language of, 2.1, 2.2
purpose of
Synoptic, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
time written
See also individual books
Great Church, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5
Greece
Gymnasion, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1
Hades, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1
Haggada, 3.1, 3.2
Halakha, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
Hamartia, 4.1
Hannah
Hanukkah, 1.1, 1.2
Hasidim, 1.1, 5.1
Hasmoneans, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7
Heaven, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2
Hebrews (Paul’s Letter)
Hellenization, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
Hephestion, 1.1, 1.2
Heretics
Herod, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
Herod Antipas, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2
Herodotus
Herod Philip
Hildegard of Bingen
Hill of Zion
Hoi hagioi, 5.1
Holy of Holies, 1.1, 1.2
Homosexuality, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
“Hymn to Love”, 3.1, 3.2
Hyrcanus II, 1.1, 1.2
ICHTHUS
Idumeans
Ignatius of Antioch
Incarnation
Isaiah, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2
Isaiah, Book of, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 5.1, bm1.1
Israel, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 6.1
Jacob, itr.1, 2.1, 6.1, 6.2, bm1.1
James, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 6.1
Janiculum, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3
Jaspers, Karl
Jeremiah, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1
Jerome
Jerusalem, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1
Jesus Movement, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 4.1, 7.1
church network in
as form of Judaism
house-churches of, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2
kergyma in, 4.1
subcommunities in
universalization of Judaism and
Jesus of Nazareth
arrest
ascension, 5.1, 5.2
baptism, 2.1, 4.1
betrayal of, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4
birth of, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2
Body of
as central reality
as Cosmic Christ
passim
crucifixion, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 7.1
cultural effect of, itr.1, itr.2
Good News and, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 4.1
healing power of, 2.1, 5.1
as human
ideals of
impressions of
as King of the Jews
as Lord of the Universe
as Magician
as Messiah, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1
miracles of, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 4.1
as New Adam
Paul and
post-resurrection appearances, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2
and prayer, 4.1, 4.2
resurrection, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, bm1.1
as revolutionary
role of food for, 2.1, 3.1
as sage
as Son of God, 3.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
as Son of Man, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 6.1
teachings of, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1
and Time-That-Has-Come, 2.1, 2.2
views on women, 2.1, 3.1
as Word of God
Jesus Seminar
Jews
Covenant with God
diaspora, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4
as enemies, 6.1, 6.2
followers of Jesus
Hasidim, 1.1, 5.1
Hellenization of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4
marginalization of
in Middle Ages
noachides, 4.1
relations with gentiles, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5
Roman, itr.1, 1.1
Job, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, bm1.1
Job, Book of
Joel, 5.1, 5.2
John, Gospel According to, 2.1, 2.2, 6.1, bm1.1
anti-Judaism in
cultural process in
final form of
resurrection in, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2
Johnson, Paul, 4.1, 4.2
John the Baptizer, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, bm1.1
John the Elder, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5
John the Evangelist, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
John the Visionary, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1
Joseph of Arimathea
Joseph of Nazareth, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 4.1
Josephus
Joshua
Judaism
afterlife and
Anawim in
ancient
authentic
Christianity out of, 2.1, 6.1
circumcision in, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1
common prayer in
dietary restrictions in
dilution of, 1.1, 1.2
diversity of, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1
enragé, 4.1
ethics of, 2.1, 6.1
factions in
Festival of Lights, 1.1, 1.2
laws of
Messianists, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1
normative
Orthodox, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1
outside ideas and, 1.1, 1.2
rabbinical, 2.1, 3.1, 6.1
role of Jesus in
secular
“something new” in
strict observance of
tribalism in
universalization of, 4.1, 5.1
Judas, 2.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 7.1
Judea, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 6.1
Justice, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2
Kagan, Donald, 7.1, 7.2
Kerygma, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2
Kierkegaard, Søren
Kindness, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1
King, Martin Luther, 5.1, 6.1
King of Kings. See Alexander the Great
Koester, Helmut
Koinonia, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1
Languages, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 5.1
Laodicea
Lao-Tsu
Last Judgment, 5.1, 7.1
Last Supper, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, bm1.1
Law of Moses, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, bm1.1
Lazarus, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1
Lepidus
Letter to Philemon, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2
Letter to the Church at Colossae
Letter to the Colossians
Letter to the Philippians, 5.1, bm1.1
Letter to the Romans
Levites, 4.1, 4.2
Leviticus, Book of, 3.1, 3.2, 6.1
Libraries
Light/heat
Lion of Judah
Lord’s Prayer
Lord’s Supper
Luke, 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2
“creeping Catholicism” and
dismissal of
elegant writing of
knowledge of Jesus
tactful nature of
views of Jesus
Luke, Gospel According to, 2.1, 3.1, 6.1, bm1.1
alterations in
description of the Church
gentile leanings, 4.1, 4.2
Good Samaritan in
infancy narrative in
Last Supper in
Mary in
resurrection in, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2
story of Paul in, 3.1, 3.2
subtlety of
Luther, Martin, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2
Maccabees, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
Maccabees, First Book of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5
Maccabees, Second Book of, 1.1, 6.1
Maccabeus, Jonathan
Maccabeus, Judas, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7
Macedon, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1
Magnificat of Mary, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 4.1
M
arch of Remembrance for the Roman Jews
Mark, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2
as amaneunsis
as interpreter
Mark, Gospel According to, 2.1, 2.2, 6.1
bluntness of
miracles in
origins of
resurrection in, 3.1, 5.1
Mark Antony
Marriage
Martyrdom, 1.1, 3.1, 5.1
Mary of Bethany
Mary of Nazareth, 2.1, 6.1, bm1.1
Mary the Magdalene, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1, 7.1
Matthew, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 4.1, 4.2
Matthew, Gospel According to, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 6.1, bm1.1
content of
infancy narrative in
Jesus’s sermons in
Joseph in
language of
origins of
resurrection in, 3.1, 5.1
subtlety of
Matthias
Meier, John, 4.1, 6.1
Mercy, 5.1, 6.1
Messiah, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1
promise of, 1.1, 3.1
Messianists. See Judaism, Messianists
Micah, 2.1, 2.2
Micah, Book of
Michael (archangel), 1.1, 3.1
Midrash, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 7.1
Miracles, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 4.1, 5.1
Mishnah
Missal
Missionaries of Charity
Mizpah
Moloch
Monotheism, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2
Mosaic Law. See Law of Moses
Moses, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 7.1
Moses, Five Books of, 1.1, 2.1
Mount Gerizim
Mount of Olives, 6.1, 6.2
Mount Sinai
Muggeridge, Malcolm
Murphy-O’Connor, Jerome, 3.1, 5.1
“Mystical Body of Christ”
Nathaniel, 6.1, 6.2
Nazareth, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1
Nero, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2
Nicodemus
Noachides, 4.1
Oppression of women
dismantling of
Paul’s view
Orientalism, 1.1, 4.1
Origen
“Our Father” prayer
Palestine, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 6.1
Papacy, itr.1, 7.1
Parables, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 6.1
Parthenogenesis, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
Passover, 3.1, 5.1, 6.1, bm1.1
Patriarchy, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1
Patrick of Ireland, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1
Paul, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, bm1.1
beheading of
conflict over writings
conflict with Peter
conversion of
Damascus experience
education of
emphasis on freedom, 3.1, 3.2, 6.1
imprisonment of
as inventor of Christianity
letters of, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1
missionary work, 3.1, 3.2
perceptiveness of
separation of accidentals from essentials
temperament
theological thought, 3.1, 3.2
views on women, 3.1, 3.2
Paul IV (pope)
“Pavement of Stone”
Peaceable Kingdom, 1.1, 1.2
Penitence
Pentecost, 5.1, 6.1
Persia, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
Pharisaism
Pharisees, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 6.1
Philemon, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5
Philip, 6.1, 6.2
Philip II (King of Macedon), 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5
Philippi, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1
Philippians
Philippians (Paul’s Letter)
Philistines
Pilate, Pontius, 3.1, 6.1, 7.1
Plato, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4
Pneuma, 5.1
Pogroms
Polytheism
Pompey, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4
Potok, Chaim, 7.1, 7.2
Prayer, 4.1, 4.2
Prester John
Prisca, 5.1, 5.2
Prodigal son parable
Prophets/prophecies, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 7.1
Protestant Reformation
Ptolemy, 1.1, 1.2
Q, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
Quakers
Reconciliation
Redemption
Resurrection, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, bm1.1
Revelation, Book of, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2
Righteousness
River of Life
Rock. See Simon Peter
Romans (Paul’s Letter)
Rome, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2
First Triumvirate in
Republican, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4
Romero, Oscar
Roxane, 1.1, 1.2
Ruach, 5.1
“Rune of Hospitality, The”
Sabbath, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2
Sadducees, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, bm1.1
Saint Peter’s Basilica
Salome, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2
Samaria
Samaritans
Samuel
Sanders, E. P.
Sanhedrin, 2.1, 3.1
San Paolo fuori le Mura (church)
Sapphira
Sargon II (King of Assyria)
Satan, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1
Saul (King of Israel)
Secularization
Seleucids, 1.1, 1.2
Seleucus
Seneca, 3.1, 4.1
Septuagint, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2
Sermon on the Mount, 2.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1
Shavuot
Shofar, itr.1, itr.2
Shroud of Turin, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, bm1.1
Sibylline Oracles, 1.1, 1.2
Sibyl of Cumae
Silas
Simeon
Simon
Simon Peter, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2
conflict with Paul
crucifixion of
Simon the Pharisee, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1
Simon the Tanner
Slavery, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 7.1, 7.2
Socrates
Sodom
Solomon
Sophocles
Soul, existence of
Sparta, 1.1, 1.2
Spartacus
Spirit
Age of, 5.1, 5.2
described
effects on disciples
of the Father
of God, 1.1, 5.1
holy
inspiration from
invisible presence of
of Jesus
oneness of
physical expression of
power of
pre-existent
reception of, 2.1, 5.1
strength of
Stephen, 5.1, 5.2
Stoics, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2
Suetonius
Suffering, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6
Supper of the Paschal Lamb
Susa
Symposion, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1
Syria, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1
Tacitus, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2
Talmud
Tarsus, 3.1, 4.1
Temple
Abomination of Desolution in
Altar of Sacrifice in
common prayer in
destruction of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 4.1
Hellenization of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
“Herod’s”
restoration of, 1.1, 1.2
ritual sacrifice in, 4.1, 4.2
Romans and
Second, 1.1, 4.1
“Wicked Priest” of
Ten Commandments, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5
, 2.6, 3.1
Ten Lost Tribes
Teresa of Calcutta, Mother, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3
Thebes, 1.1, 1.2
Theophilus
Thessalonians, First
Thessalonians, Second
Thessalonica
Thiering, Barbara
Thomas the Doubter, 2.1, 5.1, 6.1
Timothy, 5.1, 5.2
Timothy, First
Timothy, Second, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1
Titus Justus
Tongues, speaking in, 3.1, 5.1
Torah, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1
Transjordan
Trastevere, itr.1, 7.1, 7.2
Trinity
Twelve Tribes of Israel, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1
Tyre, 1.1, 1.2
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Uomini e Religioni
Valley of Hinnom
Vatican
Circus
Hill
Virgil, 1.1, 1.2
Way of Life, 1.1, 2.1, 5.1 passim
Wealth, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
Women
church participation by
as disciples
discrimination against
in gospels
inequality of
marriage and
oppression of
sisterhoods of
subordination of
Wormwood star
Yeshua. See Jesus
Yuan Zhiming
Yunus, Mohammed
Zarathustra
Zealots, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1
Zebedee
Zechariah, 4.1, 7.1
Zechariah, Book of
Zionists
JESUS AS THE GOOD SHEPHERD
In the earliest depictions of Jesus—in the Roman catacombs—there is no attempt to portray him as he may have looked in life. Rather, the first Christians relied on long-established conventions and types borrowed from pagan art. In their depiction of Jesus as the Good Shepherd, for instance, he is shown as the typical beardless youth of pagan mythological art. In fact, the whole scene is simply a re-presentation of the conventional portrayal of the Greek hero Orpheus.
ORPHEUS WITH THE ANIMALS
The Greek hero Orpheus, who, because he was known to have pacified wild beasts with his music, was always shown surrounded by peaceful animals.
ORANS FIGURE
Many of the figures of early Christian art are Christians themselves, anonymous to us, shown in their customary attitude of prayer, palms raised in front of them (the same posture that Muslims adopt to this day). This orans (or praying) figure was found in the Catacomb of Santa Priscilla, named for the same Prisca (Priscilla being the affectionate diminutive) who befriended Paul.
PETER AND PAUL
From the earliest attempts to depict them, Peter and Paul are shown not as conventional types but as real men with specific physical characteristics, leading us to the conclusion that their visages were well known to many Christians, especially in Rome, where both apostles spent their last years. Peter (left) is normally the larger of the two and has a round, sympathetic face, surrounded by curly white hair of head and beard. Paul (right) is smaller and leaner, usually with a pointed beard and sharp features and always bald. When the artist is skillful enough, Paul is inevitably represented with lines of tension across his brow.