Helper, Hinton, 36
Hendrick, William H., 324
Heney, Bridget, 223–24
Hennessy, Elizabeth, 316
Henry, Edward, 184
Hewitt, Abram S., 272, 427
Higgins, James, 227–28
Higgins, William, 44
Hines, Lewis, 434
Hip Sing tong, 437
Hoffman, Henry, 209, 218–19
Hoffman, John T., 324, 327
Hogan, John, 313
Hogan, Patrick and Mary, 78
Holberton, John, 223, 224
Holland, Ellen “Nellie,” 38–41, 44, 50, 64, 93, 95, 139, 354
homelessness, 70, 360
among children, 109, 131–32
Hone, Philip, 28, 29, 157
Hood, Thomas, 125
Hope Hose Company No. 50, 183–84
Horbelt, Marcus, 284–87
Hor Pao, 416, 420, 423
Hose Company No. 14, 274
Hose Company No. 31, 185
Hot Corn (Robinson), 129–30
House of Lords, British, 60
House of Representatives, U.S., 35, 36, 300, 336
How the Other Half Lives (Riis), 342, 356, 357, 429–31, 441
Howard, Harry, 294
Hoy, Mary, 219
Hughes, Archbishop John, 154, 156, 265, 304, 308, 311
Hughes, John and Mary, 44
Hull House, 267
Humphrey, Moses, 181
hurling, 186
Hyer, Tom, 203–6, 240
Hynes, Mary, 128
immigrants, 16, 18, 19, 36, 42–47, 80, 435–36
assimilation of, 422–23
in boardinghouses, 77, 78
Democratic party’s friendliness to, 148
fraudulent voting by, 321–24
occupations of, 111–13
prostitution and, 20, 217
saloons frequented by, 194
wages of, 103; see also specific nationalities
Impending Crisis of the South (Helper), 36
infanticide, 224, 225
intermarriage: of Chinese and Caucasians, 389, 390, 394, 406, 411, 414, 419–20
of Jews and gentiles, 242
Irish, 1, 2, 19, 38–46, 50, 135–37, 183, 343, 353, 368, 375, 392, 396, 423, 432n, 439
adoption of children of, 259, 263–65
antipathy to Chinese of, 397, 398, 404–6, 414–15
assimilation of, 422, 423
as Bowery B’hoys, 181
boxing by, 201–6
in Civil War, 308
counties of origin of, 48–49
dances of, 173–75
decline in Five Points population of, 343, 344
drunkenness among, 232, 390, 391
effect of cold on, 87–88
financial success of, 137–40
fraternal organizations of, 186–88
infanticide by, 224
intermarriage of Chinese and, 389, 390, 394, 414, 420
liaisons of African Americans and, 263
lodgers taken in by, 77–78
militia companies of, 185–86
occupations of, 111, 113, 114, 119–21, 123, 126–29, 132, 370, 376, 377
in police department, 279–81
in politics, 4, 144, 145, 147, 150, 155–58, 164–71, 268–70, 273, 276, 278, 293–96, 318, 322, 329, 333, 335, 438
prejudice against, 4, 128, 136
as prostitutes, 210–12, 217, 218
as rape victims, 223–24
reasons for immigration of, 50–66
religious antagonism between Italians and, 378–82, 387–88
in revolt against British rule, 300–301, 304
rioting and, 27–32, 290–92, 305, 314–18
as saloonkeepers, 193–95
as sporting men, 182
tenement apartments of, 76, 91–98, 102, 104
theatergoing by, 188
views on slavery of, 303, 304, 306, 311
in volunteer fire companies, 184
Italians, 1, 2, 44, 45, 232, 336, 343–45, 367–88, 391, 396, 397, 400, 404, 432n, 436
assimilation of, 422–23
children sold to labor contractors by, 362–66
conflict between Chinese and, 440
foods of, 368–69
gangs of, 437
hometown societies of, 188
of Mulberry Bend, 357–59
occupations of, 132, 367, 369, 370, 373–77
politics and, 273, 437–38
prejudice against, 4
religious antagonism between Irish and, 378–82, 387–88
Riis on, 426
street festivals of, 382–87
tenement apartments of, 75, 76, 92, 95, 96
Ives, Levi Silliman, 265
Ivins, William M., 147, 150, 168, 320
Jack, John, 218
Jackson, Andrew, 27, 145
James, Ed, 202, 203, 205
Jewett, Helen, 212
Jews, 1, 2, 45, 46, 97, 232, 241–43, 378, 392, 396–98, 440
assimilation of, 422, 423
boxing by, 201
gangs of, 437
increase in Five Points population of, 344
in labor movement, 378
occupations of, 113–14, 118–21
and Protestant charities, 252, 254, 256
Riis on, 426
job training, 251–52, 267
Johnson, Reverdy, 300
Johnston, Bridget, 128
Jolson, Al, 436
Jolson, Harry, 436
Jones, Jenny, 213
Jones, Morgan, 146, 310
Jourdan, John, 293, 310–11, 315, 333
joss houses, 417–18
Journeymen Tailors’ Protective Union, 117–18
Juba, see William Henry Lane
Julius the Street Boy (Alger), 191
junk shops, 119, 128
Kavan family, 78
Kaylor, Elsie, 411
Kearney, Denis, 398
Kellogg, Francis W., 36
Kelly, Ann, 127
Kelly, James, 161, 276
Kelly, John, 158, 294–95, 332
Kelly, John A., 393, 394
Kelly, Judge, 263
Kelly, Patrick, 158–67
Kenmare (Ireland), 38–39, 41, 54, 56, 62, 135, 449n
Kenmare Hurlers, 186
Kennedy, Bernard, 218
Kernan, Frank “Florry,” 148, 150–52, 158, 166, 167, 177, 182, 187, 196, 197
Kerrigan, James E., 182, 274–78, 283, 284, 287, 292–94, 297–302
Kerry, County (Ireland), 38–39, 49, 50–57, 61–63, 77, 92, 98, 102, 135, 139–40
Kerry Men’s Society, 188
Kildare, Owen, 88, 131, 182
Kincaid, Joseph, 59
Know Nothing party, 36, 181, 268, 279–82, 290, 292, 306
Knox, Reuben, 221
Kohler, Frederick D., 153, 158
Ku Klux Klan, 301, 305
kung saw, 416
Kunz, Ignatz, 80
laborers, 111, 113, 120–21, 136, 137
Italian, 367, 370–71, 373–75
seasonal employment of, 114–16, 120–21
Laborers’ Union Benevolent Association, 121
La Guardia, Fiorello, 438
Lane, Johnny “Hammer,” 202
Lane, William Henry “Juba,” 173–75
Lansdowne, Marquis of, Irish estate of, 38–39, 49–55, 61–65
immigrants from, 39–40, 63–65, 77, 93–96, 98, 121, 123, 132, 135, 137–40, 186, 196, 335, 344, 354
Laughlin, Elizabeth, 210, 261–62
laundries, Chinese, 401–4, 416
laundry: drying, 83–85
taking in, 138, 139
Lawrence, Cornelius W., 294
Layden, John, 160, 161
Lee, John, 160
Lee, Robert E., 308
Lee, Tom, 410–13, 415, 422, 423, 437
Leggett, William, 179
L’Enfant, Pierre, 14
Leo XIII, Pope, 381,
388
Leon, George, 260
Letters from New York (Child), 34
license law, 278, 292
Lincoln, Abraham, 2, 235–340, 299, 304, 307, 311, 314
Little Italy, 367, 382, 436, 438
Live and Let Live Saloon, 226
Livingston family, 15
lodgers, 77–78, 90–91, 96, 103, 122–23, 139, 430
lodges, fraternal, 186
Loftus, James, 227
Loon Ye Tong, 412, 415, 437
Lorillard family, 15
Lost and Found, The (Halliday), 237
Lowell, James Russell, 430
Lower East Side, 81, 343, 350, 432n, 434
Low Life (Sante), 3
Lynch, Bernard, 379–80
Lynch, Thomas F., 379, 381–82, 386, 387, 414, 419
lynching, 314, 391
Maclay Act (1842), 154, 155, 158
Macready, William, 166
Magnes, John, 159, 161, 167
Maguire, John Francis, 65, 126–27, 232
Maguire, Tom, 166
Malaysians, 440
Mangin, Bridget, 208–9
manufacturing, 114, 346, 376, 378–79
Marcantonio, Vito, 438
Martindale, Gen. John H., 299–300
Masons, 186
mass transit, 434
Mathers, Joseph, 118
Mathews, Cornelius, 173, 176, 180, 185
Mathews, Pat, 276–78, 281, 283, 287, 290–92
Matteawan State Hospital for the Criminally Insane, 389, 393–95
Matthew T. Brennan Hose Company No. 60, 146, 168, 171, 183, 310
McCaffery, William, 30, 31
McCall, Catherine, 129
McCarthy, Callaghan, 98, 135
McCarty, Bridget, 209–12
McCarty, Johanna, 77, 95–96
McCarty, Mary, 225
McCasken, Margaret, 219
McCleester, John, 166, 203, 205
McClellan, Gen. George B., 299
McCloskey, Henry, 281
McClusky, Country (ring name of John McCleester), 182
McCormack family, 78
McCunn, John H., 311, 322–23, 333
McDermott, Andrew, 104
McGean, James, 380
McGowan, Ann, 128
McGowan, Pat, 136, 232
McHugh, Margaret, 44
McLoughlin, Thomas, 388, 418, 419
McManus family, 78
McMaster, James A., 249
McMasters, Mary Jane, 90, 91
McNulty, Patrick, 225, 226
Meehan, Peter, 220, 221
Methodists, 18, 35, 43, 105, 245–46, 248, 249, 251, 341, 343, 418–19, 423
Metropolitan Police Act (1857), 278–79, 282, 291, 297
Metropolitan Police Board, 280
Mexican-American War, 180, 274, 284, 299
militias, 29, 185–86, 200, 297
Miller, Adeline, 217
mining, 373–74
minstrel troupes, 189
Molly Maguire boys, 277
Molony, Harry, 284
Monroe Hall, 164, 165, 166, 194, 202, 243, 286, 332
Moon, Joe, 182
Mooney, Thomas, 11
Moore, Edward “Teddy,” 226–27
Morgan, George, 222
Moriarty, Honora, 93
Moroney, Jim, 201
Morrissey, John, 203, 206, 275
Morrow, John, 106–10, 261
Morse, Samuel F. B., 29
mortality rates, 353, 358
Morton, William, 225
Moy Jin Kee, 418–19
Mozart Hall, 298, 299
Mulberry Bend, 93, 345, 357–61, 372, 374–78, 426, 428, 429, 431–34, 441
Mulberry Boys, 269–71, 277, 283, 284
Mulberry Hall tenement, 352–54
Muldoon, Laurence, 123
Mullen, Mary, 237–39
Mullin family, 78
murders, 207, 212, 222, 225–28, 389–91, 432
politically motivated, 275, 313–14
Murkitrick, William, 218
Murphy, Alice, 90
Murphy, Jeremiah, 378
Murphy, Patrick, 220, 221
Murphy, Patrick and Mary, 137
musicians, street, 178, 362–66, 369–70
mutual aid societies, 374
Chinese, 397, 412, 415–16
Nagle, John T., 427
Nast, Thomas, 305, 329
National Temperance Society, 248
Native American party, 181
nativism, 148, 181, 186, 290; see also Know Nothing party
naturalization: fraudulent, 323–24, 333
of Chinese, ban on, 421–22
Naylan, Margaret, 126
Nealis, James, 317
Nealis, William, 218
Nealus, Bill, 152
needle trades, 111–14, 117–18, 122–26, 134–35, 308, 376, 440–41
New Deal, 438
New Haven Orphan Asylum, 110
newsboys, 109, 130–33, 139, 169, 335, 392
Italian, 370
theatergoing by, 190–91
thieves posing as, 220
New York African Society for Mutual Relief, 186, 315
New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor (AICP), 116, 134–35, 244, 266, 307, 435
New York Board of Health, 73, 347, 349, 352, 353
New-York City Temperance Alliance, 248
New York City Tract Society, 243–44
New York Colored Orphan Asylum, 305
New York Commissioners of Emigration Labor Exchange, 115
New York Customhouse, 144, 276
New York District Attorney’s Office, 127, 208, 311
New York Foundling Hospital, 265
New York by Gas Light (Foster), 213
New-York Ladies’ Home Missionary Society, 105, 245–50
New York News Association, 340
New York Sacred Music Society, 10
New York Society of Amateur Photographers, 428
nightclubs, 436–37
Noah, Major, 169
Norris, Catherine, 129
North American Hotel, 177
Norton, Mike, 324
Norton, Peter, 324
O’Brien, James, 328–29
O’Brien, John A., 413
O’Connell, Daniel, 304
O’Connell Guard, 29–30
O’Daniel, Mary, 210–12, 217
Odd Fellows, 186
O’Flaherty, Edward, 264
Old Baptist Church tenement, 352–53
Old Brewery tenement, 67–71, 91, 93, 220, 248–49, 266, 343, 423, 433–35, 441
Oliver Twist (Dickens), 32
Olympic Theater, 189–90
O’Neil, Felix, 148, 152
O’Neill, Judy, 137–38
O’Sullivan, John, 39, 54–56, 62, 135
Opdyke, George, 310
opium dens, 409–11, 413–15
Order of Ancient Hibernians, 186
Order of United Americans, 186
organ-grinders, 369–70
Orpen, John, 221
Oschatz, Francis, 220
outhouses, tenement, 73–75, 85–86, 89, 347, 349, 353
Owens, Richard, 227
padroni, 362–66, 370–73, 377, 378
Palmerston, Lord, 49–52, 54–56, 58–59
immigrants from Irish estate of, 59–62, 64, 111, 135, 136, 232
panel houses, 213
Panic of 1837, 142
Panic of 1857, 134–35
Parker, Shivers, 156
Parliament, British, 49n
parlor houses, 212
patronage, 4, 147–50, 276, 278, 279, 292, 297
pawnshops, 116, 119
Pease, Lewis N., 105, 197, 199, 208, 245–56, 259–63, 267
peddlers, 111, 118–20, 177, 439
children as, 108, 109, 129–33
Chinese, 396, 397, 400–401, 413
Italian, 358, 367,
375–76
women as, 129
Peirano, Luigi, 368
Pelham Club, 437
Penny, Virginia, 376
Pete Williams’s place, 172–73, 198–99
Peterson, William, 222
photographs: by Brady, 235
by Hines, 434
by Riis, 2, 342, 350, 351, 355, 359–60, 377, 383, 384, 427–30, 441
used for charitable fund-raising, 238–39
pickpockets, 220, 392, 393
Pickwick Papers (Dickens), 32
Plunkitt, George Washington, 206, 334
Poles, 44
Police Athletic League, 423
police department, 184
corruption in, 228–29, 394
politics and, 146–47, 160–61, 167–68, 170, 269, 274, 278–80, 292, 293, 295, 310
Riis’s reporting on, 425–26
riot against, 280–292
Police Ring, 311
policy gambling, 196, 408–9
Polk, James K., 143–44
Poole, Bill “The Butcher,” 275
Port Arthur Chinese restaurant, 408, 436
potato famine, 38–40, 43, 44, 48–50, 55–58, 61–62, 65–66, 71, 353
Price, Edmond E., 411
primaries, 150–52, 158, 159, 166, 320–21, 333
Prime, Samuel, 78
prizefighting, see boxing
prostitution, 1, 4, 19–20, 24, 192, 200, 207–19, 233, 237, 433
arrests for, 218–19, 229
in Chinatown, 440
ethnicity and, 217
Patrick Kelly and, 160, 161, 164
murder and, 212, 226, 227
political corruption and, 336
poverty as cause of, 105, 215–16
relocation to Greenwich Village of, 346
robbery and, 213, 220
solicitation of business in, 213–14
of teenagers, 208–12
Protestants, 19, 192, 230, 241, 243, 413, 423
charitable activities of, 233–34 (see also specific institutions)
in politics, 278
and public schools, 154–55; see also specific denominations
public schools, 154–56, 252
“Punch and Judy” shows, 177
Quakers, 435
Quin, Charles, 213
Quin, Eliza, 136, 140
Quinn, Eleanor, 128
Quinn, James, 136
Quinn, Richard, 281
Quitman, John, 224
race riots, 7–13, 27–29, 32, 187
Rafferty, Eliza, 224
ragpickers, 376–77
railroad construction, 373–74, 398
Ralph, Rose, 96
rape, 223
Reagan, Margaret “Wild Maggie,” 259
Red Men, 186
Reilly, Hugh, 260
Republican party, 36, 148, 151, 268, 293, 301, 318, 320
during Civil War, 299, 309, 310
Hyer and, 206
Italian support for, 438
and Lincoln’s campaign visit to New York, 235, 240
Metropolitan Police established by, 269, 278, 292
in presidential elections, 304, 305, 307, 312–14, 325
slavery and, 36, 265, 279, 280, 312
and Tweed’s downfall, 329