi, Saif al-Din 113, 115-16, 147-8
Eschiva 168, 172-3
ghazis 43
establishment of Saladin's authority in Egypt
Giza 76, 87
89-91
Godrey of Bouillon 23
establishment of Saladin's fatlier and uncle
Great Mosque 23, 34, 135
25-9
Gregory, II 57
eternal opposition 11
Gulf of Aqaba 154
eunuchs 2 6 , 2 8 , 75, 131
Gumushtekin 112
Euphrates river 20, 151-2, 156, 160-2,
Guy of Lusignan 147, 157-9,165-82, 184,
164, 167, 170, 219-21, 232
188, 200-1, 204, 206, 208, 221
fall of Acre 2 0 6 - 1 1
al-Hadhabani, Sadr al-Din Ibn al-Darbas 90
faqih 11
hadith 47-50, 59, 78, 94, 98, 147
fasting 49, 233
al-Hafiz 56-7
Fatimid state 7, 12-13, 21, 31, 34, 43,
Haifa 185
52-65, 70, 74-95, 99, 105, 122-4,
al-Hakim 54
128-34, 202, 232-3
al-Hakkari, Isa 47, 72, 75-6, 90, 94, 100,
dismantlement of 8 4 - 8
142, 163, 185, 194, 198, 202
fatwa 135
Hakkari 163
Fayyum 95, 120
halab 111
feeble minds 110
al-HalhuU, Abd al-Rahman 37
fig leaf of moral authority 22
al-Hallawiyya madrasa 34
al-Findawli, Yusuf 37
Kama 16, 85, 1 1 0 , 1 1 4 - 1 5 , 139, 141, 143,
203
First Circle of Hell 2 - 3
al-Hamadhani 46
First Crusade 22-5, 36, 42, 106, 191
Hamadan 202
food shortage 88, 188-90, 228
Hamasah 45
fortification of Jerusalem 223-6
Hanafis 16-17, 35, 42, 73, 91, 121, 126,
fortification of Tyre 196-9
129-32,155
fortitude 75
Hanbalis 16-17, 19, 34, 42, 48, 61-2, 128,
fragmentation of Saladin's army 2 0 4 - 6
171, 187
Frankish invasion 20-35
Hanfash 16
Frederick of Swabia 203
al-Harawi 23
Friday prayers 10, 23, 90, 192, 241
Harim 106, 137, 143
fundamentalism 15
al-Harimi, Shihab al-Din 75-6, 88, 115,
Fustat70-1, 8 1 , 9 1 , 9 4 - 5 , 131
118, 143
Harran 147, 151-2, 157-67, 194, 205
Galilee 149-50, 153, 171
illness suffered by Saladin 163-4
Garni river 25
al-Harriri 46
Gamier of Nablus 215
al-Hasan 10, 92
• 269 •
I N D E X
Hattin 2-3, 40, 62, 119, 158, 168-83,
al-Idrisi, Sharif 64
200-2, 212, 214, 217, 221, 231, 236
Ifranj 38, 42
capture of True Cross 179-81
Ihya 'Vlum al-Din 18, 48
deliberations in the Franks' camp
ijaza 96
172-4
ijma 135-6
march to Tiberias 174-9
Ikhshidids 12-13
Saladin gathers his army 170-2
illegitimacy 22
Saladin slays Reynald of Chaullon 182-3
illnesses of Saladin 49, 157-67, 2 3 4 - 5
victory at 40, 62, 119, 179-80, 184
at Damascus 2 3 4 - 5
hawala 108-9
at Harran 163-4
'Hayy ala khayr al-amal' 90
Imad al-Din 149, 152, 155, 186-7, 192,
Henri of Chatillon 137
197
Heniy of Champagne 146, 204, 225-6,
Imadi gate 33
230
Inab 34
Henry II 3, 147, 161-2, 173-4, 189
Inal, Qutb al-Din 109-10, 152
Heraclius 161-2, 164, 173, 189-91
infidels 3
heresy 99, 123-4, 188, 240
'intafaa al nas bihi' 134
heterodoxy 44
introduction of Sunni orthodoxy to Egypt
Hijaz 53
91-7
Hisban 160
Iraq 21, 43, 46, 121, 170, 2 2 3 - 4
Holy City see Jerusalem; Latin Kingdom of
Irbil 170, 202
Jemsalem
Isabella 104
Holy Cross 3, 139, 141, 150, 162, 173,
al-Isfahani, Imad al-Din 25, 28, 45, 72,
181, 189, 198, 200-1
7 4 - 7 , 90, 98-9, 105, 116-18, 144-5,
see also True Cross
158, 162-3, 166, 170, 185, 192, 198,
Holy Land 137-8, 140, 144, 196, 200,
2 0 2 - 4 , 2 1 2
207, 216
lsfahan24, 31, 116, 130
Holy Sepulchre 150, 160-1, 193, 222
al-Iskandarani, Abul-Majid 94, 152
holy war 24, 4 2 - 4 , 46, 98, 102-3, 110,
Islamic civilization 30
145, 155, 164, 174, 181, 204, 206,
Islamic counter-crusade 4 1 - 4
224, 237
Islamic education 11, 95-7
see hlso jihad
Islamic law 15, 30, 49, 125, 134-5, 193
Homs 24, 68, 85, 99-100, 110, 115, 203
Islamic resurgence 33
Horns of Hama 114
Island of Elephants 95
Horns of Hattin 178
Ismaili Assassins 112, 116, 118-19, 223
horns of the Muslim crescent 156
Ismailism 12, 19, 52, 54, 59-61, 67, 79-80,
Hospitallers 39-40, 69, 161, 168-9, 177,
86, 90, 99, 123, 129, 133, 188
181-2, 191, 213-15, 226, 240
Iznik 22
House of Abbas 11
Ibn Hubayra 19, 34, 52, 92, 98, 116-17,
Jacobites 21
187-8, 241
Jacob's Ford 145
Hugh of Burgundy 225
Jafar, Abu 235
Hugh of Caesarea 53
Jaffa 185, 211-14, 216-17, 226-9, 237
Hugh of Tiberius 4
attack on 226-9
Huija, Abul 87
march towards 211-13
Humphrey IV of Toron 4, 67, 141, 145,
al-Jahiz 32
159, 181,204
Jaldak, al-Habis 153
Hurmuz, Abu Ali 12
al-Jamali, Badr 80, 122
al-Hurub al-Salibiyya 5
James of Mailly 169
Husam al-Din 185
Jawhar 12-13
al-Husayn 10, 12, 92, 129
Jazira 101
• 270 •
I N D E X
Jazirat Ibn Umar 31
al-Khatuni, Majd al-Din 121-2
Jeddah 154
Khitat77
Jenin 160
Khumartekin 112
Jerusalem 2-3, 23-4, 4 3 - 4 , 71, 137-40,
Khurasan 121
1 8 4 - 9 5 , 2 1 8 - 3 1
BQiusrau, Nasir-i 44, 53
Baldwin IV 137-40
Kliusrau, Qutb al-Din 75-6, 88
fortification of 223-6
khutba 91, 193
liberation of 43
Khutiu-Khayr 131
return of 184-95
King Fulk of Jerusalem 138
siege of 190-1
Kitab al-fashushfi akham Qaraqush 76
triple jump regaining of 30
Kitab al-Isfah 34
triumphant entry into 191-5
Kitab al-Jihad 42
see also Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem
al-Kizani, Abbu Abdallah 61-2, 128
Jews 54, 56, 93, 125, 134
Knights of St John 138
jihad 4 2 - 4 , 46, 58, 103-5
, 181, 193
Knights Templar 39-40, 52, 69, 140-1,
see also holy war
145-6, 161, 168-9, 173-4, 176-7,
al-Jilani, Abd al-Qadir 48, 60-1, 91-2, 119,
181-3, 185, 191-2, 201, 213, 222,
121, 171, 181, 193
226, 240
al-Jili, Mansur Abu al-Maali 17
Konya 31
jizya 191
Kufa 15
Jobert 138
Kufic script 92-3
Joscelin III of Edessa 29, 63, 137-8, 148,
Kurds 21, 25-6, 45, 47, 58, 74-6, 86,
181
90-1, 109, 118, 143, 163, 170, 187,
Ibn Jubayr 50, 92, 122
208-9, 2 2 3 - 4 , 226, 238-9
Jurdik, Izz al-Din 11, 110, 114, 155, 198,
208, 225
Lake Tiberias 165-6, 168-9, 171-80
jurisprudence 50
march to 174-9
al-Juwaini, Sadr al-Din 128
last days of Saladin 232-42
Latakia 198
Kafr Sabt 171, 174
Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem 6, 24, 29,
Kaiser Wilhelm II 4 - 5
3 6 - 7 , 4 0 , 51-2, 63, 70, 102, 106-7,
Kamal al-Din see al-Iskandarani, Abul-Majid
113, 119, 138, 142, 145-7, 150,
al-Kamil 71, 79
157-8, 161, 164-6, 173-6, 181,
Karbala 12, 17
185-9, 2 2 5 , 2 3 0
Kaukab casde 198
collapse of 185-9
Kerak 149, 159-60, 198
see also Jerusalem
Keukburi, Muzaflfar al-Din 7-8, 115-16,
al-Lawraqi, Atik Ibn Ahad 49
132, 151, 168-72, 174-6, 180-1, 185,
legitimacy 14, 22, 56, 80, 102, 105, 125,
191, 197, 201, 205-6
217
al-Khabushani 120-36, 142
Leper King 137-56
madrasa building in Egypt 120-5
Baldwin IV 137-40
relationship between Saladin and ulama
death of Nur al-Din's son 148-56
125-32
Jerusalem 137-40
Sunnification of Egypt 132-6
Saladin's defeat at Mont Gisard 140-8
Khabusan 123
struggle for northern Syria 148-56
Ibn Khallikan 25, 96, 118, 129, 241
leprosy 106, 113-14, 137-56
al-Khanaqah al-Salihiyya 194
the Levant 25
khatib 155
liberation of Jerusalem 43
Kliatim, Adhra 131
Lionheart 207, 231
Khatun, Ismat al-Din 119, 131
see also Richard I
Khatun, Rabia 132
Lord of Chatillon-sur-Loing 137
• 271 •
I N D E X
Louis VII 17
dismandement of Fatimid state 8 4 - 8
Ludwig of Thuringia 201
establishment of Saladin's authority in
Lu'Lu, Husam al-Din 131
Egypt 89-91
Lydda 226, 229
introduction of Sunni orthodoxy
9 1 - 7
Maarat al-Numan 23
Masud, Izz al-Din 113-14, 147
Machiavellian sagacity 79
al-Masudi 38
madhabib 16, 25, 30, 35, 120-1
Masyaf 118