RUBIO, PHILIP F. There’s Always Work at the Post Office: African American Postal Workers and the Fight for Jobs, Justice, and Equality. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010.
SCHEELE, CARL H. A Short History of the Mail Service. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1970.
SHAW, CHRISTOPHER W. Preserving the People’s Post Office. Washington, D.C.: Essential Books, 2006.
STEELE, IAN K. The English Atlantic, 1675–1740: An Exploration of Communication and Community. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
SUMMERFIELD, ARTHUR E. U.S. Mail: The Story of the United States Postal Service. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1965.
TERRELL, JOHN UPTON. The United States Post Office Department: A Story of Letters, Postage, and Mail Fraud. New York: Meredith, 1968.
UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE. An American Postal Portrait: A Photographic Legacy. New York: HarperResource, 2000.
VAN DER LINDEN, F. ROBERT. Airlines and Air Mail: The Post Office and the Birth of the Commercial Aviation Industry. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2002.
WEB SITES
Smithsonian National Postal Museum:
http://postalmuseum.si.edu/
For research on philately and postal operations:
http://arago.si.edu/
United States Postal Service:
United States Postal Service: “Who We Are”
http://about.usps.com.http://about.usps.com/who-we-are/postal-history/welcome.htm
Publication 100: The United States Postal Service: An American History, 1775−2006
http://about.usps.com/publications/pub100.pdf
Save the Post Office:
http://www.savethepostoffice.com/
Railway Mail Service Library:
http://www.railwaymailservicelibrary.org/
INDEX
The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. The link provided will take you to the beginning of that print page. You may need to scroll forward from that location to find the corresponding reference on your e-reader.
Adams, Abigail, 94
Adams, Henry C., 184
Adams, John, 8, 23, 25, 27, 36, 40, 43, 52
Adams, John Quincy, 67, 107
Adams, Samuel, 25
Addams, Jane, 262
addresses, 105, 151–52
advertising, 75, 93, 189, 207–9
African Americans, 43, 199
in postal positions, 3, 153–54, 156–58, 195, 198–200, 238, 248–49, 263
Air Force, U.S., 234
Air Mail Act of 1930, 233
Air Mail Act of 1934, 234
Air Mail Scandal, 233–34
Air Mail Service, 4, 221–29, 233–36
Aitchison, Beatrice, 264
Albany Congress, 7, 10, 11, 22–24
Allison, Ernest M., 222
American Anti-Slavery Society, 75
American colonies, 7–11, 13–18, 21–26, 29, 30, 43
American exceptionalism, 113
American Express, 125, 205
American Letter Mail Company, 83–84
American Minerva, 44
American Philatelic Center, 106
American Revolution, 1, 26, 28, 29, 30, 39, 42, 48, 49, 109, 141, 154
architecture, 102–3, 202–3, 232
Dutchess County post offices, 230–32
Farley Post Office, 214–16, 240
General Post Office, Bronx, N.Y., 232
General Post Office, Washington, D.C., 77, 84, 202
General Post Office and Federal Building, Brooklyn, N.Y., 203
U.S. Custom House, New Orleans, La., 103
Arctic, 172
Aristotle, 8
Armstrong, George, 160
Articles of Confederation, 29, 33
Ash, Jennie Henderson Dewing, 176
Astor, John Jacob, 115
AT&T, 162, 251, 255–56
Atkinson, Wilmer, 210
Augustus, 12
Bache, Richard, 27, 50, 109
Baker, Frazier, 198
banking, 152, 203–4, 206, 207, 283
money orders, 152, 182, 203
Postal Savings System, 4, 204, 206, 207, 218, 284
Barry, William, 58, 70–71, 108, 183
Bates, Barnabas, 74
Beardsley, Roswell, 107
Beaumont, Gustave de, 60
Beekman, Henry, 231
Beidler, G. A., 168
Bell, Alexander Graham, 186, 223
Bell, Mifflin, 203
Bennett, Viola, 196
Benton, Thomas Hart, 148
Bienville, Sieur de, 103
Birkbeck, Morris, 47
Black Bart, 127–28
Blackbeard, 19
Blair, Montgomery, 3, 143–44, 148–54, 160, 188, 207, 266
Blount, Ann, 111
Blount, Winton, 253, 256
Bolger, William, 259, 268, 269
Bolton, Etta E., 196
bombs, 219
books, 89, 207, 209
Boonstra, Henry, 224
Boseman, Benjamin A., 156–57
Boston News-Letter, 19
Boston Post, 82
Boston Post Road, 16, 21
Bowman, Alexander, 103
Boyle, George L., 223
Bradley, Abraham, 65–66
Bradstreet, Anne, 22
Brady, Thomas J., 175
Brennan, Megan, 264
Bridger, Jim, 116
Briggs, Joseph, 150
Britt, James, 209
Brown, Aaron, 124
Brown, Henry “Box,” 142
Brown, John, 194
Brown, Walter, 220, 221, 233–34, 242, 250, 285
Buchanan, James, 125
Buckley, James, 280
bureaucracy, 65, 70
Burke, Edmund, 161, 182
Burleson, Albert, 199, 218, 219, 222–23, 284–85
Burnett, Peter, 114
Burnham, Daniel, 201, 215
Burns, Ken, 145
Burrall, Charles, 110
Burton, Richard Francis, 127, 134
Bush, George W., 270
Butterfield, Daniel, 125
Butterfield, John, 125, 127, 172
Butterfield, Malinda, 125
Butterfield Overland Mail Company, 3, 124–27, 130, 131, 137, 172
Calhoun, John, 61, 76
California, 120–24, 130–31, 137, 139
California Penny Post Company, 121–22
Campbell, John, 18–19
cards:
greeting, 96–99
postcards, 212–13
Carnegie, Andrew, 184
Carney, William, 158
Carson, Kit, 115
Carter, Jimmy, 263
censorship, 76, 143–44, 211–12, 219, 237
Central Overland California and Pike’s Peak Express Company, 130–31, 137
Charles II, King, 15
Chase, Salmon, 149
Chicago, Ill., 4, 248–49
Chicago Tribune, 237
China, 100, 238
Citizens’ Stamp Advisory Committee, 263
City Beautiful movement, 201–2, 214
Civil Service Commission, 192–93, 196
Civil War, 3, 29, 42, 59, 76, 113, 125, 127, 130, 137, 141–48, 153–56, 158, 159–60, 173, 174, 182, 183, 198–99, 211
soldiers’ letters in, 145, 147–48, 150
U.S. Custom House and, 103
Clark, Harrison W., 194
Clay, Henry, 84
Claypole, George W., 157
Clift, Montgomery, 149
Clinton, George, 231
Cochise, 127
Cody, William “Buffalo Bill,” 132, 138–39
Cohen, Robert, 259
Collins, E. K., 172
Colyer, D. B., 226
Comarow, Murray, 272
Commission on Postal Reorganization (Kappel Commission), 250–54, 272
Commission on Postal Service, 260, 268, 278
Comstock, Anthony, 211
Comstock Law, 211–12
Confederacy, 139, 141–46, 155–56
Congress, 29, 32–34, 55, 56, 59, 60, 62, 66–67, 70, 72, 76, 81, 82, 109, 111, 142, 143, 151, 152, 175, 192, 195, 208, 210, 216, 218, 221, 230, 242–43, 246, 252, 267, 271–72
airmail and, 226, 234
banking services and, 203, 204
international mail and, 171–73
obscenity laws and, 211–12
Parcel Post and, 206
Pony Express and, 130–31, 137
postal reforms and, 86–89
railroads and, 167, 169, 170
RFD and, 189–90
telegraph and, 84, 85, 185, 219
USPS and, 4, 257–58, 268, 269, 276, 277, 282, 284, 285
western postal service and, 123–24
Congress of the Confederation, 50–51
Connors, Hattie, 195
Constitution, 27, 28, 29, 31–34, 41, 52, 70, 83, 107, 231
First Amendment to, 41, 219
Fifteenth Amendment to, 156
Constitutional Post, 26, 27, 40, 50, 109
Consumer Price Index, 272
Continental Army, 36–37
Continental Congress, 26, 27
Contract Air Mail Act, 226
Convers, Daniel, 55
Cortelyou, George, 195–96
counterfeiting, 146, 210
Cowles, James L., 206
Cox, Minnie, 198
Cox, Wayne, 198
Creswell, John Angel, 185–86, 188, 203, 212
Cushing, Marshall, 166, 182, 195–97
customs houses, 103
Darius I, 12
Darwin, Charles, 100
D’Autremont brothers, 167
Davis, Jefferson, 143, 146–47
Davis, William A., 160
Day, J. Edward, 247, 256
Dead Letter Office, 65, 144, 154–55, 182, 183
Declaration of Independence, 27, 109
Decrow, Sarah, 110
Delacroix, Eugène, 162
Democratic-Republicans, 44, 67, 76
Democrats, 67, 68, 74, 76, 113, 153, 155, 173, 188–90, 192, 194, 198–99, 218, 233, 234, 277, 279
Deppen, Carrie, 95
Depression, Great, 4, 164, 204, 220, 229, 230, 232, 234, 236, 240, 243
depression of 1893, 184
DePue, John, 55–56
D’Hébécourt, François, 54
Dickson, Mary, 110–11
digital media, 266–70, 281–83, 286
direct-mail campaigns, 73, 75
Donahoe, Patrick, 278
Dorsey, Stephen, 175
Douglas, Stephen, 185
Douglass, Frederick, 199
Dows, Olin, 231
Dumas, Anna, 157
Earhart, Amelia, 227
Earley, Charity Adams, 238
E-COM, 268–69
e-commerce, 285
Edison, Thomas, 220
education, 37–38, 43, 210
Egan, Howard, 136
Eisenhower, Dwight, 243, 246
Elfers, Harry, 174–75
Eliot, Charles William, 181, 182
Ellsworth, Elmer, 147
email, 268
Emancipator, 75
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 207–8, 212
Endicott, John, 14
Enlightenment, 12–13, 23, 36, 43, 286
Espionage Act, 219
Evarts, Jeremiah, 73
Fairbanks, Richard, 13
Fargo, William, 138
Farley, James, 214, 232–33, 246
Farley Post Office, 214–16, 240
Farm-to-Table program, 207
Fast Mail trains, 161
Faulkner, William, 194
faxes, 245, 267
Federalists, 44, 52, 67, 76
FedEx, 260, 281
federal jobs, 68–69
Civil Service Commission and, 192–93, 196
discrimination in, 199–200
Pendleton Act and, 176, 192–93
spoils system and, 2, 68–71, 156, 192, 198, 243, 249, 256–57
Fields, “Stagecoach” Mary, 3, 177–78
Finlay, Hugh, 25, 49
First Great Awakening, 20
Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 287
Fitzpatrick, Tom, 117
Ford, Henry, 82, 220, 226
Fowler, John, 61
Franklin, Benjamin, 7–11, 18–25, 27–28, 36–38, 40–41, 52, 205
at Albany Congress, 7, 10, 11, 22
as postmaster general, 7, 9, 20–21, 23–25, 27, 31, 32, 42, 50, 221, 240, 273, 284
on stamp, 88, 100–101
Stamp Act and, 24
Franklin, Deborah, 109
Franklin, James, 19
Franklin, Jane, 94
Fraser, Elijah, 163
Free City Delivery, 3, 149–52, 183, 190
“Freedom’s Defense,” 76
Freeman, Gaylord, 267
Frémont, John Charles, 115
Fuller, Wayne, 86, 255
Fulton, Robert, 57
fur trade, 115
Garfield, James, 192
General Postal Union, 153, 174
General Post Office, Bronx, N.Y., 232
General Post Office, Washington, D.C., 77, 84, 202
General Post Office and Federal Building, Brooklyn, N.Y., 203
general stores, 205
as post offices, 3, 106, 108, 190
George VI, King, 231
Glenn, John, 263
Goddard, Giles, 109
Goddard, Mary Katherine, 26, 109–10
Goddard, William, 25–26, 27, 109, 110
gold, 120, 166
Goodwin, Henry L., 121–22
Gould, Jay, 184, 186
Government Accountability Office (GAO), 270, 278
Granger, Gideon, 53, 110–11, 142
Grant, Ulysses S., 156, 160, 175, 176, 185
Greeley, Horace, 81, 89, 120, 125
greeting cards, 96–99
Grimes, Absalom, 144
Habersham, Joseph, 52–54, 141–42
Hadley, Arthur, 181–82
Hager, Ellen H., 111
Haiti, 142
Hale, Edward Everett, 210
Hale, James Webster, 83, 84, 87, 121, 122, 280
Hale & Co., 83
Halleck, Henry, 153
Hamilton, Alexander, 38, 44, 231
Hamilton, William “Sam,” 136
Hamlet, George B., 157
Hancock, John, 27
Hanley, James M., 267
Hanseatic League, 12
Harding, Warren G., 220
Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, 202
Harper’s Weekly, 206
Harris, Benjamin, 18
Harrison, Benjamin, 30, 187–88, 264
Haslam, “Pony Bob,” 136, 138–39
Hawaii, 101
Hawes, Flora, 195
Hayes, Rutherford B., 198
Hays, Will, 197
Hazard, Ebenezer, 50–52, 284
Hazen, Abraham, 192
Helms, Jesse, 280
Henderson, William, 270
Henkin, David, 91
Henry, Patrick, 25, 36
Henry VIII, King, 25
Herodotus, 11–12, 214
Hickok, James “Wild Bill,” 138
Highway Post Offices, 241
Hindenburg, 236–37
Hitchcock, Frank Harris, 222
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 37
home delivery:
Free City Delivery, 3, 149–52, 183, 190
Rural Free Delivery, 4, 188–92, 196, 204–7, 213, 218
Homestead Act, 123
Hoover, Herbert, 220, 233
Hoover, J. Edgar, 219
Hope Diamond, 239
Hopson, “Wild Bill,” 226–27
Howland, Esther, 97–98
Hubbard, Gardiner Greene, 186
Huger, Alfred, 75–76
Hume, David, 24
Hutchinson, Thomas, 10, 24
Hutsinpillar, C. A., 206
Indians, see Native Americans
Industrial Revolution, 3–4, 12–13, 43, 95–96, 100, 146, 183–84, 201
International Postal Congress, 153
Internet, 266–67, 272, 276, 281, 282, 284, 285
Interstate Commerce Commission, 170
Jackson, Andrew, 2, 56, 58, 59, 67–71, 73, 75–76, 101, 103, 147, 149, 182, 183, 202, 203
spoils system of, 2, 68–71, 156
Jacob, John S., 142
James A. Farley Post Office, New York City, 214–16, 240
Jamestown, 22
Jay, John, 40, 52
Jefferson, Thomas, 23, 25, 29, 34, 36, 40, 41, 44, 52, 60, 68–69, 74, 203
on stamps, 101, 147
Jewell, Marshall, 186
John, Richard R., 36
Johnson, Cave, 85, 101, 111, 120
Johnson, Lyndon, 249–51
Johnston, Albert Sidney, 139
Jones, John, 130
Julian, James, 199
Julian, Percy, 199
Junto, 9
Justice Department, 219
Kappel, Frederick, 251
Kappel Commission, 250–54, 272
Kasson, John, 153
Kearny, Stephen, 197
Keith, William, 19
Kelly, Clyde, 82, 207, 216, 220–21, 258, 273
Kelly Act, 226
Kelsey, Edwin, 177
Kendall, Amos, 58, 59, 71–73, 75–76, 85, 129
Kennedy, John F., 250, 256
Kennedy, Robert F., 256
Kielbowicz, Richard, 89
Knight, Sarah Kemble, 15–17
Lee, Robert E., 143, 144, 156
“Letter, The” (Eliot), 181, 182
letters, 90, 91–96, 101, 212
of Civil War soldiers, 145, 147–48, 150
Lever, A. F., 210
Lewis, Samuel, 56
Lewis, Slim, 223
Lewis and Clark expedition, 36, 42, 114