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INDEX
Page numbers listed correspond to the print edition of this book. You can use your device’s search function to locate particular terms in the text.
Note: Page numbers in italic refer to photos, maps, and accompanying captions.
Abelson, Philip, 19, 28–29
actinides, 227
actinium, 227
AEC, See Atomic Energy Commission
Afghanistan, 239
African Americans, 74–75, 89, 218–19
Aiken, S.C., 216
air pollution, 104–5, 123, 252
air raid shelters, 169
Alamogordo, N. Mex., 2
Alaska, 246
Alaska Highway, 67
Albuquerque, N. Mex., 147
Allison, Samuel, 150, 196–97
alpha particles, 14, 54, 226
Alsos (counterintelligence group), 118–21
Altadena, Calif., 79
aluminum, 95, 137, 235
aluminum tubes, 91, 235
Alvarez, Luis, 18–19
Amarillo, Tex., 216
American Chemical Society, 227
American Museum of Natural History, 12
americium, 228
Anderson, Herbert, 23, 26, 48, 85–86, 264
antiballistic missiles, 203
antimony, 16
antinuclear movement, 244
anti-Semitism, 21
arms control efforts, 131–32, 200–204, 207–9
arms race, 131–32, 197, 200–201
Arnold, Henry, 143
artificial radioactivity, 15
Ashworth, Fred, 157, 161, 162
Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission, 187
“atomic bomb disease,” 179–81, 183, 184
Atomic Bomb Museum (Nagasaki), 188
atomic bomb(s)
American public’s support for use of, against Japan, 191–93
and avoidance of land invasion of Japan, 194–95, 198–99, 213, 273
consideration of “demonstration”
of, 128
as existential threat, 275–78
first, 137–38, 146–52, 148
Groves’ and Stimson’s meeting with Truman regarding, 124–25
gun-type design, 114, 116–17, 124
Hiroshima vs. Nagasaki, 2–4, 116
implosion-type design, 114–17, 124–25, 126, 137–38
light emitted by exploding, 150–51
Oppenheimer’s description of, for Interim Committee, 126
plutonium as potential component of, 32–35, 38–40
as potential German threat, 22, 34, 37, 45–48, 86, 107, 118–21
as potential Soviet threat, 131
proliferation of, 127, 223–24
Soviet detonation of, 210–11
Szilard and development of, 22–23
targeting considerations, 120–21, 128, 129, 139–44, 208
testing of, 208; See also Trinity test
“usefulness of,” 195
atomic energy, non-military uses of, 209, 221, 222, 224–26, 228, 232–33
Atomic Energy Act, 207; See also McMahon bill
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 209, 213–16, 219, 225, 226, 231, 233, 250
Atomic Heritage Foundation, 258
atomic nucleus, 11
Atomic Quest: A Personal Narrative (Compton), 197
Atomic Scientists of Chicago, 201
atoms, 10–11, 18–20
B-17 bombers, 76
B-25 bombers, 43
B-29 aircraft, 135, 153–54, 157–59, 162, 257
baby boom generation, 219
Ballard, Del, 213, 216–17, 219–20, 255–57
balloon bombs, 135–36
Bangor, Wash., 242
Barcelona, Spain, 129
Bard, Ralph, 125
Barnes, Phil, 157
Battelle Memorial Institute, 236
Beahan, Kermit, 159–60, 162–63, 173
“Bell of Peace,” 242–43
Bells of Nagasaki, The (Nagai), 172, 186
berkelium, 228
berylliosis, 264
beryllium, 25, 54, 264
beta decay, 226
“B houses,” 108
Big Stink, 158, 159
Bikini Atoll, 208
Bly, Oregon, 136
Bock, Fred, 158–61
Bockscar, 154–60, 163, 202
Boeing Corporation, 154
Boeing Field (Seattle), 76
Bohr, Niels, 24, 227
Boise, Idaho, 123
bomb shelters, 169
“boomers,” 72
boron, 25–26, 54
Boyer, Paul, 212–13
B Plant, 90, 102
B Reactor, 89–94, 90, 96–101, 99, 215, 223, 239, 255–58, 271–72
B Reactor Museum Association (BRMA), 256–58, 272
Brezhnev, Leonid, 239
Brookhaven National Laboratory, 264
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 205
Bush, Vannevar, 36–41, 38, 46, 47, 124, 125, 127, 147, 149, 201
Byrnes, James, 125, 127–28, 194
C-47 transport planes, 123
cadmium, 57
California Institute of Technology, 13
californium, 229
cancer, 16, 107, 230–31, 250, 252, 253, 259–65, 272
Cantwell, Maria, 258
carbon, 26
carbon dating, 17
carcinogens, everyday exposure to, 262–63
Carnegie Institution, 36
Carter, Jimmy, 239, 240
Cascade Mountains, 72, 73, 111
censorship, 68–69, 184–85, 205
Centers for Disease Control, 260
centrifuges, 32, 33, 103
cerium, 104
cesium-137, 101
Chadwick, James, 10, 148
Chapman, Claribel, 72–73
chemicals, separation, 106, 122–23
Cherenkov radiation, 101
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, 226, 244–45, 261
Chicago, Ill., 43, 57; See also Metallurgical Laboratory (Met Lab); University of Chicago
Chicago Pile 1 (reactor), 57–59, 59, 86, 264
Chicago Pile 2 (reactor), 86
Chicago Sun, 43
Chicago Tribune, 185
China, 43, 129, 212, 225
China Syndrome, The (film), 243–44
Churchill, Winston, 142, 149, 208
civilians, military attacks on, 129–30, 140, 144
Clark, William, 69, 269
Clayton, William, 125
climate effects, of nuclear exchange, 176, 275
Clinton, Bill, 247, 269
Clinton Engineer Works, 95
closed-circuit television, 103
cobalt-60, 16
Cold War, 5, 210–13, 216, 217, 234, 238, 275
Columbia Basin Community College, 265
Columbia Generating Station, 244
Columbia River, 1, 4, 6, 66, 74, 90, 111, 278
employee residences along, 109, 239
Indian tribes along, 69–70
Kennedy on, 223
placement of reactors along, 89, 239
pollution of, 105, 248, 250, 262
preservation efforts, 269
as source of cooling water, 1, 93, 96, 214, 215
Columbia University, 21, 23, 26, 35, 41, 56, 86
Committee on Social and Political Implications, 130; See also Franck committee
Committee on the Present Danger, 238
communism, 212, 219
Community Concert Association, 217
compartmentalization, 88, 202
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, 234
Compton, Arthur, 37, 38, 41–43, 46–48, 56–58, 60, 88, 125, 126, 130–33, 135, 146–48, 197, 264
Compton, Karl, 125
Compton effect, 37
computers, 115, 207
Conant, James, 41–42, 46, 124, 125, 147, 149, 201
Congress, 46, 109, 200, 205, 207, 208, 222–23, 237, 241, 256–58
Connell, Wash., 78
Consequences of Radiation Exposure (group), 271, 272
control rods, 57, 92, 97–98, 100, 243
cooling, reactor, 90, 92, 93, 94, 95, 211, 214, 215, 221, 222, 243
copper, 30, 137
Corps of Discovery, 69
Cosmos Club, 41
counterintelligence, 118–21
C Reactor, 213, 214, 216
critical mass, 112–14
Cuban missile crisis, 222, 223, 275
Curie, Marie, 228
Curie, Pierre, 228
curium, 228
cyclotron, 12, 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 30, 32, 227, 228
Daniels, Willie, 89
D-Day, 118
DDT, 251
Deen, Carolyn, 234–37, 247, 253, 265
Deen, Tom, 235, 253–54, 265
demonstration bombing, consideration given to, 128, 132
Denver, Colo., 192
Department of Energy (DOE), 4, 250, 252, 255–58, 260, 266–68
deterrence, 224
deuterons, 16
Dillon, Kathleen, 223, 234–37, 247–48, 253–54
Dillon, Robert, 235–36
disarmament, 208
DOE, See Department of Energy
Donne, John, 138
Doolittle Raid, 43
Douglas, Michael, 243
DR Reactor, 214
duds, 54, 113, 114, 117, 121
DuPont (E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company), 1, 5, 55–56, 58, 60, 71, 72, 75, 87–89, 92–96, 98, 103, 106–9, 122, 213–16
du Pont, Irénée, Jr., 56
dust storms, 73, 85
Dutch traders, in Japan, 143
dysprosium, 228–29
Eastern Washington University, 247
East Pasco, Wash., 219
Eckhart Hall (University of Chicago), 56
Einstein, Albert, 20, 21
einsteinium, 230
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 118, 220
&nbs
p; electrons, 11, 14, 24, 31, 226–27
elements; See also specific elements
heavy, 14–16
number of protons in, 11
transuranic, 28–29, 226–30, 245
Ellis, Bob, 242
Enola Gay, 153, 158, 202, 257
environmental movement, 244
Environmental Protection Agency, 266
espionage, See spying and espionage
Europe, as nuclear target, 120–21
europium, 228
evictions, 63–70
Farrell, Thomas, 149, 150, 152, 159
Fast Flux Test Facility, 240
Fat Man, 116, 155, 155–56, 211
“fear psychosis,” 203
Federation of American Scientists, 201
Federation of Atomic Scientists, 201, 202
Fermi, Enrico, 18, 130, 150, 225, 236, 272
and atomic bombings of Japan, 197–98
and B Reactor, 86, 91–97, 93–94
chain reaction demonstration of, 54, 57–59, 59
at Columbia, 23, 25–27, 35
death of, 230–31, 263
early work of, 20–21
on extraterrestrial visitors, 274–75
and Interim Committee, 126
at Los Alamos, 147, 151–52
at Met Lab, 48
near drowning of, 278
and Scientific Advisory Panel, 133, 134
and Trinity test, 151–52
Fermi, Laura, 21, 230
Fermi Paradox, 274–75
fermium, 230
Fernald Feed Materials Production Center, 216
Findlay, John, 109
fire-bombings, 128, 129, 136, 140, 144, 159
fission, 22–28
and critical mass, 112–14
dangerous by-products of, 101
discovery of, 18–20
heat produced by, 44
spontaneous, 113–14
509th Composite Group, 154
fizzles, 113, 114
Flenniken, Steve, 253
Fonda, Jane, 243
Fort Lawton, 79
Fort Peck Dam, 81
Fort Worden, 81
Fox, John, 272
France, 225
Franck, James, 13, 85, 130–33
Franck committee, 130–33, 145, 195, 199, 201
Franck report, 130–33
F Reactor, 89, 90, 100, 234
French, Colleen, 256
Fuchs, Klaus, 211, 212
Furman, Robert, 121
Gable Mountain, 68, 90, 102
gadolinium, 228
gamma rays, 14, 24, 31, 90, 174
Garber, Jan, 76
General Advisory Committee (AEC), 231
General Electric Company, 214–15, 217, 219