On the Origin of Species 2, 46, 58, 63, 69–71, 73, 76
religious views 60–4
Darwin, Emma 63–4
Dawkins, Richard 15, 55, 116–17
determinism 48–50, 57, 66, 79, 104, 123
Deism 11–12, 22, 41, 62, 64
Dembski, William 81
Descartes, René 46–7, 111
design 14, 21–2, 47, 51, 52–3, 62, 64–5, 69, 81–3
see also Intelligent Design; Paley, William
divine action, see theology
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor
The Brothers Karamazov 55–6
Dover Area School Board 82, 95–6
Drummond, Henry 44–5, 56–7, 72, 115
dualism 110–11, 112
E
earth, age of 65, 89–90, 93, 94–5, 98, 99
Ecclesiastes 112
education 3, 10, 75–6, 83, 87, 95, 96–7, 101–3
Einstein, Albert 35, 49
Eliot, George
Middlemarch 113
Ellis, George 15
Ellis, Havelock 119
emergence 111
Epperson, Susan 94
ethics
and evolution 115–17, 121–2, 124–5
sexual 118–25
see also altruism
eugenics 79
evil, problem of, see theology
evolution
Anglican responses 58–9, 71–7
divinely guided 79, 80, 95
of humans 8, 77–80, 115–17, 121–5
inheritance of acquired characteristics 77–9
and Islam 80, 88, 90–3
and Judaism 79
Roman Catholic responses 79–80
alleged root of modern evils 12, 86, 90–1
see also creationism; Darwin, Charles; Intelligent Design
F
faith 53–5
Fall, the 76–7, 112
falsifiability 99–100, 103
‘fine tuning’ 52–3
First Amendment, see United States of America
Fitzroy, Captain Robert 61, 74
free will 4, 59, 76
fundamentalism 22, 86–7, 88, 90–5
G
Gage, Phineas 107–8
Galileo Galilei
telescopic discoveries 7, 24–6
supports Copernican astronomy 7, 23–6, 27–31
views on science and scripture 22–3, 26–8, 30–3
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems 7–8, 28–30
tried by Inquisition 1–2, 18, 30–1
Genesis, Book of 22, 88–92, 112, 118, 119
genetics 77–9, 81, 100
geology 22, 46, 64, 65, 76, 90, 92, 93, 95, 98
Gingerich, Owen 3
God
as creator 1, 8, 11–12, 51, 52, 58, 71–2, 88–93, 95
as designer 14, 45, 47, 51, 52, 64–5, 69, 82, 93, 98
as first cause/prime mover 41–2, 46, 50–2
‘God of the gaps’ 44–6, 50, 51, 56–7, 98, 115
as law-giver 46–7, 50–3, 71–2, 101
and miracles/providence 26, 37–57
and natural theology 11–12, 14, 21–2, 64–5, 72
omnipotence 28–30, 62
and realism 35–6
and revelation 11–12, 21–2, 26, 38, 42, 62
tinkering/capricious 41–2, 45, 47, 50, 99, 101
see also theology
Gray, Asa 73
H
heaven and hell 55–6, 63–4, 105–6, 113–14
Hindu ‘milk miracle’ 40
homosexuality 90, 105, 118–19, 122–4
Hooker, Joseph 74–6
human evolution, see evolution
human nature, see ethics; mind; nature; soul
Hume, David 53–4
Huxley, Thomas 2, 63
debate with Wilberforce 73–6
I
ichneumon wasp 62–3, 76
immortality
in religious traditions 105–6, 110, 112
subjective 113
Inherit the Wind 13, 84
Intelligent Design
as an American phenomenon 2, 9, 12, 81–3, 93–6
arguments against 45, 62, 82, 96–101
and bacterial flagellum 81–2, 97–8, 99–100
and Catholic Church 80, 82
and ‘creationism’ 93–6
and educational reform 101–3
‘irreducible complexity’ 21–2, 81–2, 97–8
scientific status contested 99–101
see also Dover Area School Board
Islam 2, 15–16, 17, 21, 38–40, 42, 51–2, 80, 87–8, 90–3, 106
J
Jefferson, Thomas 10, 94
Jesus 38, 54–5, 74, 124
Johnson, Philip 81
Jones, Judge John E. 82, 99
Judaism 2, 16–17, 21, 51–2, 79, 106
K
Kepler, Johannes 30
Kingsley, Charles 72–3
Kuhn, Thomas 34–5
L
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste 65–6, 77–9
Laplace, Pierre Simon de 46
Larson, Edward
Summer for the Gods 84
laws of nature 38–40, 44, 46–8, 50–4, 123
Leibniz, G. W. 46
life after death, see immortality; resurrection
Lourdes 40, 42–4, 45
Lyell, Charles 58–9, 64, 65
M
Malthus, Thomas 64, 67–9
masturbation 119–20, 123
materialism 2, 12, 48–50, 66, 80, 93, 104, 115
medicine 16, 20, 42, 45, 60, 105, 118–21, 123–4, 125–6
Mendel, Gregor 77
Mersenne, Marin 47
mind
in religious traditions 105–6
scientific study of 104–5, 106–11
miracles 4, 22, 37–48, 53–7, 89, 113
Mivart, St George 80
moon 4–8, 23–6, 40
Moore, G. E.
Principia Ethica 122
morality, see ethics
Morris, Henry M. 90, 92, 95
Moses 38
Muhammad 38–40
multiverse hypothesis 52–3
N
nature
book of nature 11–12, 17, 20, 21–2, 31, 62
as ethical guide 121–5
human nature 104–5, 115–17
laws of nature 38–40, 44, 46–8, 50–4, 123
natural theology 11–12, 14, 21–2, 64–5, 72
‘naturalistic fallacy’ 121–2
Nazism 79
neo-Darwinism 77–9, 81, 100, 116
neuroscience 16, 106–11, 112
Newton, Isaac 2, 7, 11, 30, 35, 45–6, 46–7, 49–50, 58, 101
Noah’s flood 89–90
O
Onania 119–20
Overton, Judge William 96, 99
Owen, Richard 73, 75
P
Paine, Thomas 10–12, 22, 55, 64, 114
Paley, William 14, 21–2, 64–5, 69, 81–2
Paquette, Vincent 109–10
Paul, St 35, 38, 112, 118
Persinger, Michael 109
phrenology 107
physicalism 111, 112–13
Polkinghorne, John 3, 15
Price, George McCready 90, 92
Protestantism 16, 18, 27, 44–5, 80, 87–93
see also Reformation
Psalms 1, 8
Ptolemy 23–6, 31, 34, 35
Q
quantum mechanics 48–50
Quran 21, 38–40, 87–8, 92–3
R
realism
scientific 31–5
theological 35–6
Reformation 18, 27, 31, 44
resurrection 38, 55, 105–6, 112–13, 125
revelation 11–12, 14, 21–2, 26, 38, 42, 62, 73
Roman Catholic Church 1–2, 14, 16, 18, 22–3, 26–33, 37–8, 42–4, 79–80, 109
Royal Society 20, 75
S
Schleiermacher, Friedrich 44
science
demarcation criteria 99–101, 103
and the future 125–6
history of 2, 9–10, 34–5, 45–6
and observation 4–8, 18, 19, 23, 24–5, 30, 31–5, 49–50, 64, 99–100
philosophy of 4–8, 19–22, 31–5, 46–8, 99–101
scientific instruments 5–7, 19, 24–5, 32–3, 99
scientific revolution 19–21, 46–7
see also realism
science and religion
as an academic field 13–17
complexity 3, 15–17
conflict 1–4, 9–13, 15, 18, 26, 58–9, 73–6, 83
harmony 2–3, 15–17
political dimension 3–4, 7, 9–13, 27–31, 40, 75–6, 79, 81–7, 93–6, 102, 121, 122–6
Scopes trial 13, 30, 83–90, 94
scripture
literal interpretation of 21, 26, 35–6, 59, 74, 86–90, 92, 93
see also Bible; Quran; revelation; Torah
sex 90, 93, 118–21, 122–4, 125
soul 59, 79–80, 86, 104–6, 110, 112–13
supervenience 111
T
Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre 80
telescope 5–7, 19, 24–6, 32
Temple, Frederick 73
Templeton Foundation 14–15
theology
divine action 4, 37–57
‘extinguished theologians’ 2
natural theology 11–12, 14, 21–2, 64–5, 72
problem of evil 62, 76–7
and science 14–15, 17, 44–6, 50–2, 76–80, 81–2, 98–9, 110–11
theologians’ dilemma 41–4, 55–7
theological realism 35–6
Thomas, St (Apostle) 54–5
Torah 21, 38, 88, 112
see also Genesis, Book of
Trent, Council of 27
U
United States of America
anti-evolutionism 2, 9, 10, 81–103
First Amendment to Constitution 9, 82–3, 93–6, 99, 102–3
founding fathers 10–12, 94
McCarthy era 13
opinion polls on evolution/creation 95
science education 10, 83, 87, 95, 96–7, 101–3
Supreme Court 87, 94–5
see also Church and state
Urban VIII, Pope (Maffeo Barberini) 28–33
V
van Fraassen, Bas 34–5
W
Wallace, Alfred Russel 68–9, 77
Watts, Isaac 114
Whewell, William 71
Wilberforce, Samuel 73–7
Wilde, Oscar 118–19
Y
Yayha, Harun 90–2, 93
Z
Zygon 14