Euripides, The Bacchae, 336–41
European civilization, voluntary possession in modern, 365 sq.
Excitement, emotional, a cause of possession, 117
Exorcism, a cause of possession, 97, 109, 215–7, 233; a cure for —, 100 sq.; examples of, 100 sq.; Christian, 101 sq.; Janet’s modern —, 109 sq.; early Christian —, 165–6; use against sickness, 24; description of — in Central Africa, 134; — from a distance, 166; — of the Zar, 231 sq.; — of the sick by the pigmies of the Malay Peninsula, 244–5; by the Malays, 273–5
Exorcist addresses himself to the “demon,” 104; success dependent on character, 105; success of early Christian exorcists, 165; exorcists mainly uneducated, 165; exorcists victims of possession, 80, 92, 163
Expressive stereotypes, 19
Extraneous power, idea of constraint by, 125
Farnell, L. R., on the Delphic chasm, 316–7; identification of priests with divinities, 346
Feeble-minded and compulsive ideas, 87
Félida, case of, 369
Fichte, J. H., on the oracles, 385
Fiji Islands, possession in, 285–6
“Five great families” of anima spirits in China, 224
Flavius Philostratus, story from the biography of Apollonius of Tyana, 6–7
Foxes, possession by, 95, 106–7, 224–8. See also Animal possession
France, possession in modern, 202; spiritualism in, 366 and note
Francis of Assisi, cure of possession by, 8–9, 181–2
Franco – Anglo – Saxon psychology, 122–3
François de Paule, St., cure of possession by, 184–5
Fraser, J. G., on ritual dances, 242–3
Fraud in possession, 266, 279
Freimark, case of a young sculptor, 369–70
French psychology, hysteria and possession in, 126–7
Fritz-Algar case, 70–5
Frobenius, on possession in Central Africa, 133–6
Fröhlich, R., on possession in modern India, 213–4
Fromer, J., story of exorcism of the dibbuk, 207
Gall, St., story of possession from the life of, 8
Genesis of possession, 91 sq.; of voluntary possession, 249, 266, 269, 276, 283, 284, 291, 292
Germany, possession in, 202–3; spiritualism in, 365
Giliaks, Shamanism amongst, 294
Giraldus Cambrensis on possession in Wales, 195
Glossolalia, 28, 60, 87, 374, 375
Goodwin case, 197–8
Græco-Roman world, voluntary possession in, 311 sq.
Greece, cases of possession from pagan literature of, 61; possession in ancient —, 155–7; possession in modern —, 196–7; voluntary possession in ancient —, 311 sq.
Gregory of Tours on possession and its treatment, 8
Gregory the Great, case of multiple possession from, 161; infection of a priest, 162; possession as a consequence of sin, 162
Gudem, F., possession of a child of ten related by, 33
Guiana, primitive cure for headache in, 120
Hallucination the beginning of possession, 94; — and the delusion of possession, 121, in the spectators, 108, in the exorcist, 109, induced by the exorcist, 110; hallucinatory ideas, 121; — systems of psychoses, 128; amongst savages, 134, the Veddas, 249, the Ba-Ronga, 378
Hametz, the, 290–2
Harnack, A., on the nature of possession, 11; inner division in possession, 32; on exorcism, 105; the Egyptian priests, 151; demonology in the second century, 158; Christian use of exorcism, 164
Hausa, the, possession – dances amongst, 255–63
Hélène Smith, case of, 19, 34, 367, 368
Heliodorus on the Pythoness, 320, 322
Hellenic period, belief in demons in, 157; destruction of literature of, 159–60; superstition in, 170; possible peculiar psychic gifts in, 384, 388–9
Henry the Saint, cure of possession by the body of, 183–4
Heraclitus on the Pythoness, 314
Heredity, in so-called Shamanism, 244, 270, 280, 285; in true Shamanism, 302–3; in the priesthood of Apollo at Claros, 345
Hiccupping a prelude to possession, 139
Higher criticism and possession, 192–4
Hilarión, St., cure of possession by, 106; cure of a possessed camel by, 124 note
Homer, possession in, 155–6
Hsi, Pastor, cures of possession by, 221–4
Hypermnesia in possession, 73, 74; somnambulistic —, 267
Hypnotic suggestion and possession, 73 note 107; in the case of Achille, 113–4
Hysteria and possession, 85 and note; relationship to possession, 125 sq., — in epidemics, 190; influence of general outlook on, 126; history of, 128 note; — among the Jews, 171; in modern Greece, 196–7; amongst savages, 240; the Veddas, 249 note
Ikóta in Russia, 203–5
Imitative instinct amongst primitives, 238
Impersonations of historical, etc., personages, 18–9, 58
Impressions of others experienced indirectly, 54
India, possession in ancient, 172; in modern, 213, 215; voluntary possession in, 348–9, 351
Indians, possession amongst South American, 287; Brazilian, 288–9; North American, 289–92; of Peru and Mexico, 292; psychic structure of, 292–3
Infectious nature of possession, 92, 93, 135, 138, 162
Inhibitions in acute psychasthenia, 125
Intellectual form of possession, 121
Interpenetration of subjects, 47, 54
Isolation a cure for possession, 109 Italy, modern, possession in, 203
Jamblich on the mysteries, 343–4
James, W., acount of the Watseka Wonder, 210–1; — and spiritualism, 365–6, 374
Japan, animal possession in, 95, 106–7, 225; belief in spirits in, 224; exorcists, the Nichiren, 225; possession in, 225–9
Josephus, Flavius, exorcism in the name of Solomon, 169–70; by bara root, 170; telekinesia in, 382
Jung, C. G., case of somnambulism quoted from, 367, 368–9
Justin Martyr on the oracles, 330
Kabbala, exorcism in, 185
Kabyles, possession amongst, 132–3
Kamchadals, Shamanism amongst, 294, 299
, theories of the, 151–4; Dionysiac intoxication designated as , 337; the temple-sleep, 386
Kerner, J., constant references to, 9–36; the maid of Orlach, 21; lucid possession, 40, 42; doctor’s task to make the “demon” speak, 96–7, 105
Kintorp, epidemic of possession at, 40
Kirghiz, Shamanism amongst, 294, 306
Knowledge of normal personality by possessing one, 35–6
Koriaks, Shamanism amongst, 294, 306
Kroll on Vettius Valens, 152–3
Lactance, Father, case of, 92–3, death of, 117
Lalita-Vistara, possession cured by the Maya, 174
Lang, A., possession in China, 219; amongst the Zulus, 365; definition of possession, 375
Languages, unknown, spoken by possessed, 137, 144; — of the gods spoken by possessed, 159; archaic and periphrastic — spoken by possessed, 268, 270, 272; special — used for oracles in Peru, 292
Lavater on expressive stereotypes, 19 note
Lemaître, A., Fritz-Algar case, 70–5
Leo Africanus, on possession in North Africa, 186
Le Roy, on possession amongst the Bantu races, 143–4
Lions, possession by, 144–5
Living, possession by the, 27–8, 58; by wizards (Australian aborigines), 239; by witches (Burmah), 352
Lodge, Sir O., 366; séance with Mrs. Piper, 372–3
Loss of consciousness in possession, 32–3
Loudun, epidemic of, 50
Lucan, description of the Pythoness, 331
Lucas, Father, case of, 92–3
Lucian, account of a Syrian exorcist, 6
Lucid possession, 44 sq.; — and divided personality, 45; case of Father Surin, 14, 50–7, 77; amo
ngst Tonga Islanders, 278, the Melanesiane, 280–1, the Sibyls, 332 sq.
Lurancy Vennum, case of, 210–1
Luther and possession, 186–7
Lycanthropy, 191
Madagascar, possession in, 138
Malay Archipelago, the Bataks, 265–75; the Besisi, 275; animal possession, 276
Malay Peninsula, the pigmies, 243–6; the Malays, 273–6
Manuale Exorcismorum, 102, 119–20
Mariner, W., possession in the Tonga
Islands, 238, 276–80, 371
Mary Jobson of Sunderland, 196
Masked dances, amongst the South American Indians, 287–8; the Hametz, 291
Maya, the, possession-cures by, 174
Mayor, M., possession in Kabylia, 132–3
Maximilla, 76
Mecca, Zar-possession in, 231 sq.
Medical treatment a cause of possession, 48, 96–8; a cure for possession, 144
Mediums, in China, 219; the Malay pigmies, 244–6; the Veddas, 246–52; the Bataks, 266 sq.; in New Guinea, 284–6; suggestible nature of, 243; early death of, 266, 268, 269, 272, 363–4; mediumistic trances, 366
Melanesiane, possession amongst, 280–4, 381
Menschwerdung, M. von der, temptations of, 82
Mesopotamia, cradle of belief in demons, 147–8; psychic affections and sickness in, 148
Metaphysical, the, voluntary possession a means of contact with, 377
Methylene blue, cure of possession by, 108
Meynard, on possession amongst mystics, 80
Middle Ages, possession in, 176 sqq.; in Africa, 263–4
Mikhaïlovsky on Shamanism in Russia, 294
Minucius Felix, on the oracles, 327–8
Miss A. B., case of, 27–8
Missions, Christian, and possession, 106, 379–80
Mohammedan world, possession in, 233
Mongols, Shamanism amongst, 294
Montan, 75–6
Moral inferiority and acceptance of compulsions, 85–7
Moral judgment of the possessed in the early Church, 164
Motor phenomena in possession, 22–5, 33–4, 35, 64; without corresponding affective state, 90; not a necessary concomitant of possession, 121; in hysteria, 126–7
Müller case, 23–5
Muse, possession by the, 156, 228, 346–8
Music, use of, in exorcism, 134–5, 137, 140–1; in Ceylon, 216, 234–5; a means of provoking possession, 253, 266, 268, 271; absent amongst Tonga Islanders, 276, 279; — amongst the Hametz, 291; in true Shamanism, 296; in the Dionysiac cult, 336, 340
Mystics and possession. See Surin, Suso, also p. 80 sq., 86
Myths, possession the origin of, 378
Name-spell in early Christian exorcism, 167–8
Nevius, J. L., accounts of possession in China, 219
Newbold, T. J., on the pigmies of the Malay Peninsula, 243–5
New Testament, cases of possession in, 3–5, 12, 28; a source of knowledge of possession in the ancient world, 159
Norbert of Magdeburg, St., cure of possession by, 182–3
Norwood, G., on the Bacchœ, 341
Nymphs, possession by the, 364
Obsession, definition of, 77; not always a state of division, 78; forms of, 78–9; in saints and mystics, 80; tendency to become true nature, 85
Obsessive intuition and imagination, 47
Old Testament, possession in, 168–9
Oppenheim, H., on obsessions, 79
Oracle, of Delphi, 311–31; of Argos, 344; of Ægira, 345; of Amphikleia, 345; of Claros, 345; Didymaic —, 345; of Dodona, 345; of Colophon, 346; basis of Hellenic oracles, 349; analogy with Wu-possession, 358; oracles in China, 358–61; Parapsychic phenomena in oracles, 383–4, 388
Origen on exorcists, 165–8; on the oracles, 326, 328–30
Ostiaks, Shamanism amongst, 294, 297, 304
Owen, Rev. G., on animal spirits in China, 224
Palestine, possession in, 212–3
Papuans, the, beliefs concerning the soul, 284
Paralytics and the delusion of possession, 121
Paranoia and the delusions of possession, 121; — bears the “stamp of the times,” 128
Parapsychic phenomena, in Africa, 144; in a Jewish exorcism, 210; amongst the Bataks, 267 sqq.; amongst the Melanesiane, 281–3; in spiritualism, 366, 371–5; appendix on, 381–9
Parasites, delusions concerning, 122
Paré, Ambroise, case of a young gentleman, 48–9, 63; description of the possessed, 123 note
Paris, magic papyrus of, 100–1, 172
Pastime, possession as a, 231, 237
Pathological temperament and enthusiasm, 157; — symptoms accompanying possession (cases illustrating), 34, 40, 96, 97–8, 178, 183, 195, etc.
Pathology, psychic, historical survey of, 128
Patristic writings and possession, 159; outlook on possession in, 163–4
Personality, transformation of, in possession, 21, 26 sq., 34; — and the expressive stereotypes, 19; unstable nature of — amongst primitives, 134, 138, 238, 261; stable nature of — amongst the Red Indians, 293
Persson on the oracles, 388
Petrus Gonzalez, St., cure of possession by, 184
Philo on the prophets, 342
Philodemos on the “temple sleep,” 153
Physical maladies, attributed to demoniacal influence, 96, 119, 120; in Mesopotamia, 148; identification of — with possession favours growth of latter, 124; — confused with possession, 131, 217; — and possession in ancient India, 172; sympathetic —, 257; — in Hausa possession-dances, 256; cured by mediums, amongst the Veddas, 250, the Hausa, 262, the Bataks, 269, the Tonga Islanders, 277
Physiognomy, change of, in possession, 17–9, 59–60
Pigmies, possession amongst, in the Malay Peninsula, 243–6; in the Andaman Islands, 246; psychic poverty of, 273. See also Veddas
Piper case, the, 371–4
Plato, attitude towards ecstasy, 157; — and Kant, 157 note; referred to by Clement of Alexandria, 159; theory of sin, 163; on the oracles, 325; on poetic inspiration, 347
Play-acting, in voluntary possession, 241; amongst shamans of Northern Asia, 308; in Siam, 353
Plotinus the true ecstatic, 157 and note; poem on — uttered by the oracle, 324
Plural possession, 26, 27; Gregory the Great’s case, 161; amongst primitives, 266
Plutarch, on the oracles, 312, 314, 315, 321–2, 387
Podmore, F., case of Miss A. B (possession by the living), 27
Poetic inspiration, 156, 228, 327–8, 346–8
Poetic springs of Greece, 319–20
Polynesia. See Tonga Islands
Porphyry, on Plotinus, 157 note; the poem given by the oracle, 324; polemic against, by St. Augustine, 330; on the oracles, 331
Possessed become exorcists, 143; doctors and soothsayers, 224
Possession, theory of, 38–9; distinguished from somnambulism, 39, from obsession, 77; most prevalent among the uneducated, 99
Possession-religions, the Bori, 255; the Malays, 265–76; the Wupriesthood, 355–60; spiritualism, 386–75, Poulain, on possession and obsession, 77; possession and the saints and mystics, 80, 82 (Ste. Jeanne de Chantal), 86
Present day, possession in, 124 sq.; difference between — and antiquity, 127; voluntary possession (spiritualism) in the higher civilizations, 348 sq.
Prevorst, Clairvoyante of, 76–7 note, 384
Primitive races, spontaneous possession amongst, 131 sq.; suggestibility of, 134, 138; instability of personality amongst, 236 sq.
Prophecy, in Greek antiquity, 156 note, 342, 384; in the Dionysiac cult, 340; amongst the Bataks, 272, the Tonga Islanders, 279; in spiritualism, 374; possession and —, 381
Protestantism and possession, 192–4, 202, 379
Psychasthenia, compared with possession, 47; — and exorcism, 107; inhibitions in acute —, 125; history of—, 128
Psychic disturbances, in ancient India, 173; autosuggestive — amongst savages, 240;
in Hausa possession-dances, 256; distinguished from possession by the Bataks, 268, by the Melanesians, 280, 282;—in New Guinea, 285
Psychic epidemics. See Epidemics
Psychoanalysis and possession, 117
Psychology, without a subject, 38, 64; theological —, 77; French — on hysteria and possession, 126–7; Franco-Anglo-Saxon — and possession, 122–3; racial — and possession, 131 sq.
Psychopathic literature, 78
Pythoness of Delphi, history of, 312; nature of inspiration, 313–5; reality of the Chasm, 316–20; psychic state during inspiration, 320; early death of, 321; death by autosuggestion of, 321–2; collaboration of the priests, 322–3; social influence of, 324; decline of the oracle, 326; Christianity and the oracle, 326–31; the problem of parapsychic phenomena, 383–8
Questions, attitude of possessing “demons” towards, 63, 65
Rabbulas, attitude of, towards the possessed, 164
Racial and religious psychology and possession, 131 sq.
Rationalism and possession, 379, 389
Relations between the possessed and
his “demon,” 60 sq., 69
Religion, history of, and possession, 276
Remorse the origin of possession, 109–17, 162
Resistance to compulsions, 82, 83 sq.; proportionate to strength of character, 85–6
Ribet, M. J., on possession and obsession, 83
Rice-sieving, possession during, 237
Richer, P., on hysteria, 126–7
Rituale Romanum on exorcism, 101–4, 166
Rohde, E., on prophets in ancient Greece, 156 note; description of the Dionysiac cult, 336
Roman Empire, demonology in, 170
Romantic movement in Germany, in relation to possession, 194–5; revolt against Age of Enlightenment, 194–5; attitude towards Shamanism, 295; — and spiritualism, 365
Rougé, E. de, story from an Egyptian stela, 148
Russia, possession in, 196, 203; the Samoyedes, 203–5; cure by Johann Kronstadtski, 206; exorcism of the dibbuk, 207–10; thanatomania in, 239–40; true Shamanism in, 294 sq.; parapsychic phenomena in, 382
Sacrifice in exorcism, 135, 137, 143, 144, 146, 231, etc.
St. Vitus’ dance, 187
Samoyedes, ikóta amongst the, 204; Shamanism amongst the, 294, 297–8, 299, 300
Saul, possession of, 168–9
Scaramelli on the mystic life, 82
Schizophrenia, 203
Scott, Sir W., on witchcraft, 196; the Goodwin case, 197–8
Sculptor, case of a young, 369–70
Secondary personality, never developed in hysteria, 129