CREDITS
The author has endeavored to credit all known persons holding copyright or reproduction rights for passages quoted and for illustrations reproduced in this book, especially:
Harcourt, Inc., for the passage from “Ithaca” in Before Time Could Change Them by C. P. Cavafy, English translation copyright © 2001 by Theoharis C. Theoharis; and for passages from The Metamorphoses of Ovid: A New Verse Translation, English translation copyright © 1993 by Allen Mandelbaum.
Harold Matson Co., Inc., for the passage from “The Hag of Beare” in The Book of Irish Verse, English translation copyright © 1974 by John Montague.
Nick Hern Books for the passage from Frederic Raphael and Kenneth McLeish’s translation of Medea by Euripides, copyright © 1994 by Kenneth McLeish and Volatic Ltd.
Oxford University Press for the passages from Plato: Republic, copyright © 1993 by Robin Waterfield, and Plato: Symposium, English translation copyright © 1994 by Robin Waterfield.
Random House, Inc., for “The Wanderer” from Collected Poems by W. H. Auden, copyright © 1930 by W. H. Auden.
Scribner, an imprint of Simon & Schuster Adult Publishing Group, for the passage from “Sailing to Byzantium” in The Collected Works of W. B. Yeats, Volume I: The Poems, Revised, edited by Richard J. Finneran; copyright © 1928 by The Macmillan Company; copyright renewed © 1956 by Georgie Yeats.
University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, for the passages from Hesiod’s Theogony, English translation copyright © 1959 by Richmond Lattimore.
Viking Penguin, a division of Penguin Group (USA) Inc., for the passages from The Iliad, by Homer English translation copyright © 1990 by Robert Fagles, and The Odyssey by Homer, English translation copyright © 1996 by Robert Fagles; for the passage from Agamemnon in Aeschylus: The Oresteia, English translation copyright © 1966, 1967, 1975 by Robert Fagles; and for the passages from Oedipus the King in Sophocles: The Three Theban Plays, English translation copyright © 1982 by Robert Fagles.
PHOTO CREDITS
Jacket © foto Pedicini / INDEX, Firenze
1.1 Photo by Paul Lipke / Courtesy of the Trireme Trust, England
1.2 Alinari / Art Resource, NY
1.3 Bridgeman Art Library
1.4 Alinari / Art Resource, NY
1.5 Alison Frantz Collection, American School of Classical Studies at Athens
1.6 Photograph courtesy of the Royal Ontario Museum © ROM
1.7 INDEX, Firenze
1.8 Craig Mauzy, Athens
1.10 Nimatallah / Art Resource, NY
1.11 The Art Archive / Luxor Museum, Egypt / Dagli Orti
1.12 The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Fletcher Fund, 1932 (32.11.1)
1.13 Drawing by Candace Smith; © Candace Smith and Andrew Stewart
1.14 Foto Marburg / Art Resource, NY
1.15 Alinari / Art Resource, NY
1.16 Alinari / Art Resource, NY
1.17 Alinari / Art Resource, NY
1.18 Alinari / Art Resource, NY
1.19 INDEX, Firenze
1.20 Nimatallah / Art Resource, NY
1.21 Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples / Bridgeman Art Library
1.22 Foto Marburg / Art Resource, NY
1.23 The Art Archive / Acropolis Museum, Athens / Dagli Orti
1.24 Ashmolean Museum, Oxford
1.25 Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin-Preußischer Kulturbesitz / Photo by Jürgen Liepe © bpk, Berlin
1.26 Erich Lessing / Art Resource, NY
1.27 Scala / Art Resource, NY
1.28 Acropolis Museum, Athens / Bridgeman Art Library
1.29 The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Fletcher Fund, 1927. (27.45)
1.30 Nimatallah / Art Resource, NY
1.31 Araldo De Luca, Rome
1.32 Alinari / Art Resource, NY
1.33 Giraudon / Art Resource, NY
1.34 Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin-Preußischer Kulturbesitz / Photo by Johannes Laurentis © bpk, Berlin
1.35 Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin-Preußischer Kulturbesitz / Photo by Ingrid Geske © bpk, Berlin
1.36 © The British Museum, London
1.37 Réunion des Musées Nationaux / Art Resource, NY
1.38 Staatliche Museen zu Berlin-Preußischer Kulturbesitz © bpk, Berlin
1.39 Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin-Preußischer Kulturbesitz / Photo by Johannes Laurentis © bpk, Berlin
1.40 Douris, Kylix (wine cup) with erotic scene, ceramic red-figure. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Gift of Landon T. Clay (1970.233). Photograph © 2003 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
1.41 Mirror cover with Eros and Symplegma, bronze. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Gift of Edward Perry Warren (RES.08.32c.2). Photograph © 2003 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
1.42 Apulian Red-Figure Bell Krater by the Name Vase of the Choregos Painter. Courtesy of the J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu (96.AE.29)
1.43 British Museum, London / Bridgeman Art Library
1.44 Vatican Museum, Rome © Bildarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin
1.45 Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen
1.46 Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen
1.47 Erich Lessing / Art Resource, NY
1.48 Hirmer Fotoarchiv, Munich
1.49 foto Pedicini / INDEX, Firenze
1.50 Scala / Art Resource, NY
1.51 Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin-Preußischer Kulturbesitz / Photo by Ingrid Geske © bpk, Berlin
1.52 Giraudon / Bridgeman Art Library
1.53 Lauros / Giraudon / Bridgeman Art Library
1.54 Alinari / Art Resource, NY
1.55 Alinari / Art Resource, NY
1.56 Erich Lessing / Art Resource, NY
1.57 The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1909 (09.39)
1.58 © The British Museum, London
1.59 The Art Archive / National Glyptothek, Munich / Dagli Orti
1.60 Tosi / INDEX, Firenze
1.61 Photo by Yves Siza © Musée d’art et d’histoire, Ville de Genève (19026)
1.62 AKG London
1.63 © Scala / Art Resource, NY
1.64 Private Collection / Bridgeman Art Library
1.65 Studio Kontos, Greece
1.66 Albertinum, Dresden
1.67 The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore
1.68 Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe, Hamburg
1.69 NASA
INDEX
Academos
Academy
accounting, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2
Acharnians (Aristophanes), 3.1
Achilles, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 3.1, 3.2
Acropolis, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 6.1
Adam and Eve
Aegean Sea
Aegisthus, itr.1, 4.1
Aeneas
Aeneid (Virgil), 3.1, 7.1
Aeolian mode
Aeschylus, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 5.1, 7.1
Agamemnon, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2
Agamemnon (Aeschylus), 4.1
agapē, 5.1, 7.1
Agathon, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 6.1
Agavē
agnosticism
Ajax, 1.1, 2.1
Alaric
Alcaeus
Alcibiades, 5.1, 5.2
Alcman
Alexander the Great, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2
alphabet, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 7.1
American democracy, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1, 7.2
Anabasis (Xenophon), 1.1
Anacreon
Anaktoria, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
anarchy
anatomy, human, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4
Anaxagoras, 5.1, 7.1
Anaximander
Anaximenes
Andromache, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 4.1, 7.1
andron, 3.1, 5.1, 6.1
Angela’s Ashes (McCourt), 4.1
antiheroes
Antilochus
&nb
sp; Aphrodite, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3
Apollo, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 7.2
Apollo (“the Belvedere”)
Apology (Plato), 5.1
Apuleius
Arcadius, Roman Emperor of the East
archaeology
archaic sculpture, 6.1, 6.2
Archilochus, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 6.1
architecture
architraves
archon eponymos, 4.1, 4.2
archons, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4
Ares, 2.1, 7.1
aretē, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1
Argonauts
Ariadne
Ariadne auf Naxos (Strauss), 6.1
aristocracy, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 5.1
Aristophanes, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
Aristotle, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1
art, itr.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1
Artemis, itr.1, 4.1, 4.2
Arthur, King
Aspasia
Assembly, Athenian, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1
Assembly Women (Aristophanes), 5.1, 5.2
Astyanax, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1
atheism, 7.1, 7.2
Athena, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2
Athēnē Promachos, 4.1, 7.1
Athens, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1
athletics, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
Atlantis
atoms
Atreus, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4
Auden, W. H.
Augustine, of Hippo
Augustus, Emperor of Rome
auloi, 3.1, 3.2
aurea mediocritas, 6.1
Autumn of War, An (Hanson), 1.1
Aztecs
bacchae, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2
Bacchae (Euripedes)
barbarians, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1
basileus, 4.1
beauty, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Bentley, Richard
Beyond Good and Evil (Nietzsche), 5.1
Bible, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1, 7.1
Birth of Tragedy, The (Nietzsche), 4.1, 5.1
Boardman, John
boundary lines, 6.1, 6.2
boustrophedon style
Bronze Age, itr.1, 1.1, 4.1
Buddha
Burkert, Walter
Burns, Robert
Bush, George W., 1.1, 7.1
buskins, 4.1
Byzantium
Caesar, Julius
Calchas
Calliope
Calypso, 2.1, 2.2
Carson, Anne
Cassandra
catharsis, 4.1, 4.2
Catherine of Siena
Caucasians
causation
Cavafy, Constantine, 2.1, 2.2
cella
Celts, itr.1, 6.1
change, constant, 5.1, 6.1
chanting
Chaos
chariots
Chartres cathedral
Charybdis
Cheney, Dick
children, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1
choral performances, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5
Christianity, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6
Chryses, 1.1, 1.2
Chrysippus
Churchill, Winston S.
Cicero, itr.1, 5.1
Circe, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
City of Peace, 2.1, 3.1
Clio
Clytemnestra, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
Cnossos
colonnades
comedy, 5.1, 6.1
competition, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1
concentration camps
conquistadors
consonants, 2.1, 2.2
Constantine I, Emperor of Rome, 7.1, 7.2
Corinth, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
cornices
courtesans, 3.1, 5.1, 7.1
Courtly Love
Cox, Harvey
Crete, itr.1, 6.1, 6.2
crime
Cronus, 1.1, 3.1
crucifixion
culture
alien, itr.1, 6.1, 6.2
of leisure, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
warrior, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1
cuneiform
Cupid
cyclopes, itr.1, 2.1
Cynics
Daedalus
daimonia, 5.1, 6.1
Dalai Lama
dance, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1
David (Michelangelo), 6.1
death, 1.1, 1.2, 5.1
debtors, 4.1, 4.2
Delphi, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1
Demeter, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 1.1, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3
democracy, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3
Democritus
Demodocus, 2.1, 2.2
Demosthenes, 1.1, 6.1
Desire of the Everlasting Hills (Cahill), 6.1, 7.1
Desire under the Elms (O’Neill), 6.1
deus ex machina, 4.1
Diamond, Jared
dicastēria, 4.1
Dinner with Persephone (Storace), 7.1
Diomedes
Dionysia, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1
Dionysus, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1
dios, 1.1
Diotima, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5
dithyrambs
Donen, Stanley
Dorian mode
Draco
drama, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2
dreams
drinking, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2
drinking cups, 2.1, 6.1, 6.2
Eagleton, Terry
Earth, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 1.1, 1.2, 6.1
eclipses, solar
Ecumene
Egypt, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5
Einstein, Albert
Ekklēsia, 4.1, 7.1
Ekklēsiazousai (Aristophanes), 5.1
Electra, 4.1, 4.2
elements
Eleusinian Mysteries, 7.1, 7.2
Elgin marbles
Eliot, T. S.
Elysian Fields
Émile (Rousseau), 1.1
emotional expression, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2
Empedocles, 5.1, 5.2
Enlightenment, 4.1, 5.1
ephors, 4.1
epic poetry, 2.1, 2.2
Epicureans, 7.1, 7.2
epithalamia, 3.1
Erato
Eris
Eros, 3.1, 6.1, 7.1
eros, 3.1, 5.1
Eryximachus, 5.1, 5.2
essence, 5.1, 5.2
Eubulus
eudaimonia, 5.1, 7.1
Eumenides, 4.1, 4.2
Eumenides (Aeschylus), 4.1
eunomia, 4.1
Euripides, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5
Euterpe
Evander
Evans, Arthur
Exekias
exposure of infants
facades, temple
Fagles, Robert, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1
“Fall of the House of Atreus, The”, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
family, 1.1, 3.1, 5.1
fate, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1, 7.1
festivals, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 5.1
Forms (Platonic), 5.1, 6.1, 6.2
Freud, Sigmund
friendship, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1
friezes, sculptural, 6.1, 6.2
Funeral Oration of Pericles
Furies, 4.1, 4.2
Galileo
Gedankenexperiment, 5.1
Genesis, Book of
geometric pottery
geometry, 5.1, 6.1
gerousia, 4.1, 4.2
Gettysburg Address
Gifts of the Jews, The (Cahill), 7.1
glossary, Greek
gnosticism
God, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4
&nbs
p; Golden Ass, The (Apuleius), 7.1
Golden Fleece
Good Friday
goodness, 5.1, 5.2
Gospels of Luke and John
Graduate, The (Broadway version), 6.1
grand unified theory, Einstein’s attempts at
Great Mother, itr.1, itr.2
Greece
agricultural traditions in, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 1.1, 4.1
chronology of
city-states of, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2
colonies of, 4.1, 6.1, 7.1
cultural revolution in, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1
democracy in, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 7.1
landscape of
language of, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3
population of, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1
prehistoric, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1, 7.1
trade in, itr.1, itr.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
warrior culture of, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1
Greek Orthodox Church, 6.1, 7.1
Greeks
as citizens, 4.1, 4.2
classes of, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1
cultural superiority felt by, 4.1, 6.1
Hebrews compared with, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1
male-centered ideal of, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
Gregorian chant
guilt
Gulf War, First
Gulf War, Second
Gulliver’s Travels (Swift), 1.1
Guns, Germs, and Steel (Diamond), 1.1
gymnasium, 5.1, 6.1
Hades, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2
“Hag of Beare, The” (early Irish lyric), 7.1, 7.2
hamartia, 4.1, 5.1
Hanson, Victor Davis, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5
Harvey, Paul
Hebrew language, 2.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1
Hebrews, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1
Hector, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1
Hecuba, 1.1, 4.1
Hedges, Chris
Hegelochus
Heisenberg, Werner
Helen of Troy, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 4.1
Hellenic period, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
Hellenistic art
helots, 4.1
Henry V (Shakespeare), 6.1
Hephaestus, 2.1, 7.1
Hera, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 7.1
Heracles (Hercules), 1.1, 6.1
Heracles (Euripides), 3.1
Heraclitus, 1.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4
hermaphrodites
Hermes
herms
Herodotus, 2.1, 5.1, 7.1
heroes, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1
Hesiod, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1