Constantinople 10
continental drift 171
Wegener's theory 71–8
in basalts of east Greenland 87
and convection 90, 91, 97–8
and earth's magnetism 92, 97
dating of 97
and plate tectonics 91, 101, 315
reacceptance of 101, 102
Wilson's conclusions 104–5
Jeffreys opposes the concept 304n
continental plate collision 112–13, 307
continental shrinking 73
continental tectonic material 112, 113, 114
controllers 156
convection 90, 91, 97–8, 109, 302
Cook, Captain James 119–20, 121, 122, 298, 354
Copenhagen 80, 82, 196
Cotopaxi volcano, Ecuador 308
Cotteau, Edmond 356, 358, 360
‘ country trading' 31–2
Court Javanese language 124n, 127
Creole language 261
Cressonnier, Louis 208, 209
Cretaceous Quiet Zone 96
Crete 244
Cribb, Robert: The Historical Atlas of Indonesia 28n
cricket 153
Crimea 190
Cuba 265
Culemborg bastion, Sunda Kelapa 137
Curie, Pierre 92n
Curie point 84, 92n
currency 11, 14
cycad 365n
da Gama, Vasco 13
Daendels, Herman Willem 141–2, 143
Daily Eagle 291–2
Dalby, R.J. 175
Daly Waters, south of Darwin 264
Damavand, Mount 112
Dammerman, Karel 367, 369
Danan cone, Krakatoa xv, 121, 158n, 318, 347
erupts (August, 1883) 176, 177
disappearance of 313, 346
Danes 196
Dark Ages 133
Darwin, Charles 61, 276
pioneers evolution science 57, 62, 63
natural selection theory 59
Wallace influences 60–61, 62
Wallace's loyalty to 63
On the Origin of Species 58, 62
Darwin, Sir George 276, 305n
Darwinism 63
Day, Arthur Louis 304–5
Dayaks 265
de Vries, Mr (a pilot) 214–15
decibel-meters 266
declinometer 162–3
deer 65, 66, 146
Dekker, Eduard Douwes (‘Multatuli’) 328, 330
Max Havelaar 328, 329, 330
Delft Technical University 88
Demak, Java 332
Denmark 290
Denmark Strait 80
Descartes, Rene 305
Deventer, central Holland 337
Devonport 282
Dewey, John 105, 106
Diamond Head, Oahu 102
Dickinson, William 107n
Diego Garcia 53, 263–4
Disappearing Island 102
Discovery, HMS 121
Djaman, Umar 324
Dover 187, 282
Dowd, Charles 219n
Down House, Downe, Kent 62, 64
Drake, Sir Francis 34
duck-billed platypus 65
Dumas (a clerk in Sanedja) 340
Dumas, Mrs 340, 341
Durant, Will 301
Durban, South Africa 281n
dust particles 285–6
Dutch
builds Anjer lighthouse 3, 258–9
spice trade 12, 14–16, 23, 141
Portuguese driven out 15, 19, 29
first expedition to Java 15–18
first treaty with Java 16
relations with the local population 16, 17, 32, 323
Dutch fleets start to go East 19–20, 29
cartographers 21, 23, 27
outposts run from the Javanese HQ 34n
and Indonesian independence 38, 342, 380n
building of Batavia 39–40
and slavery 42
Batavia population 44
Treaty of Paris 139, 141
guerrilla war in Aceh 147
response to impending eruption (1883) 164
dual administrative rule 253n
relief operations after the 1883 eruption 321, 323
momentary faltering in the region 327–8
impact of Max Havelaar 328
Kultuurstelsel (Cultivation System) 328–9, 333
Ethical Policy 330
reforms after the Peasants' Revolt 342
Dutch Cemetery, Madaascar 16
Dutch Colonial Police 339
Dutch East Indies (later Indonesia) Coen founds 36
slavery abolished 44
Wallace's fascination with 59
Dutch government takes charge (1799) 141
and submarine telegraph cables 189
Dutch-Javanese relations 212
Kultuurstelsel 328–9
Ethical Policy 330
Dutch East Indies Post and Telegraph Office 186
Dwars-in-den-weg/Thwart-the-Way Island 237–8, 260
earth
gravitational field 88–91, 301
magnetism 91, 95
hotspot 103
siting 301
size of 301
heat and thermal decay within 302
earthquakes 112–13, 154, 162, 207, 208, 242n, 243, 246, 268, 318
East Africa: rift valleys 306
East Anglia 190
East India Company 47
East Indies 2, 29, 31, 32, 54, 59, 139, 325, 326
East Pacific Rise 308
Easter Island 308
Eastern Telegraph Company 189, 193, 197
ecological interdependence 271
Ecuador 308
Edinburgh (cable-laying ship) 189
Ega, Brazil 58
Egeron (ship) 170, 171
elephants 116, 307n
Elisabeth (German warship) 157–60, 183, 213
Emden (German surface raider) 190n
Emden, Germany 190
England 290
spice trade 12, 14
see also Britain
English Channel 276, 282
Enkhuizen 20
Equatorial Smoke Stream 290
Eskimos 82
ethogeological prediction 207
Etna, Mount 112, 303, 393
Eugenia caryophyllata 10n
Eurasian Plate 112, 116
Eurasians 144
Europe, Europeans 74
invasion by barbarians 133
drowned in the eruption of 1883 238, 252
temperature 295–6
expulsion from the region (1949) 325
Evelina (ship) 280
evolution science 57 62, 63, 64
Ewing, Maurice 90
Faeroes 87
Faircloth, Captain 287–8
Falkland Islands 111
Falmouth weather observatory 270
Far East 24, 26
Ferzenaar, Captain H.J.G. 176–8, 177, 207
Fiado (British steamship) 202
Fielder, Mr (in Ceylon) 264
Fingal's Cave, Staffa 84
First Point, Java 155, 161n, 185, 220, 299
Fiske, Richrd S. 396
Flat Corner, Java 170
Flint, Dr Earl 287
Flores 19, 29
Foley (on Cayman Brac) 265–6
Folkestone Harbour 191
Forbes H.O. 175
Forbes (tea-planter) 168
Formosa 34n
Fort Speelwijk, Java 20, 21
Fourth Pacific Science Congress (Batavia, 1928) 350–51
Fourth Point lighthouse, Anjer 221, 234, 238, 258–9, 260, 321
France, French 197
makes peace with Britain 139n
sugar plantations 261
imperalism 334
Franklin, Benjamin 294
Freuchen, Peter 79
Friesland 29n, 44
Fujian province 42
Fukoto Kuokanaba 384n
fumaroles 176–7
Furneaux, Rupert: Krakatoa 316n, 396
gabbros 297
Galapagos 60
Galeras volcano, Colombia 308
Galileo Galilei 77–8
Galle, Ceylon 31, 279
Galton, Sir Francis 63
gamelan orchestras 124, 227
Gede volcano (Kamula), Java 126
Geikie, Archibald 273n
Genesis, Book of 69
geography 54, 187
Geological Society of London 304,315
Geological Survey of Indonesia 375
geology
unpredictable nature in the East 36
Wallace and 66–8
and religion 69
Georia 190
Gérard, Max 344
German Imperial Navy 159
Far Eastern Station 157
Germany 197, 295
Giant's Causeway, County Antrim 84
Gibbon, Edward 10
Gibraltar 191, 325
glaciers 244
Gladstone, William Ewart 236
Glasgow weather observatory 270
Global Positioning System 319
global village, birth of 6–7, 184–5, 198
lobal warming 271
Glodok, Jakarta 138
Goa 16, 18, 19, 25, 29
Gogh, Vincent van 40, 329
Gondwanaland 72n, 73–6, 74, 90
Gouverneur-Generaal Loudon (excursion vessel) 172–4, 213–14, 216, 219, 228, 234, 245–6, 251, 256, 257, 299, 337
Graaff-Reinet, South Africa 287
Granville, Earl 236, 236
graptolitic shales 73
gravimeters 89, 101
gravity 88–90
Great Chain of Being 371–2
Great Northern Telegraph Company 196
Great Plague 133
Great White, The 83
Greeks 303, 304
greenhouse gases 271
Greenland 74, 81
Wegener in 72, 76–7
Oxford University expedition 79–86, 91
volcanic 83
basalts 83–8
proof of continental drift 87–8
acid snows 133
ice-cores 308n
Greenlandic language 81
Greenwich Mean Time 275
Greenwich Observatory 270, 275, 282
Gresik, east Java 332
Grytviken whaling station 281
Gubbels, Dora 341
Gubbels, Elly 341
Gubbels, Johan Hendrik 341
Guild of Pepperers 12
Gulf of Mexico 289
gutta-percha 187, 189
Haag (Dutch barque) 157
Hades 303
Hadhramaut Yemen 339, 342
haj 332, 333
Halifax, Nova Scotia 196
Hall, R. and Blundell, D.J.: Tectonic Evolution of Southeast Asia 52
Halmahera 61
Hambantota, Ceylon 279
Hamburg, Mr (ship passenger) 174
Hammersley Range, western Australia 264
Handl, Johann 360–61
Handl's Bay, Krakatoa Island 356
Hapsburgs 29n
Harmonie club, Batavia 147, 153, 172, 202–3
Hastings-on-Hudson, New York 274
Hatfield, Oscar 152, 234
Haughton, Mr (in Ceylon) 287
Hawaii Island (Big Island) 102, 103, 104
Hawaiian Islands 102–5, 121, 306, 354n
Heims, Father 159–60
Helen (a square-rigger) 59
Her Majesty K II submarine 89
Her Majesty K XIII submarine 89
Hermak, Baluchistan 190
Hess, Professor Harry 90, 91, 92, 97–100
‘ History of Ocean Basins’ 98n
Hesse, Elias 49–50, 135
Hevea brasiliensis (Brazilian rubber) 224, 225
Hibernia (converted cargo ship) 189
High Court, London 263n
Himalayan Mountains 74, 112
Hinduism 128, 332
Holland 29n, 44 see also Dutch; Netherlands
Hollandsche Thuyn (long-rangepacket) 48
Hollmann, Captain 158–9
Hollwood 113, 393, 394
Holtan community 132
Holtum, John (‘Cannonball King’) 205–6
Holy War (perang sabil) 336, 337, 340, 342
Homo erectus 116
Hondius, Henricus 25
Hong Kong 220, 278
Honolulu 289
Hooghly River 276
Hooker, Sir Joseph 62, 63
Hoorn, Zuider Zee 20, 33
Hope (a barque) 175
Hopkins, Gerard Manley 288
Hôtel des Indes, Batavia 206, 207, 208–9
hotspots 103, 104, 347n
House of Orange 151
Houtman, Cornelis de 15–18
Houtman, Frederik de 15
Huaynaputina volcano, Peru 308
Hudson, USA 283
Hudson River School 283
Hudson's Bay Company 30
human sacrifice 303
humongous explosion 309, 312
Hurgronje, Snouck 41, 333–4
Hutton, James 69
Huxley, Sir Thomas 63
hydrochloric acid 243
ice cores 129, 131, 133, 296, 308n
Iceland 82, 96, 306
Illustrated London News 155n
Imperial Beacons & Coastal Lighting Service 170
India 11, 13, 22, 24, 40, 44, 55, 74, 112, 144, 191, 197, 276, 280, 325, 326, 331, 332
India Rubber, Gutta Percha & Telegraph Works Company 187–8, 197
Indian Mutiny 326n
Indian Ocean 2, 21, 53, 114, 161n, 182, 182, 231, 261, 264, 278, 280, 285
indigo 330
Indo-Australian Plate 111, 115, 116
Indonesia (formerly Dutch East Indies) xiv, 63, 68, 116, 137, 145–6, 308, 309, 325, 331
independence 38, 342
International Date Line 112, 219n
International Meridian Conference (Washington, DC, 1884) 219n
Io 302
Iran 112, 331
Ireland 188, 196, 264
Irian 55, 61
iron oxide compounds 84, 85
Isla de Pascua 308
Islam
Sumatra and Java Islamicized 17
rigid formalisms 32
local form of 40–41, 332–3
orthodox 40, 41
birth of 133
and the 1883 eruption 321
becomes entwined with local political developments 325
power of 325
upsurge in Islamic zealotry in the East Indies 325
stand against colonialism 327
number of Muslims in Indonesia 331
an imperial religion 331
collision with the West 331
first comes to the East Indies 331–2
the haj 332, 333
threatened by Western imperialism 334
fundamentalism 339
Isonandra gutta 187
Istanbul 378
Italy 22, 242
I wo Jima 384n
‘s Jacob, Governor-General Frederik 148–9, 149, 150–53, 169, 172, 201, 215
‘s Jacob, Leonie 151
Jakarta History Museum, Java 46n
Jakarta (previously Jayakarta and Batavia) 2, 21, 38, 126, 137, 373, 379
Jakarta Radio 9
James I, King 12
Jammersley Range, New Guinea 264
Japan 34n, 42, 44, 196, 244, 308, 309
Java 1, 2, 6, 7, 66, 78, 242
coffee 10, 141
spice-trading 10, 11, 31
first treaty with the Dutch 16
colonization 16
Islamicized 17, 40
mapping 22, 24
British colonial intentions 34
described 40–41
and slavery 44
volcanic 83
and the Java Trench 8
9
volcanically unstable 114–15
splits from Sumatra 126, 155
anti-Chinese riots 91998) 138
earthquakes 154
response to impending eruption (1883) 164
and gutta-percha 188
explosion sounds not heard by all 266
number of active volcanoes 309, 326
attacks by white-robed figure 323–4, 325, 337
First Military Region 324
Islam 325, 342
mysticism 327
Java Bode 162, 255
Java Head 155, 161n, 182, 220, 231, 379n
Java Major 25, 25, 26
Java Man 116
Java Minor 22
Java Pars. 27
Java Sea 45, 172
Java Trench 89, 111, 114
Javasche Courant 153
Jayabaya 128
Jayakarta (later Batavia, then Jakarta) 34, 38
Jeffreys, Sir Harold 76, 304
jetstream 290
Jogjakarta, Java 2, 153
joint-stock companies 30
jökulhlaups 244
Judd, John 315–16
Volcanoes 315
Julius II, Pope 13n
Jupiter 302
Jurassic period 96
Kaimeni 347
Kamchatka Peninsula 309
Kamula volcano, Java (Gede) 126
kangaroos 65, 65, 116, 137n
‘Kapi, Mount’ (in Ranggawarsita's history) 125, 126, 129
Karachi 190, 280
Karim, Haji Abdul 334–5, 337, 338, 339, 341
Kartodirdjo, Sartono: The Peasants' Revolt of Bantenin 1888 322
Katmai, Mount, Alaska 5
Kauai Island 102–3, 104
Kaula 102
Kavachi 384n
Kedirie (ship) 299, 313
Keith, Brian 394
Kennedy, Henry George 235, 272
Kerala 44
Kerm-an, Teheran 190
Kertsch, Crimea 190
Ketimbang, Sumatra 156, 164–5, 167, 226–30, 233, 245, 251, 259
Kew weather observatory, Surrey 270
Keys, David: Catastrophe 132, 133, 134,395–6
Kilauea: Halemaumau Crater, Hawaii 1093
Kinematics, Inc. 376, 378, 386
King of the Netherlands, The (steam-yacht) 323
Kiribati, Republic of 100
kites 72
Kittery Island 102
Knossos, Crete 244
Koeripan River 256, 257, 258
Kokkulai, Ceylon 287
Kosrae Island, Pacific Micronesia 298
Kowalski, Bernard 394
Krakatoa archipelago 379
Krakatoa Committee, Royal Society 272–3, 275, 276, 286–7
Krakatoa, East of Java (film) 2, 394–5
Krakatoa Iron & Steel Works 340n
Krakatoa Island
present remains of 1–2
van Linschoten describes 25–6
first mentioned by its current name 27
derivation of the name 27–8
cultivation 120–21
lush coastal jungle 122, 354–5
Schuurmann describes 173
Ferzenaar visits (August 1883) 176–8
disappearance of 178, 237, 239, 240, 260, 300, 337, 338
surrounded by small faults and zones of weakness 320
purity after the 1883 eruption 355–6
repopulation of 356–66, 372